B. Professionalism and leadership Flashcards
What are the conditions for GSL sale?
- They must to sold or supplied in a place which acn close as to exclude the public
- Have an MA (or equiv for herbal & homeophathic)
- immediate and outer packaging made elsewhere to where it is sold , supplied.
- Outer packaging must remained unopened since being made up for sale.
What is the definition of a P med?
any medicinal product which neither a POM or GSL
What is evidence-based medicine?
the integration of best medical research, clinical expertise and patient’s values
What is the framework for a randomised control trial?
P-population and their characterstics
I- intervention, something that is used to treat, cure, prevent a condition
C-other group/ control group is measured against the intervention
O-outcomes, what happened
How do you remember Accuracy and Prescision
aCcuracy=correct
pRecision=Repitition
What are the legal requirements for a prescription?
- Signature of prescriber
- Address of prescriber
- Date
- Particulars of prescriber
- Name of the patient
- address of the patient
- Age of the patient (if under 12)
What are the legal requirements for labels on dispensed medicines?
- Name of med + strength
- Directions and dose
Name of patient and date
- name + address of pharmacy
- KOORSAROC
- Precautions: BNF cautionary and advice labels
- Additional labels
What are some additional labels to be put on a dipensed medicine label?
Only use this medicine on your skin - for ALL SKIN products
Not to be taken- for ALL NON-SKIN products that are NOT to be
swallowed
Shake the bottle- for ALLL LIQUID meds
Process for disensing medicines
- Name
- Strength
- Quantity/ pack size
- Dosage form
- Date
- Contents aren’t tampered with + PIL
- Stored in fridge? CD cupboard
- Extra tools in sundries?
Accuracy check of labels and meds
- Name
- Form
- strength
- quantity
- Patient’s name
- Wrong directions/dose
- Missing BNF warnings or wrong BNF wanings
- Transposed labels
- Wrong spelling
Clinical check
** Patient characteristics**
* Patient type-children, pregnant/ breastfeeding, certain ethnic groups, gender
* Co-morbilities
* patient intolerances or preferences
** Medication regimen**
* Name, strength, form, quantity, dose + frequency
* consideration of age, weight, SA, co-morbilities
* Interactions- with other meds-POMs or OTCs and food and drink
Main types of law
- Statutory Law
- Common Law
Explain Statutory Law and Common Law
- Statutory Law- deeloped by parliament
- Common Law- a body of law based on legal precedents in courts
Other types of Law other than the main 2
- Civil Law- between 2 individuals/ an individual and an org/ org and org
- Adminstrative Law- between public bodies, public bodies and their subcontractors
- Criminal Law- state against individual
- Professional Law- state against professional
State and explain the two types of consent
- Explicit- directly given
- Implied- indirectly given
Typical sanctions or penalties for breaking each law
- Criminal- prison, fine, community service
- Civil- prosecution, compensation
- Adminstrative- Loss of remuneration, loss of contract
- Professional- removal from register
Criteria needed for consent to be valid
- Given voluntarily
- Informed
- Capacity
- Specific to one intervention/treatment
- Consent cannot to be presumed based on any previous occasion
Define capacity
The ability to use and understand information to make a decision and communicate any decision made.
To make an informed decision a person should be able to…
- Understand, remember, use and weigh up the info given
- communicate their decision to the HCP
confidentiality of young people
- encourage young people to involve their parents in decisions
- respect a competent young person’s request for confidentiality
Capacity with children
- Children are not presumed to have capacity to consent
- if competent then HCP doesn’t need consent from person with parental responsibility
Children or young people without capacity
- a person with parental responsibility can consent on their behalf
Consent in emergencies where HCP cannot get consent
- HCP can provide treatment which is in the best interests of patient’s and is needed to save their life or prevent deterioration of their condion. (regarless of who- child adult, young person)
- UNLESS their is an advance decision to refuse a particular treatment
Types of confidential info
- electronic/hard copy data
- personal details
- info about a person’s meds ( prescribed or non)
- other info about medical history, treatment or care that could identify them
- non-medical information
How to protect info
- access confidential info ONLY as part of providing care or under law
- everyone in HC setting carries out duty of confidentiality
- raise concern, if the security of the data is not appropriate, to data controller or other authority
- not be careless with people’s info
- don’t store longer than necesaary
- not discuss with anyone not involved
- not brandish on the internet
When you can breach confidentiality
- with consent from person-may also be with their consent within a healthcare team
- by law-communicable disease reporting, birth/deaths, abortions, court order
- in public interest-prevent serious harm, serious crime, informing DVLA to unsafe to drive, communicable disseases
- interest of the patient- if vital
How to make records of confidential info disclosure
- who the request/disclosure came from
- did they request for consent
- was consent give or refused
- what they disclosed
- how was the disclosure made securely
- under which lawful authority or provision was the request/ disclosure made
If disclosing confidential info with consent from the patient, you must ensure the patient understands…
- what will be disclosed
- who the info is disclosed to
- why the disclosure
- consequences of disclosing or not
Medicines act (68) and HMR(2012)
- purpose to control safety, quality, and efficacy of medicinal products for human use.
- Some parts of Medicines act are kept because felt they didn’t need changing, these parts are not included in HMR, which is secondary legislation which sits on top of the act
Factors that affect profssional decision making
- Legal
- Ethical
- Clinical
Explain the legal factors that affect professional decision making
Legal
* Classification of meds/restrictions of sale/supply
* labels + prescriptions
* Data protection
* standards/public trust in HCP
Explain the Ethical factors that affect professional decision making
- Duty of Care and confidentiality (legal duties)
- Bioethical principles
What clinical factors affect professional decision making
- Med condition,symptoms and impact
- clinical suitablility of the med to the condition-formulation/side effects
- Is the person supplying, selling, prescribing suitable to do so
Explain the bioethical principles
- Autonomy-the rights of everyone involved
- Beneficience- to do something which benefits someone
- Non-maleficence- duty to not harm
Duty of care -medical negligence under civil law
Duty of candour when things go wrong - Justice- fairness to all
How to make a professional decision (long answer q)?
- Identify problem
- Gather key info
- Ascribe values/ which ones may be more important
- Suggest options
- Conclude with best solution and justify
clinically extra: make a record of the last point
