Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > b1 > Flashcards

b1 Flashcards

cell biology and transport

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are two types of eukaryotic cell?

A

animal and plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cell are bacteria?

A

prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

A

in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

strengthens and supports the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

single loop of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

A

electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

carries oxygen around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell.

A

no nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disc shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

carries electrical impulses around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell.

A

branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

fertilises an ovum (egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell.

A

tail, contains lots of mitochondria.

17
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

18
Q

Give two adaptations in a palisade cell.

A

lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf

19
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

absorbs minerals and water from the soil

20
Q

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell.

A

long projection, lots of mitochondria

21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient - this is a passive process (does not require energy from respiration)

22
Q

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

A

concentration gradient, temperature, membrane surface area

23
Q

How are villi adapted for exchanging surfaces?

A
  • long and thin – increases surface area
  • one-cell-thick membrane – short diffusion pathway
  • good blood supply – maintains a steep concentration gradient
24
Q

How are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A
  • alveoli – large surface area
  • moist membranes – increases rate of diffusion
  • one-cell-thick membranes – short diffusion pathway
  • good blood supply – maintains a steep concentration gradient
25
Q

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A
  • large surface area for gases to diffuse across
  • thin layer of cells – short diffusion pathway
  • good blood supply – maintains a steep concentration gradient
26
Q

What is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a
concentrated solution through a partially permeable
membrane

27
Q

Give one example of osmosis in a plant.

A

water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

28
Q

What is active transport?

A

movement of particles against a concentration
gradient – from a dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution – using energy from respiration

29
Q

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

A

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than
inside the root hair cells – the mineral ions must move
against the concentration gradient to enter the root
hair cells

30
Q

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

A

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar
in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of
sugar in the blood

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions