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Human Matrix > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton consists of the spine and ribcage.

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2
Q

The spine has four different sections:

A

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (upper and mid-back)
Lumbar (lower back)
Sacrum (pelvis and tailbone)

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3
Q

kyphosis

A

concave from the anterior

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4
Q

lordosis

A

convex from the anterior

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5
Q

Bony morphology within the spine leads to a directional range of motion bias in various regions. True/False?

A

True

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6
Q

C0-C1:

A

Flexion and extension

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7
Q

C1-C2:

A

Rotation / Accounts for 50% of cervical rotation range

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8
Q

C3-C7:

A

Rotation
Facets are oriented posteriorly and become more vertical at C5-C7 (Richter)

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9
Q

T2-T7:

A

Rotation
Moves as a singular unit due to shared sternal attachment
As head turns, rotation occurs all the way down to T4-5 (Richter)
Facets look like lower cervical in higher segments, orients towards frontal plane in lower segments

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10
Q

8-T12:

A

Lateral Flexion
Greater mobility in this region because lack of direct sternal attachment
Facet joint alignment is nearly upright, biasing frontal mobility, especially with increased extension (Richter).

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11
Q

The ribcage is a bony structure that surrounds and protects

A

the internal anatomy of the thorax and part of the abdomen.

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12
Q

Ribs that have a direct attachment to the sternum

A

True Ribs

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13
Q

Ribs that lack a direct sternal attachment

A

False Ribs (8-10)

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14
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Have no costal cartilage or sternal attachment

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15
Q

Floating Ribs (11-12)

A

Have no costal cartilage or sternal attachment

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16
Q

ISA

A

is the angle formed by the medial margins (inner) of the lower ribcage, as seen above.

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17
Q

Sternum

A

is the front bone of the ribcage, which provides an anterior attachment for the ribs.

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18
Q

Manubrium

A

The top part of the sternum
Connects to the clavicles (collarbones)

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19
Q

Body (Sternum)

A

The main portion of the sternum

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20
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The cartilaginous (hrskavica) rubbery portion

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21
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar spine (L1-L4), lower 6 ribs, ________ _________

A

Xiphoid process

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22
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar spine (L1-L4), Lower _ ribs , Xiphoid process

A

Lower 6 ribs

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23
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar Spine (L_ - L_), lower 6 ribs, Xiphoid process

A

1-4

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24
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Distal Attachment

A

Central Tendon

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25
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Action

A

Primary inspiration muscle. Increases thoracic volume and encourages bucket-handle action of the ribcage, pushes viscera downward

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26
Q

External Oblique
Proximal Attachment
Outer surface of ribs _-__

A

Outer surface of ribs 5-12

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27
Q

External Oblique
Distal Attachment
Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, top and front of the ___________

A

innominate

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28
Q

External Oblique
Distal Attachment
Linea alba, _____ crest and tubercle, top and front of the innominate

A

pubic

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29
Q

External Oblique
Distal Attachment
____ ____, pubic crest and tubercle, top and front of the innominate

A

Linea alba

30
Q

External Oblique
Action
Compresses ribcage ______ and ______ ribcage anteroposteriorly, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral sidebend, spinal flexion (bilateral contraction)

A

Compresses
expands

31
Q

External Oblique
Action
Compresses ribcage laterally and expands ribcage anteroposteriorly, ______ rotation, _______ sidebend, spinal flexion (_______contraction)

A

Contralateral rotation
ipsilateral sidebend
spinal flexion (bilateral contraction)

32
Q

Internal Oblique
Proximal Attachment
__________ fascia, front 2/3rds of the innominate, inguinal ligament

A

Thoracolumbar

33
Q

Internal Oblique
Proximal Attachment
Thoracolumbar fascia, front 2/3rds of the ________, inguinal ligament

A

Innominate

34
Q

Internal Oblique
Proximal Attachment
Thoracolumbar fascia, front 2/3rds of the innominate, ______ ligament

A

inguinal

35
Q

Imternal Oblique
Action
Compresses and _____ ribcage, ipsilateral trunk _____ and _______

A

depresses ribcage
rotation and sidebend

36
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Proximal Attachment
Cartilage of ribs _-__, thoracoabdominal fascia, front 2/3rds of innominate

