Axial Skeleton Flashcards
How many bones in the axial skeleton? What sections are the broken into and how many in each?
80 total;
Skull 29
Vertebral column 26 (Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum 5 fused, Coccyx 4 fused)
Thoracic Cage 25 (Ribs 24, Sternum 1)
What are the functions of bones?
Internal framework/support, protect organs, bear body’s weight
What is a laminectomy and why would it be preformed?
Removal of lamina in a spot along the spine to help relieve pressure in spinal canal
What are the two curvatures of the spine and what is included in each?
Primary curvature: “accomodation”: Thoracic and Sacrum, concave, begins formation in uterus, spine is C shaped as newborn
Secondary curvature: “compensation”: Cervical and Lumbar: convex shaped, cervical begins around 3-4mo allowing baby to lift head and lumbar begins around 1 year allowing baby to walk)
What are the three spinal curve abnormalities and their implications?
Kyphosis: exaggerated thoracic curvature(hunchback)
Lordosis: Exaggerated lumbar curvature (protrusion of abdomen and butt)
Scoliosis: most common, lateral curvature
What are the components of the intervertebral disc and its function? What is the implication if structure isn’t maintained?
Anulus fibrosus: outer ring of fibrocartilage
Nucleus pulposas: inner circulate region w high water content
-provides shock protection of the spine
-herniated disc results from nucleus pulposas bulging thru the anulus fibrosus
What are the defining characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?
Largest vertebral foramen
Small
Transverse foramina (passage for vertebral arteries)
What is the name of C1, what is its primary function and some defining characteristics?
Atlas, supports the head
Atlanto-occipital joint (articulates with occipital condyles) allow for “yes”movement of head
Has superior articulate facets and articulate facet for dens
What is the name of C2 and its function/characteristics?
Axis
Atlantoaxial joint allows for “no” mov’t of head
Has dens which articulates w atlas
What is C7 and defining characteristic?
Vertebra Prominens: palpates through skin bc longest spinous process of cervical vertebra, serves as landmark for identifying vertebra
What are characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
Heart shaped body
Have costal facets/Demi facets
What are costal facets/demifacets? Where are they located? What are the variations between T1-T12?
Where the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae, located on the body of T1-T12 and the transverse processes of T1-T10
T1=full CF for R1, DF for R2
T2-T8=2 demifacets (superior and inferior on body of vertebra)
T9=only superior DF on body
T10-T12=single whole facet
What are true ribs?
T1-T7=articulate directly to sternum via costal cartilages
What are false ribs and floating ribs?
T8-T12=False ribs bc do not directly articulate w sternum
T11 & T12= floating ribs bc do not articulate at all
What are characteristics of lumbar vertebrae?
Largest body
Spinous process is thick and project posteriorly
