B. Immune Suppression

Question 1

Example of immune suppression in which there is polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia where antibodies lack specificity against these parasites.

Answer 1

Filarial infections with Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

Question 2

Example of immune suppression in which the immune response is directed against the deeper layer of its cuticle but the immune response is diverted to the rapidly changing surface of its integument

Answer 2

Necator americanus infection

Question 3

Example of immune suppression in which the immune complexes are produced which suppress inflammatory response through inhibition of complement activity

Answer 3

Cysticercus cellulosae infection

Question 4

Example of immune suppression in which the compliment cannot participate in the destruction of the parasite since the complement is consumed by the soluble antigens of Schistosoma spp.

Answer 4

Schistosoma spp. infection

Question 5

It is a parasite evasion mechanism in which the major mechanism of possibly evading the host immune surveillance is by altering its surface proteins to avoid identification

Answer 5

Antigenic variation

Question 6

Example of antigenic variation in which the parasites change the antigenic profile of their surface coat through variant surface glycoproteins

Answer 6

Tripanosoma brucei infection

Question 7

A parasite in which provide an example of antigenic variation in which the surface protein variation has also been observed

Answer 7

Giardia lamblia

Question 8

A parasite in which provide an example of antigenic variation in which the surface protein variation has also been observed

Answer 8

Giardia lamblia

Question 9

This malarial parasites exhibit antigenic diversity through repeat variation of the encoded polypeptides which contain tandem sequences of amino acids as observed in merozoite surface antigen and ring erythrocyte surface antigen

Answer 9

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 10

This malarial parasites exhibit antigenic diversity through repeat variation of the encoded polypeptides which contain tandem sequences of amino acids as observed in merozoite surface antigen and ring erythrocyte surface antigen

Answer 10

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 11

A parasite evasion mechanism in which similarities of the parasite and the host enables the parasite to avoid the host immune response. Antibodies produced against the parasite then fail to recognize non-self from self antigens.

Answer 11

Host mimicry

Question 12

Example of host mimicry in which the hydatid cyst has been found to carry p blood group antigen

Answer 12

Larval stage of echinococcus granulosus

Question 13

Example of host mimicry in which the hydatid cyst has been found to carry p blood group antigen

Answer 13

Larval stage of echinococcus granulosus

Question 14

Example of host mimicry in which the tegument of this parasite can acquire antigenic molecules from the host

Answer 14

Schistosoma spp.

Question 15

An example of parasite evasion mechanism in which ones the intracellular parasite escape immune response

Answer 15

Intracellular sequestration

Question 16

This parasites proliferate in macrophages of various organs

Answer 16

Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

Question 17

Example of parasite under intracellular sequestration in which can multiply in macrophages and other nucleated cells

Answer 17

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 18

The adverse effect of immune response in host can cause by hyperactivity or hypoactivity

Answer 18

Hyperactivity

Question 19

Acute infection of this parasite can lead to heart failure and meningoencephalitis it is believed to cause by intense immune response damaging the surrounding nerve cells and myocytes

Answer 19

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 20

This parasite can cause overproduction of Igm or polyclonal hypergammaglubolenemia due to T-surpressor cell defect, it can also cause large number of immune complexes in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Answer 20

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 21

During recurrent infections of this parasite, immune complexes are associated with hyperactive malarious splenomegaly

Answer 21

Plasmodium spp.

Question 22

This parasite can cause immune complexes to be deposited in the basement membrane of glomeruli leading to kidney failure and nephrotic syndrome it can also occur in Schistosomiasis

Answer 22

Plasmodium malariae

Question 23

Late intraerytrocytic sequestration of this parasite and their attachment to endothelial cells is protective to the parasite but believed to be the cause of cerebral malaria

Answer 23

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 24

In many clinical manifestation this parasites are related to the immune response to the eggs trap in the organ of the host, it can results in hepatosplenomegaly, fibrosis, increase portal hypertension and esophageal varices, can also increase the levels of its antigen in immune complexes can produce a condition like serum sickness

Answer 24

Schistosoma spp.

Question 25

This parasite is the cause of t delayed type of hypersensitivity lymphocytes when stimulated as in schistosoma infection it can produce attractants of other cells that can recruit other cells to form a granuloma around schistosoma

Answer 25

Schistosoma species

Question 26

What are the four type of reactions when it comes to immune response in the host

Answer 26

Type 1 immediate type hypersensitivity
Type 2 immune complex formation
Type 3 cytotoxic reactions of antibody
Type 4 delayed type hypersensitivity

Question 27

This is what you called to unicellular protozoa

Answer 27

Protozoan

Question 28

This is what you called to multicellular protozoa

Answer 28

Metazoans

Question 29

Two layer of cytoplasm of protozoans

Answer 29

Ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question 30

Infective stage of Protozoa

Answer 30

Cyst

Question 31

Vegetative stage of Protozoa

Answer 31

Trophozoite

Question 32

Is a pseudopod forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite.

Answer 32

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 33

It is the most invasive of the Entamoeba parasites

Answer 33

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 34

What is the two stages of life cycle of E. histolytica

Answer 34

Infective Cyst
Invasive Trophozoite

Question 35

2 ways which trophozoites can be passed

Answer 35

Unusual sexual practice
Uncleaned instruments

Question 36

Occurs in the small or large bowel, where a cyst undergoes nuclear followed by cytoplasmic division to form eight trophozoites.

Answer 36

Excystation

Question 37

It lacks of organelles that morphologically resemble mitochondria.

Answer 37

E. histolytica

Question 38

Modes of transmission of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 38

Fecal oral contact

Question 39

True or false
The e. histolytica trophozoites is motile and possess pseudopodia

Answer 39

True

Question 40

E. histolytica trophozoites adhere to the colonic mucosa through what type of special protein

Answer 40

Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal lectin)

Question 41

E. histolytica trophozoites adhere to the colonic mucosa through what type of special protein

Answer 41

Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal lectin)