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ASP.NET Flashcards > Azure Devops > Flashcards

Azure Devops Flashcards

1
Q

What is blue-green deployment?

A

Two identical environments are available called blue and green . Only one is live serving all traffic .
Let blue is live , green is idle
Once the code is tested in green , switch router or load balancer so all traffic goes to green . Now green is live , blue is idle

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2
Q

What are deployment slots ?

A

Deployment slots are live apps with their hostnames . Production slot is where live app stays . When ready , swap production environment with new staging environment . This is done by internal swapping of IP addresses of both slots

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3
Q

What are feature flags

A

When you want to release a feature to only a section of users you can set this flag to that group . Using this you can switch between the unmodified version and modified version

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4
Q

What are feature toggles ?

A

Feature toggles or feature flags are alternative to barnching in VCS.

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5
Q

What are feature toggles ?

A

Feature toggles or feature flags are alternative to barnching in VCS. In purest form , a feature toggle is an IF statement. With feature toggles, you build new features behind a toggle. Your feature is off when a release occurs and shouldn’t be exposed to or impact the production software

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6
Q

What is canary release?

A

A canary release is a way to identify potential problems without exposing all end users to the issue at once. Idea is that you tell a new feature only to a minimal subset of users. They can be implemented by a combination of feature toggles , traffic routing and deployment slots

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7
Q

What is Azure Traffic Manager?

A

It is a dns-based traffic load balancer that enables you to distribute traffic optimally to services across global azure regions

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8
Q

What is dark launching

A

The end users doesn’t know about the new feature . You run all data and calculations theough your new feature but it isn’t ‘exposed’ yet

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9
Q

What is A/B Testing?

A

It compares two versions of web app or app against each other to determine which one does better . It is mainly an experiment where two or more page variants are shown to users at random

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10
Q

What is progressive exposure deployment ?

A

A progressive exposure deployment or ring based deployment is one where you first deploy your changes to risk tolerant customers abd progressively roll out to a more extensive set of customers

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11
Q

What is SAML ?

A

SAML is primarily used for enabling single sign-on (SSO) and exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, such as an Identity Provider(IdP) and a service Provider(SP)

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12
Q

What is SCIM?

A

SCIM is a standard designed for simplifying the management of user identities and their associated attributes across different systems and domains

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13
Q

What are upstream sources

A

Using upstream sources , you can conveniently store packages from various sources like nuget.org , npmjs.com in a single feed

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14
Q

What are feeds?

A

Feeds are organizational constructs that allow you to store, manage and group your packages and control who to share it with

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15
Q

What are public feeds?

A

Public feeds are used to share your packages with anyone on the internet

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16
Q

What is environment?

A

Environment allows you to manage resources (VMs) and approvals and checks (manual approval) for a given environment like dev , stage

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17
Q

What are four roles associated with environment?

A

Creator , Reader , User and administrator

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18
Q

What is deployment pool?

A

Set of target servers available to organization

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19
Q

What is task?

A

A task performs an action in a pipeline. For example a task can build an app, interact with azure resources , install a tool or run a test

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20
Q

What are different types of tasks?

A

Build tasks, deploy tasks, package tasks , test tasks, tool tasks, utility tasks

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21
Q

What is a PR pipeline?

A

A pull request to Azure Repos Git triggers a PR pipeline. These pipeline runs fast quality checks that include :
Building code involving pulling dependencies
Unit Tests , analyze code using tools like linting , security scanning

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22
Q

How scripting has advantage over UI to create resources in Azure?

A

Using script you can create multiple instances with different specifications all at once whereas in UI , you’ll have to create each instance one by one

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23
Q

Why linux is better compared to windows?

A

Free-open source, secure, multiple distributions are available like ubuntu , Fast

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24
Q

What does kernel do?

A

Kernel is the heart of operating system. It establishes communication between hardware and software. It does memory, device, process management and handles system

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25
Q

What does system library do?

A

It is responsible for performing a task.the request comes to system libraries and then kernel

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26
Q

ls

A

List

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27
Q

pwd

A

Present Working Directory

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28
Q

cd

A

Change directory

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29
Q

cd ../..

A

Move two directories back

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30
Q

cd folder1/folder2

A

Make folder2 as pwd

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31
Q

vi

A

Create and Open file in edit mode

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32
Q

wq!

