B1-B9 Flashcards
name the 8 cell parts and there functions
cell membrane - protects cell controls what goes in nd out 🐶
cytoplasm - fluid fills the cell (where chemical reaction) 🐶🌳
vacuole - cell storage 🌳
mitochondria - produces energy (respiration)🐶🌳
nucleus - controls the cell , has the dna 🐶🌳
cell wall - supports the cell 🌳
ribosomes - decode the message 🐶🌳
chloroplast - for photosynthesis 🌳
calculation for magnification :
Measure the scale bar image (beside drawing) in mm.
Convert to µm (multiply by 1000).
prokaryotic
eukaryotic cells :
prokaryotic = bacteria
eukaryotic = animal plant and fungi
differences E is much bigger
P has no nucleus
P = only 1 chromsome
Diffusion ?
Osmosis ?
Active transport ?
Diffusion = movement from high to low
Osmosis = pass through semi permable membrane from a less concentrated to more
Active transport = ions across a cell membrane from a low to high
cell cycle / mitosis
mitosis = cell duplication
cell cycle = The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.
stem cells ?
stem cells = cells produced by bone marrow , can turn into different blood cells
therapeutic cloning
advantaged
disadvantages
advantages = could treat/cure diseases
disadvantages = could cause tumours , ethics + alot of eggs are needed
3 common features of exchange surfaces in animals :
used to increase their surface area to maximise the rate of diffusion.
lungs
small intestines
3 tissues in the stomach and their jobs
mucosa - glands that release digestive juices
serosa - wraps around to confine
submucosa - rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
which enzymes are present in the digestive system ?
speeds up chemical reaction
Amylase
Pepsin
Trypsin
stomach acids and bile assists with digestion ?
breaks down fats into fatty acids + promote absorption of lipids
artificial heart , stent and heart valve replacements
advantages : prevent the development of blood clots)
however their relatively poor durability compared to mechanical valves, with many requiring a re-operation in 10 to 20 years
process of breathing in and out
lungs exhale - the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.
how does the heart pump blood ?
from its left side, through the aorta (main artery leaving the heart) and into the arteries , travels through your arteries, which divide off into smaller and smaller blood vessels called capillaries.
Stents :
Stents are small, expandable tubes that treat narrowed arteries in your body
key features of arteries veins capillaries how do they help ?
The capillaries connect the two types of blood vessel and molecules are exchanged
arteries Have thick muscular and elastic walls to pump and accommodate blood
veins thin walls - have less muscular tissue than arteries
3 adaptations of red blood cells
how does oxygen interact with haemoglobin
they have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin. they are small and flexible so that they can fit through narrow blood vessels. they have a biconcave shape (flattened disc shape) to maximise their surface area for oxygen absorption.
