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Module 3B - Axilla, Anterior Chest and Breast > Axilla, Anterior Chest and Breast > Flashcards

Axilla, Anterior Chest and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Pyramidal/pyramid-shaped space

A

Axilla

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2
Q

Location of Axilla:

Inferior to _______
Superior to _______

A

Location of Axilla:

Inferior to Glenohumeral joint
Superior to Axillary fascia at junction of arm and thorax

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3
Q

Function of axilla

A

Passageway “Distribution Center” for neuromuscular structures protected by ADDUCTED upper limb

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4
Q

Neuromuscular structures pass through via:

Superiorly:
Anteriorly:
Inferiorly and laterally:
Posteriorly:
Inferiorly and medially:

A

Neuromuscular structures pass through via:

Superiorly: cervico-axillary canal to and from root of neck
Anteriorly: clavipectoral triangle to the pectoral region
Inferiorly and laterally: into limb itself
Posteriorly: quadrangular space to scapular region
Inferiorly and medially: along thoracic wall to inferiorly-placed axis - appendicular muscles (serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi)

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5
Q

T/F: Axilla is an important passage for nerves, blood, and lymph vessels from root of neck to upper limb.

A

True

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6
Q

Boundaries of axila

A

Apex
Base
4 Walls

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7
Q

Causes axilla to rapidly resume the protected position when invasion threatens

A

Tickle reflex

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8
Q

APEX of axilla

A

Cervico-axillary canal bounded by:

1st rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula

Arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves transverse in this opening to pass to or from the arm

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9
Q

BASE of axilla

A

1. Concave skin
2. Subcutaneous tissue
3. Deep axillary fascia

Deep axillary fascia: from arm to thoracic wall (4th rib level)
Base of axilla forms the axillary fossa

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10
Q

Axillary fossa: _______

A

Armpit

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11
Q

2 layers of ANTERIOR WALL of axilla

A

2 layers of ANTERIOR WALL of axilla

Anterior:
Pecs (Major and minor)
Pectoral and clavipectoral fascia

Inferior:
Anterior axillary fold (may be grasped between fingers)

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12
Q

POSTERIOR WALL of axilla

A

POSTERIOR WALL of axilla

Anterior:
Scapula
Subscapularis

Inferior:
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi

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13
Q

Inferiormost of posterior wall

A

Posterior axillary fold

(May be grasped, extends father inferiorly than the anterior wall)

Axillary fold is made up of: Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Overlying Integument

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14
Q

MEDIAL WALL of axilla

A

Thoracic wall (1st - 4th ribs and intercostal muscles), and overlying Serratus Anterior

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15
Q

LATERAL WALL of axilla

A

Narrow bony wall formed by Intertubercular sulcus in the humerus

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16
Q

Describe:

Axillary Artery

A

Begins at lateral border of 1st rib as continuation of subsclavian artery;

Ends at inferior border of teres major

Passes posterior to pectoralis minor in arm&raquo_space; Brachial Artery when it passes inferior border of teres major, and has reached humerus

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17
Q

What divides Axillary Artery into 3 parts?

A

Pectoralis Minor

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18
Q

Describe:

1st part of axillary artery

A

Location: Between lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of pectoralis minor

Enclosed in: Axillary sheath

Has ONE branch = Superior thoracic artery

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19
Q

Describe:

2nd part of axillary artery

A

Location: posterior to pectoralis minor

Has TWO branches:
1. Thoraco-acromial - passes medially to muscle
2. Lateral thoracic arteries - passes laterally to muscle

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20
Q

Describe:

3rd part of axillary artery

A

Location: Extends from lateral border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major

Has THREE branches:
1. Subscapular artery - Largest branch of axillary artery
2. anterior circumflex humeral artery
3. posterior circumflex humeral arteries

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21
Q

Which is the largest branch of axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery

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22
Q

Identify:

Small, highly variable vessel that arises just inferior to subclavius

A

Superior Thoracic Artery

STA anastomoses with intercostal and/or internal thoracic arteries

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23
Q

True or False:

Superior Thoracic Artery commonly runs inferomedially anterior to axillary vein.

A

FALSE

STA runs inferomedially posterior to axillary vein.

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24
Q

Which muscles are supplied to by STA?

A

Subclavius muscles in 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
Superior slips of Serratus Anterior
Overlying Pectoral Muscles

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25
Q

Short wide trunk, which pierces costocoracoid membrane

A

Thoraco-Acromial Artery

Divides into 4 branches: Acromial, Deltoid, Pectoral, and Clavicular

Divides deep to clavicular head of pectoralis major

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26
Q

Arises as the 2nd branch of 2nd part of axillary artery and descends along lateral border of pectoralis minor

From thoracic wall, may arise from *thoraco-acromial, suprascapular, or subscapular arteries

A

Lateral Thoracic Artery

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27
Q

Lateral thoracic artery supplies the _____________ (5)

A

1. Pectoral muscles
2. Serratus anterior
3. Intercostal muscles
4. Axillary lymph nodes
5. Lateral aspect of breast*

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28
Q

Axillary artery branch with the greatest diameter but shortest length descends along lateral border of subscapularies on posterior axillary wall

A

Subscapular Artery

Terminates by dividing into: circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery

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29
Q

Larger terminal branch of subscapular artery

A

Circumflex Scapular Artery

Curves posteriorly around lateral border of scapula
Pass posteriorly between subscapularis and teres major to supply muscles on the dorsum of scapula
Participates in anastomoses around scapula

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30
Q

Continues the course of subscapular artery to the inferior angle of the scapula and supplies adjacent muscles, principally latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal Artery

Participates in anastomoses around scapula

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31
Q

Encircle surgical neck of humerus, anastomosing with each other

A

Circumflex Humeral Arteries

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32
Q

Smaller circumflex humeral artery which passess laterally, deep to coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

A

Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Gives off an ascending branch that supplies the shoulder

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33
Q

Larger circumflex humeral artery which passes medially through *posterior wall of axilla via quadrangular space with axillary nerve to supply glenohumeral joint and surrounding muscles

A

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

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34
Q

Formed by union of brachial vein and basilic vein at the inferior border of teres major

Lies initially (distally) on anteromedial side of axillary artery with its terminal part antero-inferior to artery

A

Axillary Vein

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35
Q

Three parts that correspond to 3 parts of axillary artery

A
  1. Initial, distal end is the 3rd part
  2. Terminal, proximal end is the 1st part
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36
Q

Ends at lateral border of 1st rib, where it becomes subclavian vein

A

Axillary Vein

Veins of axilla are:
more abundant than arteries
highly variable
frequently anastomose

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37
Q

Describe

A
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Module 3B - Axilla, Anterior Chest and Breast (1 decks)

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