B1

Question 1

What is being healthy?

Answer 1

Being free of any infection or disease

Question 2

What is being fit?

Answer 2

A measure of how well you can perform physical tasks

Question 3

What are the factors that can increase a persons blood pressure?

Answer 3

Smoking
Being overweight
Stress
Drinking too much alcohol

Question 4

What is more likely to happen if a person has high blood pressure?

Answer 4

Having a heart attack
Having a stroke
Suffering from kidney damage

Question 5

How can low blood pressure cause health problems?

Answer 5

It causes poor circulation

The tissues don’t get all the food and oxygen they need

Question 6

How does smoking increase a persons blood pressure?

Answer 6

Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells restricting the amount of oxygen they can carry, therefore the heart rate has to increase so that the tissues can get enough oxygen, which increases the blood pressure

Nicotine also increases the heart rate as the heart contracts more often, increasing the blood pressure

Question 7

How can saturated fats increase the blood pressure?

Answer 7

The liver makes cholesterol out of saturated fats which is then carried in the blood and deposited in the artery walls. This narrows the arteries, restricting the blood flow. This makes the blood pressure increase as the blood has to be forced through the narrower gap

Question 8

How can high salt levels increase a persons blood pressure?

Answer 8

Eating too much salt can cause high blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of damage to the arteries

Question 9

What is thrombosis?

Answer 9

A blood clot

Question 10

What are the essential nutrients the body needs?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates 
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
(Fibre)

Question 11

Why do we need to eat carbohydrates?

Where is it stored?

Answer 11

To give us energy

It is stored in the liver as glycogen or converted to fats

Question 12

Why do we need to eat proteins?

Answer 12

For growth and repair

Question 13

Why do we need to eat fat?

Where is it stored?

Answer 13

To give us energy

It is stored under the skin and around the organs

Question 14

Why do we need to drink water?

Answer 14

To prevent dehydration

To replace any lost water through tears, urine, faeces

Question 15

Why do we need to eat vitamins and minerals?

Answer 15

Vitamin C (a vitamin) prevents scurvy
Iron (a mineral) makes haemoglobin

Question 16

How do you calculate the EAR (estimated average requirement) for protein?

Answer 16

EAR in g = 0.6 x body mass in kg

Question 17

What happens if a person does not get enough protein?

Answer 17

Kwashiorkor disease- children in developing countries get it, they have very this arms and legs and a swollen stomach. Their bodies can’t fight infections very well

Question 18

What are the health risks of being obese?

Answer 18

Heart disease
Diabetes
Arthrisis
Breast cancer

Question 19

How do you calculate a person BMI?

Answer 19

Body mass in kg divided by height in metres, squared

Question 20

What are the four types of pathogens?

Answer 20

Fungi - e.g athletes foot
Bacteria - e.g cholera
Virus - e.g flu
Protozoa - e.g dysentery

Question 21

What are infectious diseases caused by?

Answer 21

Microorganisms

Question 22

What are non-infectious diseases caused by?

Answer 22

Vitamin deficiency (e.g scurvy)
Mineral deficiency (e.g anaemia)
Body disorder (e.g diabetes)
Genetic inheritance (e.g colour blindness)

Question 23

How is cancer caused?

Answer 23

Body cells dividing out of control

Question 24

What is a tumour?

Answer 24

An abnormal mass of body cells

Question 25

Name the two types of tumour

Answer 25

Benign- where the tumour grows until there is no room (these cells stay where they are - they aren’t usually dangerous)

Malignant- where the tumour grows and spreads to other parts of the body (this type is dangerous and can be fatal)

Question 26

How can a person reduce the risk of cancer?

Answer 26

Avoid eating too much fat and becoming overweight
Eat plenty of fruit and veg
Take regular exercise
Avoid drinking too much alcohol

Question 27

How can physical fitness be measured?

Answer 27

Stamina 
Strength
Flexibility
Speed 
Cardiovascular efficiency