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biology > B1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

B1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

simple cells without a nucleus

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2
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

complex cells containing a nucleus

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3
Q

subcellular structures

A 
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria 
ribosomes
cell wall
permanent vacuole
chloroplasts
plasmids
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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell and contains DNA

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel like substance. Contains enzymes. Is where most chemical reactions take place.

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out. Holds cell together.

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where most reactions of aerobic respiration takes place

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

where proteins are made

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

made of cellulose. supports and strengthens cell

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10
Q

Permanent vacuole

A

Contains cells sap

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Where photosynthesis takes place. Contains chlorophyll.

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12
Q

Plasmid

A

Contains DNA

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13
Q

Subcellular structures of an animal cell

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
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14
Q

Subcellular structures of an animal cell

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts
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15
Q

Subcellular structures of a bacteria cell

A

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Plasmids

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

Process where a cell changes to become specialised for its job

17
Q

Sperm cells are specialised for…

A

Reproduction. Long tail to help it swim and mitochondria to provide it energy to do so. Also carries enzymes so it digests through the egg cell membrane.

18
Q

Nerve cells are specialised for…

A

Rapid signalling. Long and have branched connections to connect to other nerve cells an form a network.

19
Q

Muscle cells are specialised for…

A

Contraction. Long so they have space to contract. Contain lots of mitochindria to generate energy for contraction.

20
Q

Root hair cells are specialised for…

A

absorbing water and minerals. Big surface area to absorb water and minerals.

21
Q

Phloem and Xylem cells are specialised for …

A

Transportation. Xylems are hollow and Phloem have few subcellular structures so that they can allow stuff to flow through them.

22
Q

Chromosomes

A

Carries genes and is in the nucleus. Body cells have two copies of each chromosomes (from mother and from father). A human cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

23
Q

Cell cycle

A

Body cells divide to produce new cells to grow or replace damaged cells. The two mains stages of the cell cycle are: 1) Growth and DNA replication 2) Mitosis

24
Q

Growth and DNA replication

A

1) DNA is spread out into long strings
2) Cell grows and increases its subcellulars strucures e.g. mitochondria
3) Cell duplicates it’s DNA. DNA is copied and forms X-shaped chromosomes.

biology (2 decks)

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