B1- cell biology Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
What structure surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves?
Cell membrane.
Which organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
True or False: Plant cells have a cell wall.
True.
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?
Cytoplasm.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.
Golgi apparatus.
What type of cell contains a defined nucleus?
Eukaryotic cell.
Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell?
Mitochondria.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of proteins and lipids.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.
True.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
chloroplast.
Which component of the cell is responsible for maintaining its shape?
Cytoskeleton.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and control the movement of substances in and out.
True or False: All cells have a nucleus.
False.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate the internal environment of the cell.
Fill in the blank: The _____ contains genetic material.
nucleus.
What type of transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane?
Active transport.
Which process allows cells to take in large particles?
Endocytosis.
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
True or False: Ribosomes can be found floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True.
What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?
To store nutrients and waste products.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in the synthesis of lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
Peroxisome.
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?
To provide a medium for chemical reactions and support organelles.
True or False: The cell wall is composed of cellulose in plant cells.
True.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
To produce ribosomal RNA.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a network of protein filaments and tubules that provide structural support.
cytoskeleton.
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface; smooth ER does not.
Which process is used by cells to expel waste?
Exocytosis.
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.
False.
What is the role of the centrosome?
To organize microtubules and provide structure to the cell.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of protein synthesis.
ribosome.
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids.
True or False: All cells undergo cell division.
True.
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins for secretion.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the cell that contains the cell’s genetic material.
nucleus.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
False.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called __________.
mitosis.
What organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
Mitochondria.
Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
Cell membrane.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory? A) All living things are composed of cells. B) Cells arise from pre-existing cells. C) Cells can spontaneously generate. D) The cell is the basic unit of life.
C) Cells can spontaneously generate.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts.
True.
Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called __________.
cytoplasm.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein and lipid synthesis.
Multiple choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in packaging and distributing proteins? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Centriole.
A) Golgi apparatus.
What is the primary function of the lysosome?
Digestion and waste removal.
True or False: All cells have a cell wall.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nuclear envelope.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement.
Multiple choice: Which type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Budding.
B) Meiosis.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER and Smooth ER.
True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
What is a key difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? A) Energy production B) Selective permeability C) Protein synthesis D) DNA replication.
B) Selective permeability.
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis.
True or False: Cilia and flagella are types of cytoskeletal structures.
True.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure.
Multiple choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus.
B) Mitochondria.
