Axial Skeleton Anatomy Essentials

Question 1

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

Answer 1

Spine and Ribcage

Question 2

Which muscle(s) attach to the linea alba?

Answer 2

1) External Oblique
2) Internal Oblique
3) Transversus Abdominus

Question 3

Kyphosis is concave from the…

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

What spinal curves are seen at the cervical and thoracic spine?

Answer 4

Lordosis and kyphosis

Question 5

Which of the following contributes toward directional range of motion biases in various regions of the spine?

Answer 5

Bony morphology

Question 6

Morphology meaning ?

Answer 6

Study of the shapes

Question 7

Which muscle attaches proximally to the pubic symphysis?

Erector spinae
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique

Answer 7

Rectus abdominis

Question 8

Which direction does the thoracic diaphragm push the abdominal viscera when it concentrically contracts?

Answer 8

Downward

Question 9

Which spinal areas are biased heavily towards rotation?

C0-C1
C1-C2
C3-C7
T1
T2-T7
T8-T12
L1-L5

Answer 9

1) C1-C2
2) C3-C7
3) T2-T7

Question 10

Which spinal areas are heavily biased towards sidebending?

Answer 10

T8-T12

Question 11

What is the difference between the true ribs (1-7) and the false ribs (8-10)?

Answer 11

True ribs have a direct sternal attachment, false ribs do not

Question 12

The floating ribs lack costal cartilage T or F

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What parts of the ribcage form the infrasternal angle (ISA)?

Answer 13

Medial margins of lower ribcage

Question 14

From top (superior) to bottom (inferior), what are the three pieces of the sternum?

Answer 14

Manubrium –> body –> xiphoid

Question 15

Which of the following muscles compresses the ribcage laterally (select all that apply)

Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Serratus anterior

Answer 15

1)External oblique
2)Internal oblique
3)Serratus anterior

Question 16

Which of the following muscles compresses the ribcage anteroposteriorly? (select all that apply)

Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Serratus anterior

Answer 16

Transversus abdominis

Question 17

What spinal curves are seen at the sacrum and the lumbar spine?

Answer 17

Kyphosis and lordosis

Question 18

Which way does the the pelvic diaphragm push the viscera when it concentrically contracts?

Answer 18

Upwards

Question 19

Lordosis is convex from the

Answer 19

Anterior

Question 20

The pectoralis minor does what action to the ribcage?

Elevates
Depresses
Ipsilateral rotation
Contralateral rotation

Answer 20

Elevates

Question 21

What is the difference in torso rotation between the external and internal oblique?

External rotates ipsilaterally, internal rotates contralaterally

External rotates contralaterally, internal rotates ipsilaterally

There is no difference

Answer 21

External rotates contralaterally, internal rotates ipsilaterally

Question 22

What is external obliques proximal attachment?

Outer surface of ribs 5-12
Upper 8-9 ribs
Inguinal ligament
Lumbar spine and lower 6 ribs

Answer 22

Outer surface of ribs 5-12

Question 23

Which of the following muscles attaches proximally to –> thoracolumbar fascia, front 2/3rd of the innominate, and inguinal ligament

Erector spinae
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Answer 23

Internal oblique

Question 24

True or false, the thoracic diaphragm attaches to the thoracic spine (T8-10), lower 3 ribs, and the xiphoid process

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Which spinal areas are most biased towards flexion and extension? C0-C1 C1-2 C3-7 T1 T2-7 T8-12 L1-L5

Answer 25

1) C0-C1 2) L1-L5

Question 26

Which ribs do the pectoralis minor attach to? Only ribs 3-5 Only ribs 5-12 Only upper 8-9 ribs Only ribs 1-6

Answer 26

Rips 3-5

Question 27

What muscles attach to the inner part of the lower innominate bones? Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis Erector spinae Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 27

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 28

Where does the thoracic diaphragm attach distally? Ribs 10-12 Xiphoid process Central tendon Linea alba

Answer 28

Central Tendom

Question 29

What is the most superior attachment of the erector spinae? Ribs 2-12 Upper thoracic spinous processes Cervical spinous processes Base of skull Top of the skull

Answer 29

Base of skull

Question 30

True or false, the pectoralis major attaches to the sternum

Answer 30

True