Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Matrix > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton consists of the spine and ribcage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The spine has four different sections:

A

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (upper and mid-back)
Lumbar (lower back)
Sacrum (pelvis and tailbone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

kyphosis

A

concave from the anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lordosis

A

convex from the anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bony morphology within the spine leads to a directional range of motion bias in various regions. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C0-C1:

A

Flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

C1-C2:

A

Rotation / Accounts for 50% of cervical rotation range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

C3-C7:

A

Rotation
Facets are oriented posteriorly and become more vertical at C5-C7 (Richter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T2-T7:

A

Rotation
Moves as a singular unit due to shared sternal attachment
As head turns, rotation occurs all the way down to T4-5 (Richter)
Facets look like lower cervical in higher segments, orients towards frontal plane in lower segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

8-T12:

A

Lateral Flexion
Greater mobility in this region because lack of direct sternal attachment
Facet joint alignment is nearly upright, biasing frontal mobility, especially with increased extension (Richter).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ribcage is a bony structure that surrounds and protects

A

the internal anatomy of the thorax and part of the abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ribs that have a direct attachment to the sternum

A

True Ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribs that lack a direct sternal attachment

A

False Ribs (8-10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Have no costal cartilage or sternal attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Floating Ribs (11-12)

A

Have no costal cartilage or sternal attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ISA

A

is the angle formed by the medial margins (inner) of the lower ribcage, as seen above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sternum

A

is the front bone of the ribcage, which provides an anterior attachment for the ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Manubrium

A

The top part of the sternum
Connects to the clavicles (collarbones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Body (Sternum)

A

The main portion of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The cartilaginous (hrskavica) rubbery portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar spine (L1-L4), lower 6 ribs, ________ _________

A

Xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar spine (L1-L4), Lower _ ribs , Xiphoid process

A

Lower 6 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Proximal Attachment:
Lumbar Spine (L_ - L_), lower 6 ribs, Xiphoid process

A

1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm
Distal Attachment

A

Central Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Thoracic Diaphragm Action
Primary inspiration muscle. Increases thoracic volume and encourages bucket-handle action of the ribcage, pushes viscera downward
26
External Oblique Proximal Attachment Outer surface of ribs _-__
Outer surface of ribs 5-12
27
External Oblique Distal Attachment Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, top and front of the ___________
innominate
28
External Oblique Distal Attachment Linea alba, _____ crest and tubercle, top and front of the innominate
pubic
29
External Oblique Distal Attachment ____ ____, pubic crest and tubercle, top and front of the innominate
Linea alba
30
External Oblique Action Compresses ribcage ______ and ______ ribcage anteroposteriorly, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral sidebend, spinal flexion (bilateral contraction)
Compresses expands
31
External Oblique Action Compresses ribcage laterally and expands ribcage anteroposteriorly, ______ rotation, _______ sidebend, spinal flexion (_______contraction)
Contralateral rotation ipsilateral sidebend spinal flexion (bilateral contraction)
32
Internal Oblique Proximal Attachment __________ fascia, front 2/3rds of the innominate, inguinal ligament
Thoracolumbar
33
Internal Oblique Proximal Attachment Thoracolumbar fascia, front 2/3rds of the ________, inguinal ligament
Innominate
34
Internal Oblique Proximal Attachment Thoracolumbar fascia, front 2/3rds of the innominate, ______ ligament
inguinal
35
Imternal Oblique Action Compresses and _____ ribcage, ipsilateral trunk _____ and _______
depresses ribcage rotation and sidebend
36
Transversus Abdominis Proximal Attachment Cartilage of ribs _-__, thoracoabdominal fascia, front 2/3rds of innominate
7-12
37
Transversus Abdominis Proximal Attachment Cartilage of ribs 7-12, ____________ fascia, front 2/3rds of innominate
Thoracoabdominal fascia
38
Transversus Abdominis Proximal Attachment Cartilage of ribs 7-12, Thoracoabdominal fascia, front 2/3rds of __________
innominate
39
Transversus Abdominis Distal Attachment _____ ____, pubic crest
linea alba
40
Transversus Abdominis Distal Attachment linea alba, _____ _____
pubic crest
41
Transversus Abdominis Action
Compresses ribcage anteroposteriorly and expands the ribcage laterally, ipsilateral trunk flexion, rotation, and sidebend
42
Rectus Abdominis Distal Attachment
Pubis and pubic symphysis (front of innominate)
43
Rectus Abdominis Action Weak and superficial abdominal _____, weak posterior pelvic ____, trunk _____
compressor tilter flexion
44
Transversus Abdominis Action Compresses ribcage ________ and expands the ribcage ______, ipsilateral trunk ______, _______ and _______
anteroposteriorly laterally flexion, rotation, and sidebend
45
3 Erector spinae muscles Spinalis _________________ Iliocostalis
Longissimus
46
3 Erector spinae muscles Spinalis Longissimus ________
Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis
47
3 Erector spinae muscles _______ Longissimus Iliocostalis
Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis
48
Erector spinae Proximal Attachment Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar _______ _________, sacrum, posterior innominate, lower ribs
spinous processes
49
Erector spinae Proximal Attachment Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, _____, posterior innominate, lower ribs
sacrum
50
Erector spinae Proximal Attachment Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, sacrum, _______ innominate, lower ribs
posterior
51
Erector spinae Proximal Attachment Roughly: Lower thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, sacrum, posterior innominate, _____ ____
lower ribs
52
Erector spinae Distal Attachment Ribs _-__, upper thoracic spinous processes, cervical spinous processes, lateral base of skull
2-12
53
Erector spinae Distal Attachment Ribs 2-12, ____ thoracic spinous processes, _____ spinous processes, _____ base of skull
Upper cervical lateral
54
Erector spinae Action
Extend and straighten the vertebral column, posterior compression of the axial skeleton
55
Pelvic diaphragm Proximal Attachment
Roughly: Frontside of sacrum and coccyx
56
Pelvic diaphragm Dsital Attachment
Roughly: inner part of lower innominate
57
Pelvic diaphragm Acion
Pushes viscera upwards during concentric, descends to accept viscera during eccentric action, anterior and posterior portions act in opposition towards one another
58
Pectoralis Major Proximal Attachment Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique
Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique
59
Pectoralis Major Proximal Attachment ______, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique
Clavicle
60
Pectoralis Major Proximal Attachment Clavicle, ________ and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique
Manubrium
61
Pectoralis Major Proximal Attachment Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs _-_, external oblique
1-6
62
Pectoralis Major Proximal Attachment
Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, external oblique
63
Pectoralis Major Acion Arm ______, ______ rotation, and contributes to _____ and _____, thorax and sternal compression anteriorly
adduction internal flexion and extension
64
Pectoralis Major Acion Arm adduction, internal rotation, and contributes to flexion and extension, _____ and _____ compression _______
thorax and sternal compression anteriorly
65
Pectoralis Minor Proximal Attachment
Ribs 3-5
66
Pectoralis Minor Distal Attachment
Coracoid process of scapula (stay tuned)
67
Pectoralis Minor Action
elevates the ribs (pump handle), scapular protraction ands downward rotation
68
Pectoralis Minor Proximal Attachment
69
Serratus Anterior Proximal Attachment
Proximal Attachment: Upper 8-9 ribs
70
Serratus Anterior Distal Attachment
Medial border of the scapula
71
Serratus Anterior Action
Compresses the sides of the ribcage, scapular protraction, upward rotation, and external rotation

Human Matrix (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions