Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Bones of the neurocranium
Parietal (2), temporal (2), frontal, sphenoid, occipital, ethmoid
Bones of the viscerocranium
Maxilla (2), zygomatic (2), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), mandible, vomer
Cranial fossa
Anterior, middle, posterior
Associated bones
Auditory ossicles (6, 3 each ear: malleus, incus, stapes) Hyoid
Major sutures
Sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoid, sutures bone
Minor sutures
Sphenosquamous, sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal
Bones of the orbit
FLaME SPaZ: Frontal, Lacrimal, Maxilla, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Palatine, Zygomatic
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid all, ethmoid all, maxillary
Fontanelles
Anterior, posterior, sphenoidal, mastoidal, metopic (frontal)
Occipital bone landmarks
External occipital protuberance, external occipital crest, occipital condyles
Occipital bone foramina
Foramen magnum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, occipital (condylar) canal
Axial Skeleton: Number and Division of bones
80 bones:
- Skull: 22 (8 neurocranium, 14 viscerocranium)
- Associated bone: 7 (6 auditory ossicles, 1 hyoid)
- vertebral column: 26 (24 vertebrae, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
- thoracic cage: 25 (1 sternum, 24 ribs)
Parietal bone landmarks
Superior temporal line, inferior temporal line
Frontal bone landmarks
Frontal sinus
Frontal none foramina
Supraorbital foramen, supraorbital notch
Temporal bone landmarks
Zygomatic process, mandibular (glenoid) fossa, mastoid process, styloid process
Temporal bone foramina
Foramen lacerum, external and internal acoustic (auditory) meatus (canal), style mastoid foramen, carotid canal
Sphenoidal landmarks
Sella turcica (Turkish saddle), lesser wing, greater wing, sphenoidal sinus, lateral pterygoid plate, medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid fossa
Sphenoidal foramina
Foramen ovals, foramen spoon sum, foramen lacerum, optic canals, superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, pterygomaxillary fissure
Ethmoidal landmarks
Cribiform plate, Crista galli, superior nasal conchae, middle nasal conchae
Ethmoidal foramina
Olfactory foramina
Nasal septum
Composed of perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer bone, cartilage of septum, crest of maxilla, crest of palatine
Maxillary landmarks
Maxillary sinus, alveolar process and margin, anterior nasal spine, palatine process, maxillary tuberosity
Maxillary foramina
Infraorbital foramen, nasolacrimal canal, incisive fossa
Palatine bone landmarks
Horizontal plate
Palatine bone foramina
Greater palatine foramen, lesser palatine foramen, choanae
Hard palate
Palatine process of the maxilla, horizontal plates of the palatine bone, transverse palatine suture, median palatine suture (inter maxillary and inter palatine sutures)
Zygomatic bone landmarks
Temporal process of the zygomatic arch
Mandibular landmarks
Body, angle, Ramus, coronoid process, condylar process, mandibular (sigmoid) notch, alveolar processes and margin
Mandibular foramina
Mandibular foramen, mental foramen
Vertebral column
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacrum, 3-5 coccyx
Vertebral design
Vertebral body, vertebral arch (pedicel and Lamina), superior and inferior articulate process/facet, transfers process, spinous process
Cervical Vertebra
- Bifid spinous process, transverse foramina. C1: Atlas, “yes” movement. C2: axis, “no” movement
