b Flashcards
What is the probability of having a child with an autosomal dominant disorder if one parent has the disorder and the other does not?
Each child has a 50% chance of having the allele for the disorder.
A Punnett square can be used to calculate the possibility of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and single gene disorders.
What are appropriate nursing interventions for patients with stress and/or anxiety problems?
- Emotion focused coping
- Problem focused coping
- Relaxation breathing
- Biofeedback
- Meditation
- Imagery
- Massage
- Music
- Prayer
What does GTPAL stand for?
- Gravida - # pregnancies including current
- Term birth - 38 to 42 weeks
- Preterm birth – 20-37 weeks
- Abortions – prior to 20 weeks
- Live births
What does REEDA stand for?
- Redness
- Edema
- Ecchymosis
- Drainage
- Approximation
What do newborn metabolic screens test for?
Over 40 genetically transmitted diseases, some of which result in newborn errors in metabolism.
This is specific to New Mexico.
What assessment findings are expected in patients with hypothermia?
- Mild: 93-95°F
- Moderate: 86-93°F
- Severe: <86°F
- Shivering
- Altered mental status
- Pale, blue, or frozen skin
- Cyanosis
- Dysrhythmias
- Hypotension
- Hypoventilation
- Decreased perfusion
What causes physiologic anemia in pregnancy?
Dilution of RBC with expanded maternal blood volume as much as 45%.
What are predisposing factors for postpartum hemorrhage?
- Over distension of uterus
- Multiparity
- Advanced maternal age
- Precipitate delivery
- Prolonged labor
- Instrumented delivery
- C-section
- Manual removal of placenta
- Uterine inversion
- Placenta previa
- Acreta
- Chorioamnionitis
- Clotting disorders
- Previous PPH
- General anesthesia
What is the definition of heterozygous?
Two different alleles for 1 gene - 1 from each parent.
What is the definition of homozygous?
Two identical alleles for 1 gene – 1 from each parent.
What are the definitions of myopia, hyperopia, and presbyopia?
- Myopia: nearsightedness – inability to focus on distant objects
- Hyperopia: farsightedness – inability to focus on near objects
- Presbyopia: loss of accommodation
What assessment findings are expected in patients with hyperthermia?
- Heat exhaustion: 99.6-105.8°F
- Heatstroke: >105.8°F
- Thirst
- Muscle cramps
- Sweating
- Altered mental status
- Fatigue
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Weak pulse
- Hot dry skin (heatstroke)
- Tachypnea
What is an indication of true labor?
Progressive changes in the cervix effacement and dilation.
What are four methods of heat loss in newborns?
- Evaporation – air drying of wet skin
- Conduction – contact with cold surfaces
- Convection – air movement, drafts
- Radiation – cold objects without contact
What are appropriate nursing interventions for patients with sexually transmitted infections (STI)?
- Use of barriers and safe sex practices
- Complete treatment
- Abstain from sexual activity for 7 days
- Treat all partners simultaneously
- Contact sexual partners from the last 60 days
- Follow-up testing (other STIs and pregnancy)
- Hygiene methods (handwashing, no scratching, no douching)
How is visual acuity tested?
- Snellen chart: patient stands at 20 feet and reads the smallest line for alterations from 20/20 vision
- Jaeger card: hold card 14 inches away and read the smallest print for accommodation
What are four major assessment findings with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
- Flashbacks
- Avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
- Hypervigilance
- Alterations in mood
What are the definitions of contraction duration, frequency, and interval?
- Duration: length of contraction from start to end
- Frequency: start of one contraction to start of next contraction
- Interval: end of one contraction to start of next
What testing is performed to confirm cystic fibrosis?
- Genetic screening for mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR) gene
- Sweat test with chloride level above 60 mEq/L
What initiates respirations in the newborn?
- Chemical: decrease PO2 and increased PCO2
- Mechanical: changes in intrathoracic pressures
- Thermal: skin sensors note decrease in temperature
- Sensory: tactile stimulation during drying process
What assessment findings are expected in patients with stress and/or anxiety problems?
- Sympathetic nervous system activation
- Depression
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Anorexia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Hypertension
- Increased pulse
- Irritability
- Tension
- GI discomfort
- Inability to concentrate
What are appropriate nursing interventions for hypo/hyperthermia?
- Hypothermia: Remove from cold, ABC, O2, warm core to extremities
- Hyperthermia: ABC, O2, cool IVF replacement, cool environment
What are appropriate nursing interventions for early, variable, and late decelerations?
- Position change
- Oxygen
- IVF bolus
VEAL CHOP: Variable Decel = Cord Compression, Early Decel = Head Compression, Acceleration = OK, Late Decel = Placental Insufficiency.
What assessment findings are expected in patients with sexually transmitted infections (STI)?
- Risk factors (alcohol and drug use, multiple sex partners, incorrect protection)
- Symptoms (sometimes absent)
- Drainage
- Pain
- Ulcerations
- Wart growth
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Lymphadenopathy
