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Infectious Disease > B-Lactams, Quinolones, Macrolides and Ketolides > Flashcards

B-Lactams, Quinolones, Macrolides and Ketolides Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactam Antibiotic Classifications

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams

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2
Q

B-lactam Characteristics

A

mostly renally eliminated, most have short half-lives, most have poor cns penetration

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3
Q

Penicillin classifications

A

natural penicillins, antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicillins, b-lactamase inhibitor combinations

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4
Q

Natural penicillins

A

penicillin g, benzathinine and vk

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5
Q

antistaphylococcal penicillins

A

nafcillin, oxacilllin, methicillin (off market), doxloxacillin*

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6
Q

aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin, amoxicillin

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7
Q

carboxypenicillins

A

ticarcillin

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8
Q

ureidopenicillins

A

pipercillin

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9
Q

b-lactamase inhibitor combinations

A

amp/clav*, amp/sulb; ticar/clav; pip/tazo

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10
Q

Cephalosporin characteristic

A 
more stable (than b-lactams?) against b-lactamases = broader spectrum of activity
not active against most eslb's, enterococci and listeria
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11
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin

A

cefazolin, chephalexin, cefadroxil

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12
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporins used for

A

skin/ skin-structure, surgical prophalaxis, uti, endocarditis

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13
Q

1st Gen Cephalosprins used against

A

(gram +)

S. aureus (MSSA), Steptococci, E.Coli, Klebsiella

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14
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

A

cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefuroxime*, cefprozil

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15
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin used for

A

colorectal, urogenital, low/upper RTI

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16
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin used against

A

( enhanced gram - , enhanced anaerobe, sum gram +)
H. influenza ( penicillin resistant)
M. catarralis and Neisseria sp
Bacteroides sp. ( anaerobe)( including B. frag)
Proteus, Klebsiella.
Not as active at gram + as 1st gen

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17
Q

Cephalosporin that covers anaerobes below the waist

A

cefoxitin

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18
Q

cefoxitin used for

A

polymicrobial infections, intra-abdominal infections, gynecologic

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19
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporin w/ activity against MSSA/ strep/ gram -

A

Ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixime, cefotaxime

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20
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporin w/ activity against broad spectrum gram -

A

ceftazidime ( more stability agains “space bugs”/ PSAE)

21
Q

only cephalosporin with activity agains PSAE

A

ceftazidime

22
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin used for

A

NGPR( now DOC), meningitis (PRP), gram (-) sepsis/UTI/RTI (HAP), SSTI

23
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporin used against

A

(Enhanced gram (-), less gram (+) and anaerobic)
Serratia, Klebsiella, H. Influenza, Moraxella catarhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, S. Aureus, Strep pneu and pyogenes. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter - Space Bugs which have AMP-C which causes hydrolysis; drugs have variable activity to AMP-C

24
Q

B- lactam with longer half life

A

ceftriaxone

25
Q

B- lactams with good CNS penetration

A

ceftriaxone and cefotazime

26
Q

B- lactams NOT renally eliminated

A

nafcillin, oxacillin, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone

27
Q

1 Penicillin spectrum of activity

A

Streptococci, T.pallidum (syphilis)

28
Q

2 Antistaphylococcal penicillin spectrum

A

MSSA and strep

29
Q

3 Aminopenicillin spectrum

A

Strep, Enterococcus, Listeria, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, “wimpy” gram-negative bacteria

30
Q

4 Carboxypenicillins spectrum

A

more gram ( - ) including PSAE, E.coli, Proteus sp. Enterobacter sp. less gram (+)

31
Q

5 Ureidopenicillins spectrum

A

Enhanced gram (-) bacteria (PSAE), Serratia, streptocci, gram (+) not as good

32
Q

6 b-lactamase inhibitor

A

b-lactamase prodcuing strains of E.coli, Proteus sp. MSSA, H.flu. Neisseria, Bacteroides sp.

33
Q

B-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam, avibactam

34
Q

4th and 5th gen Cephalosporins

A

4- cefepime

5 - Ceftaroline - life cefepime but w/ MRSA

35
Q

4th and 5th gen Cephalosporins used for

A

(good gram - and gram +)
MSSA, strep, enterobacteriacecae, citrobacter, enterobacter,
NO- stenotrophomas, burkholderia

36
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem

37
Q

Carbapenems used for

A

drugs of choice for esbl’s and inducible amp-c producers

polymicrobial, HAP (not dori/erta), meningitis (mero)

38
Q

Carbapenems used against

A

MSSA, strep, enterobacteriaceae, citrobacter sp. enterobacter sp., stenotrophomonas, burkholderia sp, ESLB producers

39
Q

Which carbapenem does not cover PSAE or enterococcus

A

Ertapenem

40
Q

Monobactams

A

Aztreonam

broad spectrum gram (-) onlu similarly to ceftazifime

41
Q

Monobactam used for

A

penicillin allergic patients

42
Q

Quinolones

A

Norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

43
Q

Quinolones used against

A

all cover Enterobacteriaccea. Neisseria sp, moraxella, Haemophilus sp. Good gram negative

44
Q

Quinolones used against

A

MSSA, pneumococci covered by Levo, moxi, gemiflox

45
Q

Cirpofloxacin doent cover

A

S pneumonia

46
Q

Quinolones with no PSAE

A

moxi and gemi

47
Q

Quinolone good for anaerobes

A

moxi

48
Q

Aytipicals? Quinolones

A

cipro, levo, moxi, gemi

49
Q

Best quinolones for PSAE

A

cipro> levaquin

Infectious Disease (1 decks)

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