B1-B9

Question 1

name the 8 cell parts and there functions

Answer 1

cell membrane - protects cell controls what goes in nd out 🐶

cytoplasm - fluid fills the cell (where chemical reaction) 🐶🌳

vacuole - cell storage 🌳

mitochondria - produces energy (respiration)🐶🌳

nucleus - controls the cell , has the dna 🐶🌳

cell wall - supports the cell 🌳

ribosomes - decode the message 🐶🌳

chloroplast - for photosynthesis 🌳

Question 2

calculation for magnification :

Answer 2

Measure the scale bar image (beside drawing) in mm.

Convert to µm (multiply by 1000).

Question 3

prokaryotic

eukaryotic cells :

Answer 3

prokaryotic = bacteria

eukaryotic = animal plant and fungi

differences E is much bigger
P has no nucleus
P = only 1 chromsome

Question 4

Diffusion ?

Osmosis ?

Active transport ?

Answer 4

Diffusion = movement from high to low

Osmosis = pass through semi permable membrane from a less concentrated to more

Active transport = ions across a cell membrane from a low to high

Question 5

cell cycle / mitosis

Answer 5

mitosis = cell duplication

cell cycle = The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.

Question 6

stem cells ?

Answer 6

stem cells = cells produced by bone marrow , can turn into different blood cells

Question 7

therapeutic cloning

advantaged

disadvantages

Answer 7

advantages = could treat/cure diseases

disadvantages = could cause tumours , ethics + alot of eggs are needed

Question 8

3 common features of exchange surfaces in animals :

Answer 8

used to increase their surface area to maximise the rate of diffusion.

lungs
small intestines

Question 9

3 tissues in the stomach and their jobs

Answer 9

mucosa - glands that release digestive juices

serosa - wraps around to confine

submucosa - rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Question 10

which enzymes are present in the digestive system ?

Answer 10

speeds up chemical reaction

Amylase
Pepsin
Trypsin

Question 11

stomach acids and bile assists with digestion ?

Answer 11

breaks down fats into fatty acids + promote absorption of lipids

Question 12

artificial heart , stent and heart valve replacements

Answer 12

advantages : prevent the development of blood clots)

however their relatively poor durability compared to mechanical valves, with many requiring a re-operation in 10 to 20 years

Question 13

process of breathing in and out

Answer 13

lungs exhale - the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.

Question 14

how does the heart pump blood ?

Answer 14

from its left side, through the aorta (main artery leaving the heart) and into the arteries , travels through your arteries, which divide off into smaller and smaller blood vessels called capillaries.

Question 15

Stents :

Answer 15

Stents are small, expandable tubes that treat narrowed arteries in your body

Question 16

key features of 
arteries 
veins 
capillaries 
how do they help ?

Answer 16

The capillaries connect the two types of blood vessel and molecules are exchanged

arteries Have thick muscular and elastic walls to pump and accommodate blood

veins thin walls - have less muscular tissue than arteries

Question 17

3 adaptations of red blood cells

how does oxygen interact with haemoglobin

Answer 17

they have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin. they are small and flexible so that they can fit through narrow blood vessels. they have a biconcave shape (flattened disc shape) to maximise their surface area for oxygen absorption.