A

Save contents of file

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33
Q

cat

A

Print contents of file

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34
Q

mkdir

A

Create Folder

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35
Q

rm -r filename

A

Remove a file

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36
Q

free -g

A

Memory of laptop/ server

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37
Q

nproc

A

No of cpus

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38
Q

df -h

A

Disk size in percentage %

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39
Q

ls -ltr

A

View files with created timestamp

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40
Q

Why do you need devops?

A

For infrastructure maintenance, code of your organization using git, configuration management using ansible

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41
Q

Give example of how shell scrpting helps?

A

Imagine there are 10,000 nodes and you want to check health - cpu , memory of a specific node . We can write a shell script that scans a specific node and pulls all the information for processes running etc - this is especially for Linux

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42
Q

nproc

A

To find CPU on a machine

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43
Q

top

A

Processes running on machine

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44
Q

Does shell scripting include conditional and iteration statements?

A

Yes. Shell scripting includes for loop , if else etc

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45
Q

What is configuration management?

A

Configuration management of infrastructure

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46
Q

Puppet vs ansible

A

Pull vs push, agents vs agentless

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47
Q

Puppet vs ansible

A

Pull vs push, agents vs agentless

48
Q

Apt install ansible

A

Cmd to install ansible on EC2- linux

49
Q

What does ansible require to access and modify target machine

A

It requires passwordless authentication on the target machine

50
Q

What does ssh command do?

A

It is used to securely connect to a remote computer or server over a network. It establishes a secure, encrypted communication between local system and the remote system (server), allowing you to execute commands, manage files or access resources on the remote machine

51
Q

What does ssh-keygen do?

A

It generates public key, private key in a folder on the current machine. Need to do it on both client and server

52
Q

How to configure target machine to be accessible by host running ansible

A

By pasting the host key(of ansible) in authorized keys folder of target machine

53
Q

Shell scripts in ansible called what?

A

Ansible playbooks

54
Q

How to run ansible on host?

A

You can directly run ansible commands or script on the host from the terminal

55
Q

What is inventory file?

A

It stores the addresses of the target servers

56
Q

What does DevOps stand for?

A

Development and Operations

57
Q

True or False: DevOps is a cultural and professional movement.

A

True

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary goal of DevOps is to shorten the _____ of software development.

A

development cycle

59
Q

What are the three main components of DevOps?

A

People, Process, and Technology

60
Q

Which practice emphasizes collaboration between software developers and IT operations?

A

DevOps

61
Q

What is Continuous Integration (CI)?

A

A practice where developers frequently integrate their code changes into a shared repository.

62
Q

What is Continuous Delivery (CD)?

A

A software development practice where code changes are automatically prepared for release to production.

63
Q

Name one tool commonly used in DevOps for version control.

A

Git

64
Q

What does the term ‘Infrastructure as Code’ (IaC) mean?

A

Managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through code instead of manual processes.

65
Q

True or False: DevOps eliminates the need for testing.

A

False

66
Q

Which methodology does DevOps closely relate to?

A

Agile

67
Q

What is a common benefit of implementing DevOps?

A

Increased deployment frequency

68
Q

What does the term ‘DevSecOps’ refer to?

A

Integrating security practices within the DevOps process.

69
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key practice in DevOps? A) Waterfall B) Continuous Testing C) Traditional Management

A

B) Continuous Testing

70
Q

What is the role of a DevOps engineer?

A

To facilitate collaboration between development and operations teams and automate the software delivery process.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: DevOps aims to improve the speed and quality of _____ delivery.

A

software

72
Q

True or False: DevOps practices can only be applied to large organizations.

A

False

73
Q

What is a ‘pipeline’ in the context of DevOps?

A

A set of automated processes that allow code changes to be built, tested, and deployed.

74
Q

Which metric is often used to measure DevOps performance?

A

Deployment frequency

75
Q

What is the purpose of monitoring in a DevOps environment?

A

To ensure application performance and reliability in production.

76
Q

Name one cloud service provider that supports DevOps practices.

A

AWS (Amazon Web Services)

77
Q

What is a ‘microservices architecture’?

A

An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: Continuous _____ is the practice of automatically testing and validating code changes.

A

Testing

79
Q

True or False: Containerization is a key technology in DevOps.

