B1 Flashcards
Mono and Dicots
Leaves
Veins
Stamens
M
thin narrow
parallel
3s
D.
Broad
Branching
4s 5s
Cells Functions
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cellulose Cell Wall
PVacuole
Rough ER
Smooth ER
N. Stores genetic material. Controls all activities in cell
CM. Partially permeable. Forms a barrier between cell and surroundings. Contains cell content within
Cy - Site of reactions
Ribosomes - Synthesizing proteins
Mitochondria- Producing ATP
Chloroplast - Photosynthesis. Storage of starch
CCW - Gives shape of cell. Prevents cells from bursting. Partially permeable allowing dissolved substances
Permanent vacuole - Stores salts and sugars
Fills with water to maintain shape
RER - Packages and transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes
SER - Synthesizing and storing lipids
Specialized Cells - Functions and Adaptations
Ciliated Cell
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Sperm Cell
Egg Cell
C - F- Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
- A - Have hair-like extensions known as cillia which beat to move trapped mucus
R - F - Transporting oxygen
-A -
Biconcave,
contain haemoglobin,
no nucleus
N - F - Sending electrial impulses throughout the body
-A
Long and thin to facilate quick transport
Contain dendrites to allow for communication between them
Axon is insulated with a myelin sheath to speed up transmissions of signals
S
F- Reproduction
A-
Acrosome contains digestive enzymes to break through egg membrane
Mid piece contains several mitochondria to give energy for movement
Tail allows for swimming
Has a haploid nucleus
Egg Cell
F - Reproduction
A-
Contains cytoplasm to give nutrition to the embryo
Haploid nucleus
Cell membrane changes after fertilisation to prevent more sperm
Balanced Diet and reasons
Carbs - Energy
Fat- Energy, Insulation
Protein - Growth
Minerals - Maintain health
Vitamins - Maintain health
Fibre - Prevents constipation
Water - Facilitates many reactions
Buildup of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins and water
Elements
Micromolecules
Carbs - COH. Simple sugars, Disaccharides
Lipids - COH - Glycerol - Fatty acid chains
Proteins - COHN@ - Amino Acids
Water - H2O - Polar bonds
Food Tests, Substrate, Test method, Result
Benedicts (Reducing sugars), 1/2 Boiling water, 1/2 benedicts, solution.
Blue - green/orange/brick red
Biuret (protein) Drop. Lilac- Blue
Iodine (starch) Drop, Brown - Blue/black
Ethanol E (fats) Fill a test tube with ethanol and substrate and shake. Clear - cloudly/ milky emulsion forms
DNA. Name, Buildup, Bonds
Deoxyribonucleicacid
Ribose sugar, phosphate, base pair= Nucleotide
Adenine - Thymine, Cytosine - Guanine
Enzyme definition and factors affecting aswell as hypotheses
A protein biological catalyst within the body which increases rate of reaction without changing in the process.
Temperature, increases then optimum, then denatures and decreases
Each has optimum pH
Induced fit, enzymes are complementary and mould to fit the substrate
lock and key, each enzyme is specific to each substrate and can not change
Photosynthesis - Definition Equations and factors
The reaction within a plant which changes carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy trapped by chlorophyll.
Carbon Dioxide + Water —> Glucose + Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Factors
Water avail/Vol
CO2 Avail / Conc
Light intensity / wavelength
Temperature
Humidity
Structure and functions of a leafs parts
Waxy Cuticle - Prevents water loss but allows light through
Upper Epidermis - Transparent to allow light through, Protects from pathogens
Palisade Mesophyll -Several chloroplasts to absorb light
Spongy mesophyll - Large air spaces to allow gas circulation, (CO2) to diffuse to leaves for photosynthesis. Few chloroplasts
Lower Epidermis - Has stomata to allow Carbon dioxide into the leaf. Guard cells close when conditions for photosynthesis are not favorable to prevent water loss.
Xylem - Brings water up to the leaves
Phloem - Transports productions of photosynthesis and other materials around the plant
Minerals in Plant Growth
Magnesium - Production of chloroplasts allowing for green leaves and growth
Deficiency - Stunted growth, yellow leaves
Nitrates - formation of amino acids which become proteins for growth
Deficiency - poor growth