A

7-12

37
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Proximal Attachment
Cartilage of ribs 7-12, ____________ fascia, front 2/3rds of innominate

A

Thoracoabdominal fascia

38
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Proximal Attachment
Cartilage of ribs 7-12, Thoracoabdominal fascia, front 2/3rds of __________

A

innominate

39
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Distal Attachment
_____ ____, pubic crest

A

linea alba

40
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Distal Attachment
linea alba, _____ _____

A

pubic crest

41
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Action

A

Compresses ribcage anteroposteriorly and expands the ribcage laterally, ipsilateral trunk flexion, rotation, and sidebend

42
Q

Rectus Abdominis
Distal Attachment

A

Pubis and pubic symphysis (front of innominate)

43
Q

Rectus Abdominis
Action
Weak and superficial abdominal _____, weak posterior pelvic ____, trunk _____

A

compressor
tilter
flexion

44
Q

Transversus Abdominis
Action
Compresses ribcage ________ and expands the ribcage ______, ipsilateral trunk ______, _______ and _______

A

anteroposteriorly
laterally
flexion, rotation, and sidebend

45
Q

3 Erector spinae muscles
Spinalis
_________________
Iliocostalis

A

Longissimus

46
Q

3 Erector spinae muscles
Spinalis
Longissimus
________

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

47
Q

3 Erector spinae muscles
_______
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

48
Q

Erector spinae
Proximal Attachment
Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar _______ _________, sacrum, posterior innominate, lower ribs

A

spinous processes

49
Q

Erector spinae
Proximal Attachment
Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, _____, posterior innominate, lower ribs

A

sacrum

50
Q

Erector spinae
Proximal Attachment
Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, sacrum, _______ innominate, lower ribs

A

posterior

51
Q

Erector spinae
Proximal Attachment
Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, sacrum, posterior innominate, _____ ____

A

lower ribs

52
Q

Erector spinae
Distal Attachment
Ribs _-__, upper thoracic spinous processes, cervical spinous processes, lateral base of skull

A

2-12

53
Q

Erector spinae
Distal Attachment
Ribs 2-12, ____ thoracic spinous processes, _____ spinous processes, _____ base of skull

A

Upper
cervical
lateral

54
Q

Erector spinae
Action

A

Extend and straighten the vertebral column, posterior compression of the axial skeleton

55
Q

Pelvic diaphragm
Proximal Attachment

A

Roughly: Frontside of sacrum and coccyx

56
Q

Pelvic diaphragm
Dsital Attachment

A

Roughly: inner part of lower innominate

57
Q

Pelvic diaphragm
Acion

A

Pushes viscera upwards during concentric, descends to accept viscera during eccentric action, anterior and posterior portions act in opposition towards one another

58
Q

Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment
Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique

A

Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique

59
Q

Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment
______, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique

A

Clavicle

60
Q

Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment
Clavicle, ________ and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique

A

Manubrium

61
Q

Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment
Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs -, external oblique

A

1-6

62
Q

Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment

A

Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique

63
Q

Pectoralis Major
Acion
Arm ______, ______ rotation, and contributes to _____ and _____, thorax and sternal compression anteriorly

A

adduction
internal
flexion and extension

64
Q

Pectoralis Major
Acion
Arm adduction, internal rotation, and contributes to flexion and extension, _____ and _____ compression _______

A

thorax and sternal
compression anteriorly

65
Q

Pectoralis Minor
Proximal Attachment

A

Ribs 3-5

66
Q

Pectoralis Minor
Distal Attachment

A

Coracoid process of scapula (stay tuned)

67
Q

Pectoralis Minor
Action

A

elevates the ribs (pump handle), scapular protraction ands downward rotation

68
Q

Pectoralis Minor
Proximal Attachment

A
69
Q

Serratus Anterior
Proximal Attachment

A

Proximal Attachment: Upper 8-9 ribs

70
Q

Serratus Anterior
Distal Attachment

A

Medial border of the scapula

71
Q

Serratus Anterior
Action

A

Compresses the sides of the ribcage, scapular protraction, upward rotation, and external rotation

Human Matrix (1 decks)

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