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B1 Cards Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Non Communicable Diseases

A

diseases that cannot be passed from person to person and arent caused by pathogens

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2
Q

What are some examples of non communicable diseases

A

cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, most types of cancer

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3
Q

Name 3 risk factors for communicable heart disease

A

diet high in fat and low in vegetables which increases cholesterol in the blood, diet high in salt increases blood pressure, smoking

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4
Q

name 2 risk factors for lung cancer

A

smoking, cigarette smoke (carcinogens)

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5
Q

what are the effects of smoking while pregnant

A

increase in chance of miscarriage and premature birth

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6
Q

what are the effects of drinking while pregnant

A

can cause fetal alcohol syndrome which causes mental and physical disabilities

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7
Q

what are the effects of alcohol on adults

A

increase risk to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer

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8
Q

how do you get type 2 diabetes

A

struggle to control blood glucose levels, mostly from being obese

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9
Q

what is radon

A

radioactive gas that increases risk of developing lung cancer

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10
Q

how does the immune system protect us against pathogens

A

destroys pathogens, toxins and protects from same type of pathogen

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11
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

detects chemicals, moves towards it and ingest and destroy pathogens

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12
Q

why do plants use light

A

source of energy

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13
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

the reaction that plants use to trap light energy. Leaves contain the green chemical chlorophyll, which absorb light energy

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14
Q

what is the photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O -> C6 H12 O6 + O2

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15
Q

what is the hypothesis to photosynthesis

A

as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase however it eventually caps off

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16
Q

how can vaccination prevent illness

A

it introduces small dosages of a dead or inactive pathogen so the body learns to fight it

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17
Q

how can vaccination prevent the spread of illnesses

A

through herd immunity

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18
Q

state the steps for an iodine test for starch

A

Place 1 spatula of the food sample on a dish, place a few drops of iodine with a dropper and record any change in colour

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19
Q

state the steps for a benedict test to reduce sugar

A

Place 2 spatulas of the food sample into a test tube, add equal volume of benedict solution, place the tube in a water bath at 95 degrees for a few minutes and record colour

20
Q

state the steps for a biuret test for protein

A

place 1-2 spatulas of the food sample into the test tube, add equal volume of potassium hydroxide solution to the tube and stir, add 2 drops of copper sulfate and stir for 2 minutes and record colour

21
Q

state the steps for an emulsion test for lipids

A

place 2 spatulas of food sample into a test tube, add 2cm^3 of ethanol to the tube, cover the end and shake and then let it settle. pour the liquid in the mixture and see if the water is cloudy or not

22
Q

how are new medicines discovered

A

usually found in chemicals extracted from a plant

23
Q

what is clinical testing

A

low doses are given to healthy volunteers, from there doctors continue testing to find the correct dosage

24
Q

what is a placebo

A

tablet or injection with no active drug in it

25
Q

what is a double blind trial

A

a test group and scientists dont know who get the actual drug, which stops bias from doctors

26
Q

how to calculate biomass

A

increase biomass(gross) - decrease biomass(gross)

27
Q

what is a pathogen

A

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

28
Q

how do bacteria and viruses cause illness

A

bacteria reproduce very rapidly in the human body, then they release toxins which damage tissues and make us feel ill. viruses reproduce when inside a host cell

29
Q

how is the spread of pathogens prevented

A

vaccination, condoms, isolation

30
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell and name an example

A

organisms that have a nucleus

31
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell and name an example

A

single cell organisms that dont have a nucleus

32
Q

what are the main differences between a eukaryote and prokaryote

A

eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles while prokaryotes don’t. prokaryotes have a cell size of 0.5 to 100um while eukaryotes have a size from 10-150um

33
Q

how many cm in a metre

A

100

34
Q

how many micrometers (um) in a metre

A

1000000

35
Q

describe the process of anaerobic respiration

A

glucose into lactic acid and energy

36
Q

describe the process of aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen turns into carbon dioxide + water and energy

37
Q

what is the magnification formula

A

magnification = size of image/size of real object

38
Q

what does osmosis mean

A

the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

39
Q

how does osmosis affect animal and plant cells

A

they do not have a cell wall, so will change size and shape when put into solutions that are at a different concentration to the cell contents

40
Q

what is meant by diffusion

A

particles spreading out from an area with high concentration to an area with low concentration

41
Q

what affects the rate of diffusion

A

temperature

42
Q

what are differences between communicable and new communicable diseases?

A

communicable spread from person to person and non communicable cannot be

43
Q

what is the set up for photosynthesis practical?

A

set up the boiling tube containing 45^3 of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. allow the tube to stand for a few minutes and shake to disperse air bubbles. cut a 8cm piece of pondweed and place in the boiling tube. position the pondweed 10cm away from the light source. allow the boiling tube to stand for 5 minutes. count the number of bubbles emerging from the cut end of the stems in 1 minute. calculate the average number of bubbles produced per minute and repeat at different distances

44
Q

what is an enzyme

A

enzymes are large protein molecules which have an active site, where the substrate attaches to

45
Q

describe the enzymes in the digestive system

A

the substrate must fit perfectly into the active site (lock and key theory)

46
Q

describe the role of bile

A

helps speed up digestion of lipids

Science (4 decks)

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