b) Atomic orbitals, electronic configurations and the periodic table Flashcards
In atoms Electrons behave as
standing (stationary) waves
What are Standing Waves
waves that vibrate
in time but do not move in space.
What are orbitals?
There are different sizes and shapes of standing wave
possible around the nucleus
Orbitals can hold a maximum of how many electrons?
2
What are the different shapes of orbitals?
s,p,d,f
What is a Quanta
The fixed amount of energy an electron in an atom has
What are the 4 quantum numbers
♦ the principal quantum number - n
♦ the angular momentum quantum number - l
♦ the magnetic quantum number - m
♦ the spin magnetic quantum number - ms
What is the principle Quantum Number?
indicates the main energy level for an electron and is
related to the size of the orbital
What is the angular momentum quantum number?
determines the shape of the subshell and
can have values from zero to n −1
What is the magnetic quantum number
determines the orientation of the orbital and can
have values between −l and + l
What is the spin magnetic quantum number
determines the direction of spin and can have
values of +1/2 or -1/2
State the aufbau principle
electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy
State the Hund’s rule
when degenerate orbitals are available, electrons fill each singly,
keeping their spins parallel before spin pairing starts
State the Pauli exclusion principle
no two electrons in one atom can have the same set of
four quantum numbers, therefore, no orbital can hold more than two electrons and
these two electrons must have opposite spins
In an isolated atom the orbitals within each subshell are
degenerate
