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Science > B1 Biology > Flashcards

B1 Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic don’t have membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a cell wall

A

Protects the plant cell
Provides structure to the cell

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoplasm

A

Chemical reactions

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4
Q

What does the objective lense do

A

Shows magnified image

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5
Q

What is the difference between an electronic microscope and a light microscope (give 3)

A

A light microscope uses light, an electron microscope uses electrons.
A light microscope can view specimens whilst alive.
Electron microscopes require training.

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6
Q

What is the equation for actual size

A

Image size÷magnification

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a ribosome

A

Carries out protein synthesis

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the chloroplast

A

Carries out photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is the name of the dye that makes the plant green

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

What is a circular string if DNA called

A

Plasmid

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13
Q

What shape is DNA

A

Double helix

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14
Q

What is a stem cell

A

An undifferentiated cell

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15
Q

What adaptation does a red blood cell have

A

-Bio concave shape
-Narrow

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16
Q

What is a gene

A

A small section of DNA that codes for a specific protien

17
Q

What part of the cell Carries out protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

18
Q

Why do we need to use mRNA

A

The DNA is too big to move out if the nucleus

19
Q

How is mRNA made

A

Transcription: DNA is unzipped
3 bases of the gene pairs with its complementary bases.
A triplet is formed.

20
Q

What are the steps to the translation phase if protein synthesis

A

A tRNA with an amino acid and a complementary anti codon (triplet) is called and pairs with the triplets in the mRNA.
A chain is formed and the tRNA is removed leaving a chain of amino acids.

21
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst

22
Q

What is the area where a complementary substrate fits with the enzyme

A

Active site

23
Q

What happens in gap stage 1 of mitosis

A

Cell grows in size

24
Q

What happens in synthesis stage

A

Cell duplicates it’s DNA

25
Q

What are x shaped strands of DNA called

A

Chromosomes

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