AZ 900 Study Cards Flashcards by Margaret May

This is an Azure compliance offering; a European privacy law that imposes new rules on companies, government agencies, non-profits, and other organizations that offer goods and services to people in the European Union (EU), or that collect and analyze data tied to EU residents

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

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This is the ability to do things more efficiently or at a lower-cost per unit when operating at a larger scale. An example: cloud providers can make deals with local governments and utilities to get tax savings, lowering the price of power, cooling, and high-speed network connectivity between sites.

Economies of scale

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______ ______ is the spending of money on physical infrastructure up front, and then deducting that expense from your tax bill over time.

Capital Expenditure (CapEx)

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This is spending money on services or products now and being billed for them now. You can deduct this expense from your tax bill in the same year. There’s no upfront cost. You pay for a service or product as you use it.

Operational Expenditure (OpEx)

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This cloud deployment model offers a simulation of a public cloud to your users, but you remain completely responsible for the purchase and maintenance of the hardware and software services you provide.

Private Cloud Deployment Model

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What two (2) cloud deployment model choices can accommodate an organization that has data that cannot be put in the public cloud?

Private and Hybrid

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This is an upfront cost, which has a value that reduces over time.

Capital Expenditure (CapEx)

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This cloud deployment mode is ideally suited for keeping any systems running and accessible that use out-of-date hardware or an out-of-date operating system

Hybrid Cloud Deployment Model

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This category of cloud computing provides an environment for building, testing, and deploying software applications.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

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This category of cloud computing provides software that is centrally hosted and managed for the end customer.

Software as a service (SaaS)

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This category of cloud computer is the most flexible category of cloud services.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

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Making use of Azure SQL Database is an example of what type of category of cloud computing?

Platform as a service (PaaS)

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This category of cloud computing is a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

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Office 365, Skype are perfect examples of this category of cloud computing.

Software as a service (SaaS)

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This category of cloud computing is the most flexible.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

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This category of cloud computing provides analytics or business intelligence tools.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

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This category of cloud computing is usually based on an architecture where one version of an application is used for all customers, and licensed through a monthly or annual subscription.

Software as a service (SaaS)

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This compute service enables management of a cluster of VMs that run containerized services.

Azure Kubernetes Service

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This compute service is a distributed systems platform, and runs in Azure or on-premises.

Azure Service Fabric

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This compute service is a managed service for parallel and high-performance computing applications.

Azure Batch

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This compute service is an event-driven, serverless compute service.

Azure Functions

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This compute service runs containerized apps on Azure without provisioning servers or VMs. These doesn’t use virtualization, so it doesn’t waste resources simulating virtual hardware with a redundant OS. Since these are secured and isolated, you don’t need separate servers for each app.

Azure Container Instances

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This compute service provides scaling for Windows or Linux VMs hosted in Azure.

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets

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This networking service delivers high-bandwidth content to customers globally.

Azure Content Delivery Network

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This networking service optimizes app server farm delivery while increasing application security.

Azure Application Gateway

This networking service monitors and diagnoses network issues using scenario-based analysis.

Azure Network Watcher

This networking service provides connections to Azure over high-bandwidth dedicated secure connections.

Azure ExpressRoute

Azure Table storage uses this type of database to host unstructured data independent of any schema.

NoSQL

The four types of Azure storage services are:

Azure Blob storage, Azure File Storage, Azure Queue storage, and Azure Table Storage

This type of storage provides a data store for queuing and reliably delivering messages between applications.

Azure Queue storage

This Azure service provides a fully managed data warehouse with integral security at every level of scale at no extra cost. It runs analytics at a massive scale using a cloud-based Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) that leverages massive parallel processing (MPP) to run complex queries quickly across petabytes of data.

Azure Synapse Analytics

This networking service optimizes app server farm delivery while increasing application security.

Azure Application Gateway

This networking service distributes network traffic across Azure regions worldwide.

Azure Traffic Manager

This type of Azure storage is NoSQL store that hosts unstructured data independent of any schema.

Azure Table storage

This database service is a globally distributed database that supports NoSQL options.

Azure Cosmos DB

This database service provides a fully managed data warehouse with integral security at every level of scale at no extra cost.

Azure Synapse Analytics

This database service migrates your databases to the cloud with no application code changes.

