B1

Question 1

what is the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 1

phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

what is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 2

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 3

what is an adaptation of the cell membrane that allows it to carry out its function

Answer 3

selectively permeable

Question 4

describe the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

hydrophillic head
hydrophobic tails
bilayer (two layers where legs in the middle and heads top and bottom)

Question 5

what does the cytoplasm mainly consist of

Answer 5

mainly composed of water, salts and proteins

Question 6

what is inside the cytoplasm

Answer 6

everything contained within the cell and outside the nucleus

Question 7

what is the function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

provides a medium for cell activities and chemical reactions to take place

Question 8

what is the structure of the nuclear envelope

Answer 8

double membrane perforated with pores

Question 9

what is the structure of the nucleolus

Answer 9

densest part of nucleus

Question 10

what is the function of the nucleolus

Answer 10

synthesises ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 11

what is the function of the nucleoplasm

Answer 11

medium for chemical reactions to occur

Question 12

what is the structure of chromatin

Answer 12

mass of long thread-like structures made up of DNA and protein

Question 13

what is the function of chromatin

Answer 13

controls cell activities like cell division

Question 14

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 14

• encloses genetic material in the form of DNA
• controls cell activities such as cell growth and repair of worn-out parts
• essential for cell division

Question 15

what is the structure of the mitochondria

Answer 15

smooth outer membrane, highly folded inner membrane with infoldings (cristae)

Question 16

what is the purpose of the mitochondria structure

Answer 16

to increase surface area

Question 17

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 17

synthesises ATP from the oxidation of food substances via aerobic respiration to provide energy for cell activities

Question 18

why does the mitochondria synthesise ATP

Answer 18

to provide energy for cell activities

Question 19

what is the cell wall composed of

Answer 19

composed of cellulose

Question 20

what type of cells can you find the cell wall in

Answer 20

plant and prokaryotes

Question 21

what does the cell wall do

Answer 21

o supports and defines shape of plant cell
o protects cell from mechanical injury and invasion
o prevents excessive uptake of water

Question 22

what is the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 22

double membrane (chloroplast envelope)

Question 23

what are the components of the chloroplast envelope

Answer 23

inner membrane

outer membrane

Question 24

what occurs in the chloroplasts

Answer 24

site of photosynthesis

Question 25

what is photosynthesis

Answer 25

the process by which plants make food

Question 26

describe photosynthesis

Answer 26

uses water and carbon dioxide as raw materials to produce oxygen and glucose in the presence of light converts solar energy to chemical energy

Question 27

what is the vacuole structure

Answer 27

large central vacuole containing cell sap surrounded by tonoplast (single membrane)

Question 28

what is the vacuole function

Answer 28

o storage of organic compounds and inorganic ions o disposal site for toxic metabolic by-products o contains pigments o cell growth and elongation as water accumulates

Question 29

in a prokaryotic cell, what is the cell wall composed of

Answer 29

composed of peptidoglycan, more complex than eukaryotic cells

Question 30

what is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells

Answer 30

o helps maintain cell shape | o protects the cell from osmotic lysis

Question 31

what is the form DNA takes in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 31

o no membrane-bound nucleus, o genetic material (DNA) resides in region of nucleoid o single, circular, double-stranded DNA

Question 32

what is the function of DNA within a prokaryotic cell

Answer 32

contains essential genes required for survival

Question 33

what is the structure of the plasmid

Answer 33

small, circular, double-stranded extrachromosomal DNA

Question 34

what is the function of the plasmid

Answer 34

contains beneficial genes which confer protective traits (e.g. antibiotic resistance, toxin synthesis and enzyme production)

Question 35

what are the protective traits of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 35

antibiotic resistance toxin synthesis enzyme production

Question 36

what are the purpose of cells

Answer 36

specialised for a particular function

Question 37

what is tissue

Answer 37

group of cells with similar structures which work together to perform a specific function

Question 38

what is simple tissue

Answer 38

Simple tissue: a group of cells of the same kind

Question 39

what are examples of simple tissue

Answer 39

e.g. muscular tissue, epithelial tissue

Question 40

what is complex tissue

Answer 40

Complex tissue: contains more than one type of cells

Question 41

what are examples of complex tissue

Answer 41

blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 42

what is an organ

Answer 42

contains more than one type of tissue, all working together for a specific function (e.g. stomach)

Question 43

what is an organ system

Answer 43

consists of several organs working together for a common purpose (e.g. digestive system)

Question 44

what are the inner foldings of the mitochondria known as

Answer 44

cristae

Question 45

how is ATP formed

Answer 45

from the oxidation of food substances via aerobic respiration

Question 46

how are food substances oxidised by the mitochonrdia

Answer 46

aerobic respiration