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SF1.09 Brachial Plexus (SEIDEN) > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

The arterial supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the upper limb all pass through the:

A

axilla

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2
Q

The lymph nodes of the axilla receive drainage from:

A
  • back
  • neck
  • upper limb
  • anterior chest wall (including the breast)
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3
Q

The shoulder girdle consists of:

A
  • scapula and clavicle
  • no joint connection to the back; only muscle
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4
Q

Muscles that connect the shoulder girdle to the back:

A
  • levator scapulae
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • latissimus dorsi
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5
Q

What is the only joint connecting the should girdle/upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

Label:

A
  • left: head of humerus
  • right: glenoid fossa
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7
Q

Label:

A

glenohumeral joint

  • between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula.
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8
Q

The four walls of the axilla:

A
  • posterior (back)
  • lateral (side)
  • anterior (front)
  • medial (bottom)
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9
Q

Composition of the Lateral Wall of the axilla:

A

Humerus (bicipital groove)

  • where the anterior and posterior walls converge
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10
Q

Composition of the Anterior Wall of the axilla:

A
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Pectoralis Minor
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11
Q

Composition of the Medial Wall of the axilla:

A
  • Serratus Anterior
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12
Q

Composition of the Posterior Wall of the axilla:

A
  • Subcapularis
  • Teres major
  • Latissimus Dorsi
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13
Q

Axillary Arteries Diagram:

A
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14
Q

Label:

A
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15
Q

Three cords of the brachial plexus run through the axilla and surround the axillary artery. What are the three cords?

A
  • lateral
  • medial
  • posterior
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16
Q

Axillary sheath:

A
  • connective tissue that surrounds the axillary artery and brachial plexus cords.
  • axillary vein is not contained in the axillary sheath.
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17
Q

An aneurysm of the axillary artery can cause:

A
  • compression of the brachial plexus cords due to their containment in the axillary sheath.
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18
Q

A nerve plexus is:

A
  • a network of nerve fibers that arise from multiple sources, intermingle, and then give rise to nerves that contain nerve fibers from these multiple sources.
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19
Q

The multiple sources of nerve fibers in the brachial plexus are:

A
  • anterior rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
20
Q

The lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus contain only _______ nerve fibers.

A
  • anterior division
21
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus contains only _________ nerve fibers.

A
  • posterior division
22
Q

What terminal nerves of the brachial plexus contain only anterior division fibers?

A
  • musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves
23
Q

What terminal nerves of the brachial plexus contain only posterior division fibers?

A
  • radial and axillary nerves
24
Q

What are the collateral nerves of the brachial plexus?

A
  • long thoracic nerve
  • dorsal scapular and suprascapular nerves
  • three subscapular nerves (from posterior cord)
  • lateral and medial pectoral nerves (from lateral and medial cords)
25
Q

The three subscapular nerves of the brachial plexus innervate:

A
  • muscles that form the posterior wall of the axilla
26
Q

The lateral and medial pectoral nerves of the brachial plexus innervate:

A
  • muscles that form the anterior wall of the axilla
27
Q

The long thoracic nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • muscle on the medial wall of the axilla.
28
Q

The dorsal scapular and suprascapular nerves of the brachial plexus innervate:

A

muscles of the shoulder girdle.

29
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • all muscles of anterior arm.
30
Q

The median nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • most muscles of anterior forearm (except 1.5)
  • remaining muscles innervated by ulnar nerve
31
Q

The ulnar nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • most muscles of anterior hand (except 5)
  • remaining muscles innervated by median nerve
32
Q

The radial nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • all muscles of posterior arm and forearm.
33
Q

The axillary nerve of the brachial plexus innervates:

A
  • only two muscles: deltoid and teres minor.
34
Q

The collateral nerves of the brachial plexus innervate:

A
  • proximal muscles of shoulder and axillary walls
35
Q

Segmental innervation of the muscles of the upper limb has what kind of gradient?

A
  • “proximo-distal gradient”
    • more proximal muscles innervated by higher spinal cord segments.
    • more distal muscles innervated by lower spinal cord segments.
36
Q

The median nerve contains nerve fibers from C6 to T1, and innervates the anterior muscles of the forearm. What is the segmental innervation?

A
  • proximal forearm: C6 and C7
  • distal forearm: C7 and C8
  • hand muscles: C8 and T1
37
Q

In general, higher spinal cord segments provide sensory innervation to the ______ side of the upper limb.

A

lateral side

38
Q

In general, lower spinal cord segments provide sensory innervation to the ______ side of the upper limb.

A

medial side

39
Q

In general, pre-plexus nerve injuries (i.e. SUPRACLAVICULAR) will result in:

A
  • dermatomal sensory losses and segmental muscular weakness.
40
Q

In general, post-plexus nerve injuries (i.e. INFRACLAVICULAR) will result in:

A
  • cutaneous nerve sensory losses and muscle paralysis related to specific terminal/collateral nerves.
41
Q

The long thoracic nerve (LTN) innervates what muscle?

A
  • serratus anterior muscle.
  • injury leads to “winged-scapula”.
42
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve predecesor and innervation:

A
  • arises from posterior cord of the brachial plexus
  • innervates latissimus dorsi (attaches to humeral head)
  • injury results in deficits in arm movement
43
Q

Label dermatomes:

A
44
Q

Label dermatomes:

A
45
Q

Label nerves:

A

SF1.09 Brachial Plexus (SEIDEN) (2 decks)

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