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B1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Do eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is the definition of a prokaryotic cell ?

A

Where the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus

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3
Q

Which cells are smaller, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

What are small rings of DNA called?

A

Plasmids

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5
Q

How many cm in a m?

A

100

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6
Q

How many metres ( in standard form) is one cm?

A

1 times 10^ -2

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7
Q

How many mm in a cm?

A

10

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8
Q

How many millimetres are there in a metre?

A

1000

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9
Q

How many micrometers in a metre?

A

1 000 000
One million

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10
Q

What is the normal diameter of a human body cell?
In micrometers

A

10-20 micrometers

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11
Q

How many Nanometers in a metre?

A

1 000 000 000
1 billion

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12
Q

What is the diameter of a molecule of haemoglobin?
In nanometres

A

5 nm

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13
Q

Every order of magnitude is _________ x greater than the one before.

A

10 x

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14
Q

How many orders of magnitude is 10x?

A

1 order of magnitude

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15
Q

How many orders of magnitude is 100x?

A

Two orders of magnitude

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16
Q

How many orders of magnitude is 1000x ?

A

3 orders of magnitude

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17
Q

What is the role of a nucleus?

A

Store genetic material

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18
Q

Where does the 1st stage of respiration take place?

A

The cytoplasm

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19
Q

In what subcellular structure do most chemical reactions happen?

A

The cytoplasm

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20
Q

What is are the role of mitochondria?

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place

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21
Q

Ribosomes are the site of ______________.

A

Protein synthesis

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22
Q

Chloroplasts contain a green substance called…

A

Chlorophyll

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23
Q

Chloroplasts are the site of….

A

Photosynthesis

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24
Q

What chemical is the cell wall in a plant cell made up of?

A

Cellulose

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25
What is the purpose of the cell wall?
To strengthen the cell
26
The permanent vacuole in a plant cell contains a fluid called __________.
Cell sap
27
What is the role of the permanent vacuole?
To give the plant cell its shape
28
What does it mean if an animal cell is specialised?
The cell has adaptations that help it to carry out its particular function
29
When cells become specialised scientists call that __________.
Differentiation
30
What does the axon in a nerve cell do?
Carry the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
31
________ insulates the axon in the nerve cell and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.
Myelin
32
The end of the axon has __________. _________ are junctions which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another. What 1 word completes both gaps?
Synapses
33
____________ increase the surface area of a nerve cell so other nerve cells can connect more easily.
Dendrites
34
What subcellular structures are muscle cells full of? Hint- aerobic respiration
Mitochondria
35
Why do muscle cells need to contain lots of mitochondria?
To provide energy for contraction
36
What is the function of the hair on the root hair cell?
Increases surface area of the root
37
Root hair cells do/ do not contain chloroplasts.
Do not, because they are underground
38
What do xylem cells carry?
Water
39
What chemical are the walls of xylem cells made up of?
Lignin
40
Xylem cells are dead/ alive.
Dead
41
Phloem carry ________ _______ around the plant.
Dissolved sugars
42
What two types of cell make up the phloem cells?
Phloem vessel cells Companion cell
43
The end of the phloem vessel cells have pores called ______ _______.
Sieve plates
44
Where do we place the microscope slide in a light microscope?
The stage
45
What are the three magnifications usually used for the objective lenses in the light microscope?
4X, 10X and 40X
46
What magnification does the eyepiece lens have?
10 X
47
All of the ______ gases have boiling points lower than room temperature.
Noble gase This explains why they are all gases at room temperature
48
What is the equation that we use to work out how many bacteria a present after division has occurred for a length of time?
No of bacteria= 2^ n
49
What do we use when culturing microorganisms to nourish the bacteria?
Agar jelly
50
What is the zone around the antibiotic disks during culturing microorganisms called?
The inhibition zone
51
With what do we sterilise the inoculating loop during culturing microorganisms?
A Bunsen flame
52
How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells contain?
23 pairs
53
What does the cell cycle refer to?
Cell division
54
How many cells does 1 cell undergoing mitosis produce?
2 cells
55
What is a multicellular organism?
An organism that contains more than one cell
56
What are the three functions of mitosis?
- growth and development of multicellular organisms - repair eg broken bone - during asexual reproduction
57
What is the process called where an ovum joins with a sperm cell?
Fertilisation
58
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell which can produce more cells of the same type and differentiate.
59
Where are the two places we can find stem cells?
Embryos Adult bone marrow
60
______ ________ stem cells differentiate to form cells found in our blood.
Bone marrow stem cells
61
What is leukaemia?
A cancer of the bone marrow
62
What are the stem cells found in the buds of a plant called?
Meristem tissue
63
What is the definition of diffusion?
The movement of particles from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
64
What is a waste product that diffuses out of cells? Hint= 2
Urea or carbon dioxide
65
Where is urea secreted?
In the kidneys
66
What is a difference in concentration called?
Concentration gradient
67
The greater the concentration gradient the faster/ slower diffusion takes place.
The faster diffusion takes place
68
What are the three adaptations of gills in fish?
Large surface area Thin membrane Efficient blood supply
69
What is the definition of osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
70
Why do we peel the potato in the osmosis RPA?
Because potato skin can affect osmosis
71
How do you ensure all of the potato cylinders are the same diameter in the osmosis RPA?
Use a cork borer
72
What is the equation for percentage change?
Change in value ________________ X 100 Original value

Biology (11 decks)

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