B1

Question 1

How has microscopy techniques developed overtime

Question 2

State the difference of magnification in light and electron microscope

Answer 2

Light microscopes magnify up to x2000 whereas electron microscope magnify up to x2,000,000.

Question 3

State the difference of resolution in light and electron microscopes.

Answer 3

Light microscopes have a resolving power of about 200nm whereas electron microscopes have a resolving power of about 0.2mm

Question 4

How do you calculate the magnification, real size & image of specimen. ?

Answer 4

Magnification = image size / size of real object

Question 5

What one the main parts of an animal cell?

Answer 5

-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane
-ribosome
-mitochondria

Question 6

what are the main parts of a plant cell?

Answer 6

-nucleus
-ribosome
-cell membrane
-mitochondria
-cytoplasm
-vacuole
-chloroplast
-cell wall

Question 7

what is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 7

Controls all the activity of the cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
Contains genes on the chromosome that carry out instructions for making the proteins needed to build new cells/organisms.

Question 8

What is cytoplasm and what’s its role?

Answer 8

• A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended.
• most chemical reaction takes place there.

Question 9

What’s the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

• controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions.
• also controls the movement of substances such as urea or hormones out of the cell.

Question 10

What’s the role of mitochondria?

Answer 10

• Mitochondria is a structure in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.

Question 11

What is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Where protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed for the cell.

Question 12

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 12

Strengthens the cell and supports the cell and gives it support

Question 13

What is the role of chloroplasts?

Answer 13

Found in all green parts of a plant.
Absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis.

Question 14

What is the role of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 14

Space in cytoplasm filled with cell sap to keep cell rigid to support the plant.

Question 15

Give examples of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 15

Animal and plant cells.

Question 16

What do eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 16

• A cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• generic material enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 17

Give examples of prokaryotes

Answer 17

Bacteria

Question 18

What do prokaryotic cells consist of?

Answer 18

• Cytoplasm
  -cell membrane
• cell wall
• genetic material not in distinct nucleus.
• may contain one or more extra small ring of DNA called plasmids.

Question 19

How is the nerve cell specialised to carry out functions?

Answer 19

• Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
• an axon that carries the nerve impulse from one place to another
• synapses adapted to pass impulse to another
  Cell. (They contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed to make transmitter chemicals.)

Question 20

How are muscle cells specialised to carry out their function?

Answer 20

• They contain special proteins that slide over eachother making the fibres contract
• they contain many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for the chemical reactions to take place as the cells contract and relax.
  -they can store glycogen, a chemical that can be broken down and used in cellular respiration by the mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for the fibres to contract.

Question 21

How are sperm cells specialised to carry out their function?

Answer 21

• Long tail whips from side to side to help cell swim through water or female reproductive system.
• middle section full of mitochondria, which transfers energy needed for the tail to work.
• acrosome stores digestive enzymes to break down the outer layers of the egg cell
  -large nucleus which contains genetic information.