A

True

80
Q

What is a ‘rollback’ in DevOps?

A

Reverting an application to a previous version after a failed deployment.

81
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following tools is used for configuration management? A) Docker B) Jenkins C) Ansible

A

C) Ansible

82
Q

What is the main purpose of a ‘kanban board’ in DevOps?

A

To visualize workflow and manage work in progress.

83
Q

What is Ansible?

A

Ansible is an open-source automation tool used for configuration management, application deployment, task automation, and orchestration.

84
Q

True or False: Ansible uses agent-based architecture.

A

False: Ansible uses an agentless architecture.

85
Q

Fill in the blank: Ansible playbooks are written in ______.

A

YAML

86
Q

What is a playbook in Ansible?

A

A playbook is a file that contains a series of tasks to be executed on managed hosts.

87
Q

Which command is used to run an Ansible playbook?

A

ansible-playbook

88
Q

What does the ‘hosts’ directive specify in an Ansible playbook?

A

It specifies the target hosts on which the tasks will be executed.

89
Q

What is an inventory file in Ansible?

A

An inventory file is a file that contains a list of managed nodes and their details.

90
Q

True or False: Ansible modules are standalone scripts that can be executed on the managed hosts.

A

True

91
Q

What is the default location of the Ansible inventory file?

A

/etc/ansible/hosts

92
Q

Which of the following is NOT a valid Ansible module: a) yum b) apt c) run c) command?

A

c) run

93
Q

What does the ‘ansible-galaxy’ command do?

A

It is used to manage Ansible roles and collections from Ansible Galaxy.

94
Q

What is a role in Ansible?

A

A role is a way to group related tasks, handlers, variables, files, and templates in a structured manner.

95
Q

Fill in the blank: Ansible uses ______ to manage the configuration of systems.

A

idempotency

96
Q

What is the purpose of Ansible facts?

A

Facts are variables that store information about the managed hosts, gathered by Ansible.

97
Q

True or False: Ansible can be used to manage both Linux and Windows systems.

A

True

98
Q

What is the command to check the connectivity of hosts in Ansible?

A

ansible all -m ping

99
Q

What is a handler in Ansible?

A

A handler is a special task that is triggered by other tasks when they change the state of a resource.

100
Q

Fill in the blank: Ansible uses ______ to connect to managed nodes.

A

SSH

101
Q

What is the purpose of variables in Ansible?

A

Variables in Ansible are used to store values that can be reused throughout playbooks and roles.

102
Q

Which syntax is used to reference a variable in Ansible?

A

{{ variable_name }}

103
Q

What does the ‘when’ clause do in an Ansible task?

A

It allows conditional execution of a task based on a specific condition.

104
Q

True or False: Ansible supports loops to repeat tasks.

A

True

105
Q

What is the purpose of the ‘notify’ directive in Ansible?

A

It is used to trigger a handler when a task changes a resource.

106
Q

What is Ansible Vault used for?

A

Ansible Vault is used to encrypt sensitive data, such as passwords and secrets, within Ansible playbooks.

107
Q

What is the command to create a new Ansible Vault file?

A

ansible-vault create filename.yml

108
Q

Fill in the blank: Ansible’s configuration file is called ______.

A

ansible.cfg

109
Q

What is the purpose of the ‘tags’ feature in Ansible?

A

Tags allow users to run a subset of tasks in a playbook by specifying which tasks to include or exclude.

110
Q

How to run ansible commands on specific servers from a list ?

A

By using tags, like [dbservers] or [webservers] you can specify these tags in commands while running

111
Q

What does “- - -“ indicate?

A

Indicates an YAML file

112
Q

Can you write multiple playbooks in a file?

A

Yes

113
Q

Command to run ansible playbooks?

A

Ansible-playbook

114
Q

How to know what ansible file/command doing on target machine?

A

Use -vvv command to see what ansible does on target machine. It prints all the commands step by step executed on target machine

115
Q

What is ansible role?

A

Standard way of organizing and reusing ansible configuration code. It provides a standardized framework to seperate tasks, variables, templates, and pther configuration files, making it easier to manage complex playbooks and automate reusable components

116
Q

How to write complex ansible playbooks?

A

You can use ansible galaxy commands to create roles that provide templates to write ansible code

ASP.NET Flashcards (14 decks)

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