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Biology B1 > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five food groups?

A 
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Fibre
Vitamins and Minerals
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2
Q

Which two food groups release energy?

A

Carbs and Fats

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3
Q

What is the job of Fibre?

A

To keep everything moving smoothly in your digestive system

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4
Q

What is your metabolism?

A

Chemical reactions in the body

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5
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The speed at which chemical reactions occur in the body

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6
Q

What are 5 Factors which effect your metabolic rate?

A 
Amount of muscle or fat
size
gender
genetics
exercise
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7
Q

If you do a more active job you need more….

A

Energy

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8
Q

When is a person malnourished?

A

When their diet is out of balance

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9
Q

Excess carbohydrates or fat causes?

A

Obesity

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10
Q

Name four health problems that can arise from being obese

A 
Arthritis
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart Disease
Also some kinds of cancer
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11
Q

Too much saturated fat causes what?

A

Increased blood cholesterol

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12
Q

Too much salt causes what?

A

High blood pressure and Heart problems

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13
Q

Name 4 problems caused by missing food groups in a diet

A

slow growth, fatigue, poor resistance to infection and irregular periods in women

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14
Q

What does a lack of vitamin C causes?

A

Scurvy

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15
Q

What does exercise boost?

A

metabolic rate

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16
Q

What inherited factor causes a low metabolic rate?

A

Underactive Thyroid gland

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17
Q

What two things help you loss weight?

A

eat less fat or carbs (take in less energy)

Do more exercise (use more energy)

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18
Q

What are the two main types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria and Viruses

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19
Q

What size are bacteria compared to body cells?

A

1/100th

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20
Q

What size are viruses compared to bacterium

A

1/100th

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21
Q

What two things do bacteria do to make you feel ill?

A

Damage your cells and produce toxins

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22
Q

How do viruses do to damage your cells?

A

replicate themselves by invading a cell and using the cells machinery to produce copies, the cell then breaks and release all the new viruses

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23
Q

What three things in your respiratory tract help defend against diseases?

A

Skin, Hairs and mucus

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24
Q

What does platelets do to seal cuts?

A

They clot

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25
Q

What are the three ways white blood cells destroy microbes?

A

Consume them, produce Antibodies, produce Antitoxins

26
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins

27
Q

What does the MMR vaccine protect against?

A

Measles, mumps and rubella

28
Q

What do vaccines contain?

A

Dead or inactive versions of a microorganism

29
Q

What do vaccines allow your white blood cells to do?

A

learn what antibodies to produces for that type of microorganism

30
Q

What are two positives to vaccination?

A

Help to control infectious diseases, can prevent epidemics

31
Q

What are two negatives to vaccination?

A

Don’t always work, can cause bad reactions

32
Q

Name three ways your immune system defends your body against disease

A

Skin, hair and mucus in your respiratory tract
platelets clot the blood to seal wounds
White blood cells consume, produce antibodies and antitoxins

33
Q

Name a bacteria which has developed resistance to the flu

A

MRSA

34
Q

What practice did Semmelweis introduce in the 1840s?

A

Washing hands with antiseptics

35
Q

Describe the structure of the CNS and what it does

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord. Coordinates the responses and is sent all the information in the body

36
Q

What is the purpose of a reflex arc?

A

Helps to prevent injury

37
Q

Where would you find the smell receptor?

A

Nose

38
Q

Where would you find the pressure receptor?

A

Skin

39
Q

Describe the pathway of a reflex arc

A 
Stimulus is detected by receptor
impulse sent along a sensory neurone
crosses a synapse with the relay neurone
synapse between relay and motor neurone
impulse reaches the effector
response
40
Q

Explain how a synapse works

A

Nerve signal is transferred to chemicals
chemical diffuse across the gap
chemicals set off a new electrical signal to the next neurone

41
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Connection between two neurones

42
Q

Define hormone

A

Chemical messages which travel in the blood to activate target cells

43
Q

If a action is fast and lasts for a short amount of time is it a nerve or hormone?

A

Nerve

44
Q

If a action is slow and acts for a long amount of time is it nerve or hormone?

A

Hormones

45
Q

Name two glands where hormones are secreted from

A

Pituitary gland and Ovaries

46
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

FSH and LH

47
Q

What three hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH, Oestrogen and LH

48
Q

What two things does FSH do?

A

Causes eggs to mature and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

49
Q

What two things does Oestrogen do?

A

Cases the pituitary gland to produce LH and inhibits the release of FSH

50
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates the release of an egg at around the middle of the menstrual cycle

51
Q

What is a positive to the Contraceptive pill?

A

99% effective at preventing pregnancy and reduces the risk of some cancer

52
Q

What is a negative to the contraceptive pill?

A

Isn’t 100% effective, can cause side effects and doesn’t protect against STDs

53
Q

What does the combined pill contain?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

54
Q

What is one way to increase fertility?

A

Injection containing FSH and LH

55
Q

Explain IVF

A

Eggs are collected after injections of FSH and LH have increased the woman’s egg production and fertilised with the mans sperm in a lab, once the embryos are tiny balls of cells they are transferred to the woman’s uterus.

56
Q

Name a plant growth hormone

A

Auxin

57
Q

How does Auxin cause shoots to grow towards light and roots to grow towards gravity?

A

In shoots auxin increases growth so it collects on the shaded side so the shoot curves towards the light. IN roots auxin inhibits grow, so it collects on the bottom of the root and stops it from growing so it curves down into the earth.

58
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

Constant internal environment

59
Q

What is ion content regulated by?

A

Kidneys

60
Q

What is body temperature regulated by?

A

The brain

61
Q

What hormone regulates blood sugar level?

A

Insulin

Biology B1 (1 decks)

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