b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, z, c, s, zh, ch, sh, r Flashcards
b
unaspirated ‘p’, like the English ‘b’ but with a bit more pressure
p
as in English
m
as in English
f
as in English
d
unaspirated ‘t’, like the English ‘d’ but with a bit more pressure
t
as in English
n
as in English
l
as in English
g
unaspirated ‘k’, like the English ‘g’ but with a bit more pressure
k
as in English
h
like the English ‘h’ if followed by ‘a’; otherwise it is pronounced more roughly/guttural (not unlike the Scottish ‘ch’)
j
like zh, but not as ‘full’, about halfway between zh and z
q
like ch, but not as ‘full’, about halfway between ch and c, always followed by a y sound
x
think of hs or sy. Like sh, but not as ‘full’, about halfway between sh and s
zh
as in English ‘jungle’, but with more pressure (unaspirated counterpart of ch above)
ch
as in ‘chin’
sh
as in ‘shin’
r
similar to the English ‘r’ in ‘rank’ with a bit of an initial sound in it
z
like the ds in ‘reds’ but with more pressure (unaspirated counterpart of c above)
c
like ‘ts’ in cats
s
as in ‘sun’
