Axilla Flashcards
What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?
pectoralis major & minor
What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?
subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps
What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?
humerus
What makes up the apex of the axilla?
1st rib, clavicle, superior scapula
What makes up the base of the axilla?
fascia & skin
What are the 1st section branches of the axillary artery?
superior thoracic artery (along pec minor)
What does the superior thoracic artery supply?
1st-2nd intercostal spaces, subclavius, superior serratus anterior
What are the 2nd section branches of the axillary artery?
thoracoacromial artery (trunk) - 4 branches->pectoral, deltoid, acromial, clavicular
lateral thoracic artery (travels with long thoracic nerve then descends lateral thoracic wall)
What does the thoracoacromial artery (trunk) supply?
1st-2nd intercostal spaces
What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?
pectoral muscles, serratus anterior, intercostal muscles, lateral breast
What are the 3rd section branches of the axillary artery?
subscapular - 2 branches->circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
What does the subscapular artery supply?
circumflex scapular - posteriorly around lateral scapula border, dorsal scapula (anastomosis)
thoracodorsal - latissimus dorsi
What is the difference between anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries? What do they supply?
anterior - smaller and passes laterally
posterior - larger and passes medially (with axillary nerve)
encircle humerus surgical neck
deltoid, teres major & minor, long head of triceps
What makes up the scapular anastomosis? (Where are they from?)
dorsal scapular (subclavian), suprascapular (subclavian), circumflex scapular (subscapular), & intercostal branches
Describe the brachial plexus
ventral rami of C5-T1, passes between anterior & middle scalenes, sensory & motor to upper limbs
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus and what are their roots?
Musculocutaneous: lateral cord, C5-C7
Axillary: posterior cord, C5-C6
Radial: posterior cord, C5-T1
Median: lateral cord & medial cord, C6-T1
Ulnar: medial cord, C8-T1
Where does the axillary nerve travel?
passes through quadrangular space with posterior circumflex artery (humerus surgical neck)
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
deltoid & teres minor
What is the sensory to the axillary nerve?
upper lateral arm
Where does the musculocutaneous nerve travel?
pierces coracobracialis muscles & descends between brachialis & biceps
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
anterior compartment of arm: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
What is the sensory to the musculocutaneous nerve?
lateral forearm
Where does the radial nerve travel?
posterior to humerus in medial groove with deep brachial artery (susceptible to humeral shaft fracture)
What does the radial nerve innervate?
all posterior arm & forearm
What is the sensory to the radial nerve?
posterior & inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, dorsum of hand
Where does the median nerve travel?
adjacent to brachial artery (no branches to arm)
What does the median nerve innervate?
forearm & hand (except flexor carpi ulnaris & half of flexor digitorum profundus)
What is the sensory to the median nerve?
lateral palmar skin
Where does the ulnar nerve travel?
descends medially in arm, passes posterior to medial epicondyle of the humerus
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus, most intrinsic muscles of the hand
What is the sensory to the ulnar nerve?
medial 1.5 digits & medial aspect of hand
What makes up the medial wall of the axilla?
upper rib cage-4th rib, intercostals, serratus anterior
