Axial Skeleton Flashcards
How many types of bones are there?
There are 5 different
kinds of bones:
-Long bones
-Flat bones
-Short bones
-Irregular bones
-Sesamoid bone (only
one)
Ephiseal Plate
when the bone is still growing
Epiphyseal line
when the bone is mature
Why is Sinus important?
*Sinuses are important in voice resonance
How does Sinuses help with the skull?
*Sinuses lighten the weight of the skull
What does the cervical have?
C1-C7 have transverse
foramina
What makes C2-C6 special?
C2-C6 have bifid process
What is the atlas?
articulates
with the skull, with the
occipital condyles and does
not have a body, nor a
spinous process
C2 Axis
notice the dens
makes a pivot point on
which skull pivots. It
articulates with C1 to allow
the ‘no movement
Herniated Disc
when the softer nucleus
pulposus protrudes through the harder outer annulus fibrosis (fibrocartilage) because of (constant) excessive pressure
Ribs
Three kinds of ribs:
*Vertebral sternal - True Ribs (1-7)
*Vertebrochondral - False ribs (8-10)
Attach to each other and to rib 7 by cartilage
*Vertebral - Floating (11,12)
Long bones
longer than they are wide, with a thick compact bone exterior
Short bones
equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy bone covered by a thin veneer of compact bone.
Flat bones
relatively flat, but may be curved, and contain a thin, spongy bone inte- rior covered by a thin veneer of compact bone.
Irregular bones
do not easily fit into any of these categories.
Sesamoid Bones
small bones that develop in tendons (e.g., patella) for pro- tection against wear and tear.
What is Yellow Marrow
Yellow marrow is a fatty substance found within the medullary cavity.
What is Red Marrow
Red marrow is found within the cavities of spongy bone and produces blood cells.
Differences in Axial and Appendicular
Axial has 80 bones and protect the internal organs
Appendicular has 126 bones and helps with movement.
Paranasal
sinuses are cavities lined with mucous mem- branes that are located near and have openings into the nasal cavities.
Fontalnels
Ability to compress during labor.
Help with the growth of the cranium as they grow.
body
located anteriorly; is the largest part of the vertebra
pedicle
attached to and extends posteriorly on either side of the body
transverse process
extends laterally from each pedicle
lamina
connects transverse processes to the spinous process
spinous process
projects posteriorly from fused lamina
vertebral arch
formed by the fusion of pedicles and laminae
Scoliosis
The vertebral column bends laterally
Kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curve that results in a hunched back
Lordosis
is an exaggerated lum- bar curve that appears as a swayback with the abdomen protruding anteriorly.
Tube-like passageway
Canal
Rounded articular process
condyle
Opening or hole through a bone (oval or round)
Foramen
Shallow depression
Fossa
Branch-like process
Ramus
Narrow slit or cleft in bone
Fissure
Pointed Projection
Sponous Process.
