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Core Science > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?

A

The BMR is the amount of energy we require just to stay alive, awake and warm

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2
Q

What effects the BMR?

A
  • Inherited factors
  • Exercise levels
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Body size/weight
  • Proportion of muscle to fat
  • Pregnancy
  • Cholesterol levels
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3
Q

What does metabolic rate mean?

A

Metabolic- chemical reactions

Rate- speed

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4
Q

What is a metabolic rate?

A

The speed at which chemical reactions take place in the body

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5
Q

What happens to your metabolic rate when you exercise?

A

You need energy when you exercise so your metabolic rate goes up during exercise and stays high for some time after you finish

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6
Q

What are the 7 food groups of a healthy diet?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fats
  • Fibre
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of microbes?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Virus
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8
Q

How do harmful pathogens cause disease?

A
  • Destroy cells

- Release harmful chemicals called toxins

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9
Q

What are the 3 ways your cells do to protect against pathogens?

A
  • Engulf them and digest them
  • Produce antibodies
  • Produce antitoxins
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10
Q

Describe the process of producing antibodies

A
  • Every invading cell has a surface made up of antigens
  • Your WBC’s don’t recognise the cell and produce many proteins called antibodies
  • The antibodies are specific to the antigens
  • The WBC’s remember and recognise the invading cell so if it is it attack again, it knows what antibodies to release
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11
Q

Describe a vaccination

A
  • Dead or inactive pathogens are injected
  • -WBC’s release antibodies to attack the pathogen
  • If active pathogens attack then your WBC’s know how to respond
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12
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells

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13
Q

What are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle?

A

*Stage 1- Day 1 is where the bleeding starts, the uterus lining breaks down for about 4 days
*Stage 2- Day 4 to day 14, the lining of the uterus builds up again and ready to receive a fertilised egg
*Stage 3- Day 14 an egg is released from the ovary
*Stage 4- Day 14 to about 28, the uterus wall is well maintained. If no fertilised egg lands, the lining breaks down again.
ITS A CYCLE

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14
Q

What is FSH (Follicle-Stimulating hormone) ?

A
  • Produced by the pituitary gland
  • Causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries
  • Stimulates the ovaries the produce oestrogen
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15
Q

What is Oestrogen?

A
  • Produced in the ovaries
  • Causes pituitary to produce LH
  • Inhibits the further release of FSH
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16
Q

What is LH (Luteinising hormone)

A
  • Produced by the pituitary gland

- Stimulates the release of an egg at about the middle of the cycle

17
Q

How does the oral contraceptive pill reduce fertility?

A
  • It contains oestrogen which prevents the release of an egg.
  • It also contains progesterone which stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus which prevents any sperm getting through to the egg
18
Q

What is the plant hormone that controls growth?

A

Auxin

19
Q

What is the plants response to light called?

A

Phototropism

20
Q

What is the plants response to gravity called?

A

Geotropism

21
Q

How does a plant grow towards light?

A
  • More auxin accumulates on the side in the shade and less in the actual sunlight due to auxin being destroyed by light.
  • This stimulates growth on the shaded side, causing the shoot to be elongated and pointed towards the light.
22
Q

How does a plant grow away from gravity?

A
  • As the stem is growing horizontally, here is an unequal distribution on auxin (more on the underside)
  • This causes the lower side to become elongated and grow against gravity
23
Q

How does a plant grow towards gravity?

A
  • As the stem is growing horizontally, there is an unequal distribution on auxin (more on the underside)
  • This causes the lower side to become elongated and grow downwards towards gravity.
24
Q

How does a plant grow towards moisture?

A
  • An uneven amount of moisture either side of a root, produces more auxin on the side with more moisture
  • This prevents the growth on that side, causing the root to bend in that direction, towards the moisture.
25
Q

What things in the body need to be at the right level?

A

-Ion content
-Water content
-Sugar content
Temperature

26
Q

What is ion content managed by?

A

The kidneys

27
Q

How are ions managed?-

A
  • Taken in from food to blood by kidneys
  • If too high, ions are taken out of blood and leaves in urine
  • Ions are lost in sweat
28
Q

How is water lost?

A
  • Through skin as sweat
  • Via lungs as breath
  • Via the kidneys as urine
29
Q

How is body temperature controlled?

A

Temperature is controlled by the brain

30
Q

How is the right level of blood sugar controlled?

A
  • Exercise removes glucose

- Insulin (hormone) maintains the right level so your cells get a constant supply of energy

Core Science (3 decks)

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