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phrm > B: 21-24 > Flashcards

B: 21-24 Flashcards

1
Q

Dyslipidemia drugs

A 
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
Ezetimib
Fenofibrate
Colesevelam
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2
Q

Statins MOA

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which is the rate limiting step of endogenous cholesterol synthesis

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3
Q

Statins actions

A 
Liver cholesterol ↓
LDL-R expression ↑
Plasma LDL ↓ (20-50% reduction)
VLDL synthesis by liver ↓
Plasma TG ↓
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4
Q

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

Difference

A

Atorvastatin: Active as given
Rosuvastatin: Active as given
Simvastatin: Prodrug

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5
Q

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

Metabolism

A

CYP450

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6
Q

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

Indications

A

Atherosclerotic vascular disease
Acute coronary syndrome
Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
Reduced mortality in ischemi heart dieseas

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7
Q

Statins side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity
Myalgia
Rhabdonyolysis

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8
Q

Statins contraindications

A

Teratogenic

Liver diseas caution

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9
Q

Colesevelam MOA

A

Large non absorbable polymers that bind bile acidsand prevent their absorption which divers hepatic cholesterol to the synthesis of new bile

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10
Q

Bile acid sequestrans drug

A

Colesevelam

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11
Q

Colesevelam how to give and when?

A

Oral
With meals
Dont give togather with other drugs (wait btw. 4 h)

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12
Q

Colesevelam indications

A

Primary hypercholesterolemia type IIA (LDL↑)

With Statins

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13
Q

Colesevelam side effects

A 
VLDL ↑
TG ↑
GI
Vit. ADEK malabsorption
Hyperglycemia
Gall stones
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14
Q

Sterol absorption inhibitors

A

Ezetimibe

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15
Q

Ezetimibe MOA

A 
Block NPC1L1 in intestine
Reduce cholesterol absorption
Liver cholesterol ↓	
LDL-R expression ↑
Plams LDL ↓ (20% reduction)
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16
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide

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17
Q

Acetazolamide indicaitons

A 
Diuretic use if edema+metabolic alkalosis
Glaucoma
Mountain sickness
Innr ear disorder
Urinary alkalosis
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18
Q

Acetazolamide side effects

A

Metabolic acidosis

Renal stones

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19
Q

Loop diuretics MOA and names

A

Furosemide
Ethacrynic acid

Inhibition of Na/K/2Cl in the thick ascending limb

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20
Q

Inhibition of Na/K/2Cl in the thick ascending limb will cause

A 
Loss of NaCl
Loss of luminal positive potential (Mg,Ca reab.↓)
K and H wasting
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
XOX-2 ↑ → GFR ↑
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21
Q

Furosemide drug interactions

A

NSAID’s
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Digoxin

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22
Q

How are they different?

A

Furosemide is a Sulfa drug

Ethacrynic acid is not a Sulfa drug

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23
Q

Furosemide indications

A 
HF
Acute pulmonary edema
HTN
Hypercalcemic state
Acute renal failure management
24
Q

Furosemide side effects

A 
Sulfa drug
Hypovolemia
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperuriceria
25
Q

Thiazides diuretics MOA

A

Inhibition of Na/Cl transporter in the distal conv. tubule

26
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide drug properties

A

Sulfa drug
Oral
6-12 h

27
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide drug interactions

A

Digoxin

Avoid in DM

28
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide indications

A 
HTN
CHF
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrogenic DI
Osteoporosis
29
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide side effects

A 
Sulfa
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia
Lithium levels ↑
30
Q

Thiazides diuretic drugs

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indapamide

31
Q

Indapamide indications

A

HTN

Can be combined with ACEi

32
Q

Mannitol
MOA
How to give?
Duration of action

A

Osmotic diuresis
IV
Short

33
Q

Mannitol indications

A

Intracranial HTN

Glaucoma

34
Q

Mannitol side effects

A

Pulmonary edema
HF exacerbation
Na imbalance
Acute hypovolemia

35
Q

ENaC inhibitor

A

Amiloride

36
Q

Amiloride MOA
How to give?
Duration?

A

ENaC inhibitor
IV
24 h

37
Q

Amiloride indications

A

Hypokalemia caused by other diuretics
Nephrogenic DM
Liddle’s syndrome

38
Q

Amiloride side effects

A

Hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis

39
Q

ADH antagonist

A

Tolvaptam

40
Q

Tolvaptam MOA
Receptor preferance
How to give?
Duration?

A

ADH antagonist
V2-R antagonist
Oral
12-24 h

41
Q

Tolvaptan indications

A

SIADH

42
Q

Tolvaptan side effects

A

Polyuria
Thirst
Hypernatremia

43
Q

Antihistamines

Types

A

1st gen: Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Dimetindene

2nd gen: Cetirizine, Fexofenadine

44
Q

Antihistamines- 1st gen

A

Diphenhydramine
Promethazine
Dimetindene

45
Q

Antihistamines- 2nd gen

A

Cetirizine

Fexofenadine

46
Q

Antihistamines MOA

A

H1-R antagonists

47
Q 
Antihistamines- 1st gen
How to give
Duration
Metabolism
Molecule type
A

Oral, parenteral
4-12 h
CYP450
Lipophilic

48
Q

Diphenhydramine indications

A 
IgE mediated allergies
Sedative
Antiemetic
Sleep aid
Anti motion sickness
Pregnancy nausea
Acute extrapyramidal symp.
49
Q

Diphenhydramine side effects

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic
a-R inhibatory effect
Interact with alcohol- Sedation

50
Q

Promethazine special features

A

Less anti motion sickness effect
More sedative
More autonomic effect

51
Q

Dimetindene special features

A

Treatment of allergic reactions

Minimally cross BBB

52
Q

Antihistamines- 2nd gen

What is special about them?

A

H1-R antag. at peripheral

No autonomic or anti motion sickness effect

53
Q

Cetirizine
Fexofenadine

How to give
Duration
Metabolism
Molecule type

A

Oral, parenteral
12-24 h
CYP450
Less lipophilic

54
Q

Cetirizine
Fexofenadine

Indications

A

IgE allergies

55
Q

Cetirizine
Fexofenadine

Side effects

A

Sedation
Arrhythmias in overdose
When interact with alcohol- Sedation

phrm (11 decks)

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