B1 Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cell
Simple cell without a nucleus - DNA is free in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic Cell
A type of cell that has a nucleus
Eukaryotic Cell size
5 - 100 hm
Prokaryotic Cell size
0.2 - 2hm
Eukaryotic Cell division
Mitosis
Prokaryotic Cell division
Binary Fission
Prokaryotic Cell organelles
Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Cell Wall, Ribosomes
Magnification Triangle
I - Image
A - Actual Size
M - Magnification
Adaptations of effective exchange surfaces
Large Surface Area,
A Short Distance Required For Diffusion,
Blood capillaries for blood transportation (surrounding each alveolus in the lungs and each villus in the small intestine).
Breathing brings air to, and removes air from the alevoli - the exchange surface.
Moving blood and ventilation mean a steep concentration gradient can be maintained, thereby increasing efective exchange.
Lysis
Animal Cell.
More water outside than inside the cell.
The water enters by osmosis.
Because there is no cell wall, the cell swells up and bursts.
Crenation
Animal Cell.
More water outside than inside the cell.
The water exits the cell.
This causes the cell to shrink and burst.
Turgid
Plant Cell.
More water outisde than inside the cell.
The water enters the cell through osmosis.
The cell takes in the water until the cytoplasm and nucleus push up to the cell membrane.
The cell becomes turgid - swollen.
Plasmolysed.
More water inside than outside the cell.
Water exits the cell through osmosis.
Because of the lack of water, the cell becomes plasmolysed - the cell membrane will separate from the cell wall and the vacuole will shrink.
Osmosis
The process by which water passes through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution with a low concentration to on with a high concentration.
