Axilla and It’s Contents Flashcards
Axilla is what kind of space?
Pyramidal
Axilla is located inferior to ———— and superior to ———— at the junction of the ——— and ———
Shoulder joint, Axilla fascia, arm and thorax
Shape and size of axilla varies with position of ———
Arm
The axilla has —— apex, ——- base, ——— its ——- walls
An Apex, A base, four walls
Apex of axilla is the ———- canal
Cervicoaxillary
The apex of the axilla is the passage way between ——— and ———-
Neck and axilla
The apex of the axilla lies between ———, ———- and ———
1st rib, clavicle and superior edge of scapular
At the apex there’s Transmission of blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. T/F
True
The base of the axilla is formed by ——-, ——— and axilla fascia
Skin, subcutaneous tissue
The extent of the base is —— to ——-
Arm——— thoracic wall(4th rib)
The base forms what?
Axillary fossa(armpit)
The base is bounded by what?
Anterior and posterior axillary folds, thoracic wall, medial aspect of the arm
The anterior wall is formed by?
Pectoralis major, minor and associated pectoral and clavicopectoral fasciae
What is the inferior most part of the anterior wall?
Anterior axillary fold
Anterior axillary wall is formed by?
Pectoralis major and overlying skin
Posterior wall of axilla is formed by?
Formed mainly by Scapularis, subscapularis, inferiorly by teres major, latissimus dorsi
What is the inferiormost part of posterior axillary wall?
Posterior axillary fold
Posterior axillary fold is formed by?
Latissimus dorsi, teres major and overlying skin
The medial wall of the axilla is formed by?
Thorax, 1-4th ribs, associated intercostal muscles, overlying serratus anterior muscle
Lateral wall is formed by?
Intertubercular groove of humerus
Contents of axilla
Axillary vein, artery, lymph nodes, cords and branches of brachial plexus
Course of axillary artery; Begins where? As continuation of what? Passes posterior to what and into what? Terminates where? Becomes what?
Lateral border of the 1st rib Subclavian artery Pectoralis minor into the arm Inferior border of teres major Brachial artery
Axillary is divided into three parts by what muscle?
Pectoralis minor
The first part of the axillary artery is between the medial border of the first rib and lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle. T/F
False. It’s between the lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of Pectoralis minor
The superior thoracic artery is a large vessel. T/F
False. Small vessel
The superior thoracic artery arises from the first part of axillary artery just below what?
Subclavius
Superior thoracic artery supplies?
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
1-2 intercostal muscles
Overlying pectoral muscles
Thoracoacromial artery is deep to what muscle?, pierces what structure?, divides into how many branches? Deep to what?
Pectoralis minor
Costocoracoid membrane
4 branches
Clavicular head of pectoralis major
What are the branches of thoracoacromial artery?
Pectoral
Clavicular
Deltoid
Acromial
What branch of the axillary artery is described as a short wide trunk
Thoracoacromial artery
What artery has a viable origin?
Lateral thoracic artery
The lateral thoracic artery descends where?
Along the lateral border of pectoralis minor
Lateral thoracic artery can also arise from?
Thoracoacromial, suprascapular, subscapular artery
Lateral thoracic artery supplies what?
Serratus anterior Axillary lymph nodes Intercostal muscles Lateral aspect of the breast Pectoral muscles
What’s the largest branch of the axillary artery?
Subscapular artery
The subscapular artery descends along where?
Lateral border of subscapularis on posterior axillary wall
Subscapular artery supplies?
Subscapular
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Subscapular artery divided into?
Circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries
Circumflex scapular is the largest branch of the subscapular. T/F
True
Circumflex scapular curves anteriorly around axillary border of scapular, passing posteriorly between subscapularis and teres major muscles
False. Curves posteriorly
Circumflex scapular supplies what and participates in what?
Muscles of the dorsum of the scapular
Participates in scapular anastomoses
Thoracodorsal artery is a continuation of what?
Subscapular artery
Thoracodorsal artery continues to ———- of the scapular, participates in ————- and supplies ————-
Inferior angle, anastomoses, latisssimus dorsi
Circumflex humeral artery is opposite what artery?
Subscapular artery
CHA pass around the anatomical neck of the humerus to anastomose with each other. T/F
False. Surgical neck
Anterior circumflex humeral artery is the larger of the two humeral arteries. T/F
False
ACHA passes laterally deep to what muscles?
Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii
ACHA gives off ascending branches that supplies?
Shoulder
PCHA is the larger branch of the two CHA. T/F
True
PCHA passes medially thorough the ———— wall of axilla via the ———— space accompanied by ——————
Posterior, quadrangular, axillary nerve
PCHA supplies?
Shoulder joint, surrounding muscles(deltoid, teres major and minor, long head of triceps)
Axillary vein is formed where?
Inferior border of teres major muscle
Axillary vein is formed by the union of?
Basilic and Brachial vein
Axillary vein lies on the lateral aspect of the axillary artery. T/F
False. Medial
When the arm is abducted fully, axillary vein lies ———-and ———- to the axillary artery.
Anterior and superior
Where does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein?
Lateral border of the first rib
Axillary lymph node is arranged into how many groups?
5
Apical group lies along the medial side of ———— and first part of ———-
Axillary vein, axillary artery
Apical lymph node receives lymph from every other group of lymph nodes plus lymphatics of proximal cephalic vein. T/F
T
Anterior group has 3-6 nodes. T/F
F. 3-5
What group lies around the medial wall of axilla around the lateral thoracic vein and the inferior border of pectoralis minor
Pectoral/Anterior group
Anterior group of lymph nodes receive lymph mainly from?
Anterior thoracic wall + breast
Efferent lymph vessels pass to —— and ——— groups
Central, Apical
Subscapular region consists of how many lymph nodes?
6 or 7
Posterior group lie along the posterior axillary fold and subscapular blood vessels. T/F
True
Subscapular group receives lymph from the anterior aspect of the thoracic wall and scapular region. T/F
False. Posterior
Efferent lymph vessels of posterior group pass where?
Central, Apical
How many lymph nodes are in the humeral group?
4-6
The humeral group of lymph nodes lie along the lateral wall of the axilla medial and posterior to ————
Axillary vein
The humeral group receives lymph from almost all lymph of upper limb except?
Lymphatic vessels accompanying ceohalic vein
Central consists of three to four lymph nodes. T/F
Situated superficial to pectoralis minor near the base of the axilla. T/F
Receives lymph from ———, ——— and ———
True
False. Deep
Anterior, posterior, lateral groups
Efferent vessels from central groups pass where?
Apical groups of lymph nodes
To compensate for the temporary occlusion of the lumen of axillary artery, an anastomosis between ——— and ——— exists
Subclavian artery, axillary artery
What vessels are involved in anastomoses?
Axillary artery-Subscapular
Subclavian artery-Dorsal scapular, Supra scapular
Clinical anatomy
Compression of axillary artery
Expansion of axillary vein
Enlargement of axillary lymph nodes
Aneurysm of axillary artery
Efferent vessels of apical lymph nodes unite to form?
Subclavian lymphatic trunk
The subclavian lymphatic trunk on the right side may join the bronchiomediastinal trunks to form the —————- or enter the right venous angle independently
What happens to the subclavian lymphatic duct on the left side?
Right lymphatic duct
It Joins the thoracic duct
