b) Atomic orbitals, electronic configurations and the periodic table

Question 1

In atoms Electrons behave as

Answer 1

standing (stationary) waves

Question 2

What are Standing Waves

Answer 2

waves that vibrate
in time but do not move in space.

Question 3

What are orbitals?

Answer 3

There are different sizes and shapes of standing wave
possible around the nucleus

Question 4

Orbitals can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What are the different shapes of orbitals?

Answer 5

s,p,d,f

Question 6

What is a Quanta

Answer 6

The fixed amount of energy an electron in an atom has

Question 7

What are the 4 quantum numbers

Answer 7

♦ the principal quantum number - n

♦ the angular momentum quantum number - l

♦ the magnetic quantum number - m

♦ the spin magnetic quantum number - ms

Question 8

What is the principle Quantum Number?

Answer 8

indicates the main energy level for an electron and is
related to the size of the orbital

Question 9

What is the angular momentum quantum number?

Answer 9

determines the shape of the subshell and
can have values from zero to n −1

Question 10

What is the magnetic quantum number

Answer 10

determines the orientation of the orbital and can
have values between −l and + l

Question 11

What is the spin magnetic quantum number

Answer 11

determines the direction of spin and can have
values of +1/2 or -1/2

Question 12

State the aufbau principle

Answer 12

electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy

Question 13

State the Hund’s rule

Answer 13

when degenerate orbitals are available, electrons fill each singly,
keeping their spins parallel before spin pairing starts

Question 14

State the Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 14

no two electrons in one atom can have the same set of
four quantum numbers, therefore, no orbital can hold more than two electrons and
these two electrons must have opposite spins

Question 15

In an isolated atom the orbitals within each subshell are

Answer 15

degenerate

Question 16

The more stable the electron configuration…

Answer 16

The higher the ionisation energy

Question 17

VSEPR stands for?

Answer 17

Valence shell electron pair repulsion

Question 18

VSEPR theory can be used to predict…

Answer 18

The shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions

Question 19

How to find the number of electron pairs surrounding a central atom

Answer 19

Take total number of outer/valence electrons on the central atom and add one for each atom attached

Add an electron for every negative charge

Remove an electron for every positive charge

Divide the total number of electrons by two give to the number of electon pairs

Question 20

What charge do electron pairs have and now do they interact with other election pairs?

Answer 20

Negatively charged.

Repel other pairs

Question 21

Electron pairs are arranged to…

Answer 21

Minimise repulsion and maximise separation

Question 22

The arrangement of two electron pairs around a central atom is

Answer 22

Linear

Question 23

The arrangement of three electron pairs around a central atom is

Answer 23

Trigonal planar

Question 24

The arrangement of four electron pairs around a central atom is

Answer 24

Tetrahedral

Question 25

The arrangement of five electron pairs around a central atom is

Answer 25

Tribunal bipyramidal

Question 26

The arrangement of six electron pairs around a central atom is

Answer 26

Octahedral

Question 27

Electron pair repulsion strength order

Answer 27

Non bonding pair (x2) > non bonding pair / bonding pair > bonding pair (x2)