Azure Database Migration Service

This database service caches frequently used and static data to reduce data and application latency.

Azure Cache for Redis

This Azure service quickly creates powerful cloud web-based apps. This is an HTTP-based service that enables you to build and host many types of web-based solutions without managing infrastructure. For example, you can host web apps, mobile back ends, and RESTful APIs in several supported programming languages. Applications developed in .NET, .NET Core, Java, Ruby, Node.js, PHP, or Python can run in and scale with ease on both Windows and Linux-based environments.

Azure App Service

This Azure service sends push notifications to any platform from any back end.

Azure Notification Hubs

This Azure service adds real-time web functionalities easily.

Azure SignalR Service

The ability for devices to garner and then relay information for data analysis.

Internet of Things (IoT)

This IoT service pushes your data analysis models directly onto your IoT devices, allowing them to react quickly to state changes without needing to consult cloud-based AI models.

IoT Edge

This Big Data service is a collaborative Apache Spark–based analytics service that can be integrated with other Big Data services in Azure.

Azure Databricks

This Big Data service processes massive amounts of data with managed clusters of Hadoop clusters in the cloud.

Azure HDInsight

This Azure AI service provides a collaborative, drag-and-drop visual workspace where you can build, test, and deploy machine learning solutions using pre-built machine learning algorithms and data-handling modules

Azure Machine Learning Studio

When you need additional virtual machines to speed up your application, you should do this.

Scale Out (aka horizontal scaling)

There are several Azure services that do not require you to select a particular region. Name up to three.

Microsoft Azure Active Directory, Microsoft Azure Traffic Manager, and Azure DNS

This is a geographical area on the planet containing at least one, but potentially multiple datacenters that are nearby and networked together with a low-latency network

An Azure region

This is a discrete market typically containing two or more regions that preserve data residency and compliance boundaries.

An Azure Geography

This refers to the physical or geographic location of an organization's data or information. It defines the legal or regulatory requirements imposed on data based on where that data resides (the country or region).

Data residency

These are physically separate datacenters within an Azure region.

Availability Zones

When you pin a resource to a specific zone (for example, virtual machines, managed disks, IP addresses), you are said to be using this

Zonal services

When a platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database), you are said to be using this.

Zone-redundant services

The minimum number of zones in a single region

Three (3)

An Azure region is always paired with another region within the same geography (such as US, Europe, or Asia) at least 300 miles away. What is the Azure term for this?

A region pair

1. Performance targets, 2. uptime and connectivity guarantees, and 3. service credits are the three characteristics of this

Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

When combining SLAs across different service offerings, the resultant SLA is called this.

A Composite SLA

This is the ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function.

Resiliency

The goal of this is to identify possible points of failure and to define how the application will respond to those failures.

Failure Mode Analysis (FMA)

This is a module that you can install for Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core, which is a cross-platform version of PowerShell that runs on Windows, Linux, or macOS.

Azure PowerShell

This is an interactive, authenticated, browser-accessible shell for managing Azure resources. This has a suite of developer tools, text editors, and other tools available.

Azure Cloud Shell

This is a free service built into Azure that provides recommendations on high availability, security, performance, operational excellence, and cost. This also provides information on best practices.

Azure Advisor

An Azure feature marked this is available to all Azure customers for evaluation purposes. These previews can be turned on through the preview features page as detailed below.

Public Preview

An Azure feature marked this is available to specific Azure customers for evaluation purposes. This is typically by invite only and issued directly by the product team responsible for the feature or service.

Private Preview

Name two ways to stay informed as to new Azure features and releases

The preview features page, and subscribing to RSS Feeds

Name the four common techniques for performing compute in Azure

Virtual machines Containers Azure App Service Serverless computing

This is an on-demand computing service for running cloud-based applications. This provides computing resources like multi-core processors and supercomputers via virtual machines and containers. This also provides serverless computing to run apps without requiring infrastructure setup or configuration. The resources are available on-demand and can typically be created in minutes or even seconds.

Azure compute

Unlike VMs, these don't include an operating system for the apps running inside the container. Instead, these bundle the libraries and components needed to run the application and use the existing host OS running underneath.

Containers

Azure App Service falls into this cloud category of computing.

Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)

This is a cloud-hosted execution environment that runs your code but completely abstracts the underlying hosting environment. You create an instance of this, and you add your code; no infrastructure configuration or maintenance is required, or even allowed.

Serverless computing

Azure Virtual Machines (VMs) falls into this category of cloud computing.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

This a logical grouping of two or more VMs that help keep your application available during planned or unplanned maintenance. Interestingly, there is no cost for an this. A user simply pays for the VMs.

An availability set

This indicates groups of VMs and underlying physical hardware that can be rebooted at the same time.

Update domains

A group of virtual machines that share common hardware are in the same this.

Fault Domain

This lets you create and manage a group of identical, load balanced VMs.

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Set

The task of automating, managing, and interacting with a large number of containers is known as this. This is a collection of functions or steps, that are executed to accomplish a complex task.

Orchestration

This architecture is where you break solutions into smaller, independent pieces. For example, you may split a website into a container hosting your front end, another hosting your back end, and a third for storage.

microservice architecture

This lets you provision Azure Cloud Services directly from Kubernetes or Cloud Foundry

Open Service Broker for Azure (OSBA)

This allows you to run a program (.exe, Java, PHP, Python, or Node.js) or script (.cmd, .bat, PowerShell, or Bash) in the same context as a web app, API app, or mobile app. They can be scheduled, or run by a trigger. These are often used to run background tasks as part of your application logic.

Web jobs

This encompasses three ideas: the abstraction of servers, an event-driven scale, and micro-billing.

Serverless computing

The two implementations of serverless compute/computing are:

Azure Functions | Azure Logic Apps

These scale automatically based on demand, so they're a solid choice when demand is variable. These are created with code.

Azure Functions

These are created using a visual designer on the Azure portal or in Visual Studio. These are persisted as a JSON file with a known workflow schema. These are created with a GUI.

Logic App workflows

Azure Functions uses this for monitoring

Azure Application Insights

The amount of outgoing network bandwidth an Azure resource consumes is called this

egress

An Azure Reserved Virtual Machine Instance is a virtual machine (VM) on the Microsoft Azure public cloud that has been reserved for dedicated use on a one- or three-year basis.

Azure Reserved Virtual Machine Instance

Azure tool that a user can use to calculate the total cost of ownership for a given Azure solution.

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculator

Name some cost assumptions that the TCO calculator allows a user to take into account when calculating TCO.

``` Virtual machine costs Electricity costs Storage costs IT labor costs Hardware costs Software costs Virtualization costs Datacenter costs Networking costs Database costs ```

Name some ways to save on Azure infrastructure costs

``` Use Azure credits Use reserved instances Use spending limits Choose low-cost locations Right-size underutilized machines Deallocate virtual machines in off hours Delete unused virtual machines Migrate to PaaS or SaaS services ```

This allow organizations to create websites which can be shared with users external to their organization either anonymously or through the login provider of their choice like LinkedIn, Microsoft Account, other commercial login providers.

PowerApps Portals

This allows you to detect potential vulnerabilities affecting your organization’s identities, configure automated responses, and investigate incidents.

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Identity Protection

This is a service that enables you to manage, control, and monitor access to important resources in your organization - including MFA.

Azure AD Privileged Identity Management

This, also known as a virtual machine monitor, is a process that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).

Hypervisor

This is the process of adding resources to increase the power of an existing server. Some examples of are: adding more CPUs, or adding more memory.

Vertical scaling, also known as "scaling up".

This is the ability to quickly expand or decrease computer processing, memory, and storage resources to meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak usage.

Elastic computing

This is a term that describes where redundancy is often built int a system, such that if one component fails, a backup component takes its place.

Fault Tolerance

Name 3 types of OpEx costs

Leasing software, scaling charges based on usage/demand instead of fixed hardware or capacity, billing at the user or organization level.

With this type of cloud, you have no local hardware to manage or keep up-to-date – everything runs on your cloud provider's hardware.

Public cloud

In this type of cloud, you create a cloud environment in your own datacenter and provide self-service access to compute resources to users in your organization.

Private cloud

This Azure support plan provides 1 business day response.

Developer

This Azure support plan provides 1-hour response for critical cases.

Standard

This Azure support plan provides 1-hour response + priority tracking of critical cases.

Professional Direct

This Azure community resource allows you to review community responses to questions about System and Network Administration in Azure.

Server Fault