B1- Adaptation For Survival Flashcards

1
Q

What is an extremophile?

Give an example.

A

Extremophiles are microorganisms which are adapted to live in conditions where enzymes won’t usually work because they would denature.

Examples of extremophiles include: aquifex genus is a thermophile in Yellowstone National Park.

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2
Q

How do animals adapt to their environment?

Give examples of hot and cold environments.

A

Animals in cold climates (e.g: polar bear in Arctic) have thick fur, blubber and a small SA:Volume ratio to keep them warm.

Animals in hot climates (e.g: camel in Desert) are adapted to conserve water and to keep cool. The camel has a hump in which it stores food as fat which can be metabolised into energy. Large SA:Volume ratio.

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3
Q

How are plants adapted to conserve water?

A

Plants can conserve water is they have small and waxy leaves, or they may have a swollen stem.

Cacti in deserts store water in the stem.

Other plants adapt to collect more water by having extensive root systems.

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4
Q

Animals compete for…

A
  • Food.
  • Water.
  • Shelter.
  • Mates.
  • Territory.
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5
Q

Plants compete for…

A
  • Water.
  • Nutrients.
  • Sunlight.
  • (Space to grow).
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6
Q

Name 4 non-living environmental changes.

A
  • Temperature.
  • Rainfall.
  • Light.
  • Oxygen Levels.
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7
Q

Name 3 living environmental changes.

A
  • Arrival of new predators.
  • Arrival of new disease.
  • Introduction of new plants.
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8
Q

How can lichens indicate pollution?

A

The presence or absence of lichens can indicate the level of air pollution, particularly SO2. The more lichen growing, the cleaner the air. Lichens are an example of indicator species.

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9
Q

How can we monitor pollution?

A

Animals- Indicator species and freshwater invertebrates.

Tech- Rain gauges, thermometers, pH and oxygen sensors.

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10
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Adaptations allow organisms to survive in a particular habitat, even when the conditions are extreme.

E.g: extremely hot or salty.

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11
Q

Suggest three reasons why goldfinches were seen in more gardens in 2012 than in 2011.

A
  • Change in temperature.
  • Fewer predators.
  • Less disease in 2012.
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