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1
Q

What does Peter Jones say about Heroism in the Odyssey

A

He said that there have been 3 common responses to an interpretation of Odysseus:

1) The LOYAL husband - who has one goal on his mind (nostos)
2) The eternal wanderer with a fixed passion for knowledge
3) The anti hero, who’s selfish needs triumph any others, who’s cunning, disguise and deceit to gain disreputable ends

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2
Q

What does Edith Hall say about Different cultures in the Odyssey?

A

Hall says that Odysseus describes the Cyclops Cave, he speaks of it through the discerning eyes of a Colonist. Much like the ancient Greeks traveled to unknown waters

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3
Q

What does Walpole say about the Hero in the Odyssey?

A

He says that Odysseus is less like a hero and more so like a beggar, he does very little that is HEROIC.

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4
Q

What does Graziosi say about Odysseus as a character?

A

GRAZIOSI says that because the Odyssey draws from many different literary traditions and genres, Odysseus is: The Comic character, the Stoic sage and the tragic hero AND THE VILLAIN all at once. He can never be pinned down.

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5
Q

What does WALPOLE say about Different Societies?

A

Walpole says that The Phaeacian’s are remote from humans —> close to the gods. The queen wears the trousers.

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6
Q

What does SILIK SAY ABOUT SUITORS?

A

Silik argues that few of Homer’s modern readers would condone revenge killing in such a context let alone acclaim it, but the Odyssey does.

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7
Q

What does MUNAGHAN say about the Unmanliness of ODYSSEUS?

A

The hero’s success according to MUNAGHAN is threatened by the dependent need to rely on his WIFE.

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8
Q

Doherty - STRUCTURE

A

Doherty argues that the Odyssey has a reflexive dimension in which the hero = bard

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9
Q

KULLMAN ON ATHENA

A

KULLMAN States that most of the divine aid by Athene is merely her exerting ZEUS’ MORAL RULE :)

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10
Q

KULLMAN STATES ABOUT THE BELIEF IN THE GODS

A

Kullman believes that belief in the Gods are dependent upon manifestation of JUSTICE IN THE WORLD :)

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11
Q

Peter Jones on NOSTOS

A

Odysseus is fixed on ONE THING. To return home to his NOSTOS.

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12
Q

Kelly on the POWER OF FATE

A

Kelly = ZEUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS

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13
Q

Justice and Revenge - Jenkins

A

JENKYNS comments that Aegisthus committed a ADULTERY and murder and these are the crimes that the suitors are trying to commit

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14
Q

Penelope by MURRAY

A

Murray states that Penelope’s motives are mysterious and can never be discerned and that she ENJOYS herself with the suitors??? Boy is u blind.

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15
Q

XENIA - HALVERSON

A

Halverson affirms that an assault on the integrity of the integrity of the OIKOS is a defilement OF THE HOUSEHOLD. = eeeeeevilllll

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16
Q

Austin on SLAVERY

A

Austin defines EUMAEUS AND EURYCLEIA AS THE STALWART PARIDGMS OF ORDER

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17
Q

What does Lattimore say about Athene

A

Lattimore says that Athene’s acquiesce to the SUFFERINGS OF ODYSSEUS was out of respect for POSEIDON.

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18
Q

What does KAHANE say about Athena??!

A

One of the main driving plots of the Odyssey IS Athena.

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19
Q

Peter Jones argues what about the gods?

A

Peter Jones argues that Homer gave the gods an individual human face.

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20
Q

What does Howard say about Women in the Odyssey?

A

Howard argues that there is not a lot of choices for women in Homer’s world.

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21
Q

Everyone’s character in the ODYSSEY

A

Knox believes that almost everyone has important roles; women, human, divine

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22
Q

FAGLES on the MARRIAGE between Odysseus and Penelope.

A

Fagles argues that the marriage between Odysseus is based on equal parts of LOVE, intellectual equals and similar out looks in life.

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23
Q

Camps on Odysseus

A

ACCORDING TO CAMPS, Odysseus has the attributes to win affection and regard as a king and husband and man.

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24
Q

Clayton says that Odysseus makes up for his..

A

Clayton says that Odysseus makes up for his lack on physical prowess through his mental acuity.

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25
Q

Peter Jones on JUSTICE AND REVENGE

A

Jones argues that though some might be a little uncomfortable by the slaughter Odysseus brings forth, Greeks would have known it was his right to do so.

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26
Q

XENIA BY MORRISON

A

Morrison argues, Suitors = terrible guests, clearly they violate the code of XENIA.

27
Q

Odysseus as a leader - Parks

A

Parks claims that Odysseus’ devotion to saving his crew is shown through his GUILT

28
Q

Odysseus and NEW values. - Peter Jones

A

Jones states that Odysseus makes his household rather than the battlefield the centre of his world

29
Q

WILSON on WOMEN

A

There is a vision of EMPOWERED Women in the Odyssey according to Wilson, but it is portrayed not through the mortal world but the GODS.

30
Q

Wilson states that the Odyssey

A

Wilson states that the Odyssey traces deep MALE fears about women in power

31
Q

Athena and Odysseus - Peter Jones

A

Jones believes Homer’s portrayal of the relationship between Athena and Odysseus is very unique in the closeness it depicts between GOD AND MORTAL

32
Q

JENKYNS about SLAVES

A

Odyssey gives prominence to SLAVES AND BEGGARS TOO

33
Q

Peter Jones on Penelope

A

Jones claims that Penelope’s beauty is never in doubt, she remains LOYAL to Odysseus until the moment she remarried

34
Q

SUITORS - PETER JONES

A

Jones declares that the suitors wanton and conscious disrespect of Odysseus’ household is enough to justify their deaths - they show a reckless disregard for XENIA

35
Q

Peter Jones on SLAVES

A

Initially modern readers might see Slaves Eumaeus and Eurycleia’s acquiesce = ABOMINATION. But Homer’s world = Incomprehensible that this was an abomination. Jones says Eumaeus has a keen sense of right and wrong that makes us warm to him.

36
Q

JONES ON THE ORAL TRADITION

A

Jones says:

  • The poems as we have them do not faithfully reflect the cultural and social conditions of any particular time
  • They are an amalgam of such conditions, spread over hundreds of years.
  • Eighth century BC in which Homer lived = IRON AGE, but weapons and armour are constantly referred to as bronze.
37
Q

Peter Jones on BARDS

A

Jones says from evidence of the activity of the bards in the Odyssey = takes place in the context of a ROYAL PALACE, The audience dining nobles.

38
Q

CUNNING OF ODYSSEUS BY JONES

A

Peter Jones says that Odysseus cunning is envinced in his episodes

39
Q

Jones on XENIA AND THE HOUSEHOLD

A

Anyone who threatens the economic self-sufficiency of a. family is in the long term threatening it’s very survival

40
Q

Suitors - Jones

A

Jones says the suitors are unambiguously warned that their behaviour will end with their doom. But they ignore such warnings —> BOOK 20 Theoclymenus: “I see advancing you all a catastrophe”

41
Q

AENEID— Morgan on Lavinia

A

Morgan says Lavinia represents the IDEAL Roman Woman.

42
Q

Augustus Regime - LAIRD

A

Laird says that many have come to the conclusion that the Aeneid was created for one reason: To justify Augustus Questionable Regime.

43
Q

Aeneid on the Hero - CICERO

A

CICERO SAYS THAT THE HERO IS NOT FOR HIMSELF, BUT HIS COUNTRY

44
Q

NUSBAUM on Aeneas

A

Aeneas is the perfect father figure 👨‍👧

45
Q

Cowan on FATHER-SON relationships

A

Cowan says that at the heart of the Aeneid is the inheritance of father to son, going right back to Augustus.

46
Q

HARRISON :6-: that Aeneas

A

HARRISON SAYS AENEAS gives himself up for the Fatherland ❤️

47
Q

WILLIAMS ON THRNUS

A

Williams says TURNIS WAS TOO VIOLENT AND BARBARIC TO SURVIVE IN A CIVILISED WORLD

48
Q

Aeneas as a stoic hero

A

JENKYNS SAYS AENEAS IS NOT A STOIC HERO, he SHOWS LOTS OF EMOTIONS.

49
Q

GRANSDEN ON AENEAS

A

Gransden says Aeneas, yanno he is a STOIC character TBH

50
Q

QUESNAY ON DIDO

A

Quesnay argues Dido = victim of circumstance and the gods

51
Q

COWAN ON FUROR

A

Cowan argues that FUROR is the most persuasive and destructive force in the Aeneid

52
Q

Jenkyns on DIDO

A

Jenkyns argues that Dido IS the voice of Book 4 so we have to be sympathetic to her

53
Q

PILLINGER ON WOMEN IN THE AENEID

A

Pillinger says that Camilla’s death is described precisely in the same terms as that of Turnus, lending female character an epically heroic death.

54
Q

Griffins says that VIRGIL…

A

Griffin says that Virgil depicts Aeneas not as a reflection of Augustus, but an example that Augustus should follow

55
Q

Hardier on IMPERIAL ROME

A

HARDIE argues that these great prophetic passages are in actuality pessimistic. Book 6 - Aeneas exits through the gate of FALSE DREAMS. Cannot read any prophetic passages as celebrating Rome’s IMPERIAL DESTINY.

56
Q

Hardie on Didio

A

Hardie says that Dido is a dangerous woman who would remind the Romans of Cleopatras recent THREAT to Rome.

57
Q

LYNE ON ROME IMPRRIAL DESTINY

A

LYNE argues that minor characters exit Book 12 - Collateral damage for the more IMPORTANT THEME OF ROME’s IMPERIAL DESTINY

58
Q

Dido and Aeneas - QUINN

A

Quinn points out that when Aeneas was at Catharge he wasn’t necessarily a representation of Atony. Julius Caesar too had a relationship with CLEOPATRA. He went back to Rome though, just as Aeneas does.

59
Q

Aeneas as a hero by QUINN

A

Quinn argues that it is the hero of the poem, Aeneas that Virgil describes the urge to kill in its ugliest form. Aeneas has surrendered to an impulse that disgraces his HUMANITY.

60
Q

Turnus and Aeneas by Griffin

A

GRIFFIN Suggests reading turnus as a more traditional, Homeric type of her than Aeneas was. Whereas Aeneas was motivated by PIETY AND WAS reluctant to be HEROIC, Turnus is compared to Achilles, selfish out for kleos type that we see in HOMER.

61
Q

Williams

A

Williams claims we cannot simply see The AENEID AS MERELY PROPAGANDA

62
Q

Aeneas as a solitary figure - LYNE

A

LYNE SAYS THAT IT IS AENEAS’ relationships Virgil appears to neglect.

63
Q

Aeneas’ Mission - HARDIE

A

HARDIE argues rather than being strongly driven by an internal desire or ambition he is forced into a mission by circumstances BEYOND his control

64
Q

What does Green say

A

Green says that Virgil makes it impossible to regard Turnus as the incarnation of barbaric violence and savagery, as he appeared when possessed by the fury. As Turnus humbled himself and pleads for mercy reader cannot help but recall Anchises’ admonition to future generations that the Romans should extend clemency to the conquered who have acknowledged their defeat. Of course, reader knows that Turnus is doomed to die at the hands of Aeneas: this is the inevitable outcome of their final encounter that had been foreshadowed in book 9

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