Axial skeletal / The vertebral column (Thoracic)

Question 1

The ___ and ____ thoracic vertebrae are considered transitional vertebrae.

Answer 1

1st and 12th

Question 2

صحیح / غلط

در مهره های توراسیک قطر قدامی-خلفی تقریبا با قطر مدیولترال برابر است

Answer 2

صحیح

Question 3

What makes ribs articulation with T1 and T10-T12 atypical?

Answer 3

They have a full costal facet as opposed to demifacets.

Question 4

صحیح / غلط

کانال نخاعی در ناحیه توراسیک از سایر نواحی تنگ تر است

Answer 4

صحیح

Question 5

The typical thoracic body is wedge shaped for what reason?

Answer 5

kyphotic curve

Question 6

Do the typical thoracic vertebrae bodies have full facets or demifacets?

Answer 6

demifacets

Question 7

گوه ای شکل بودن بدنه ی مهره ها در توراسیک به خاطر ______ بودن ارتفاع قدامی از ارتفاع خلفی ان است.
( کوتاه تر / بلندتر)

Answer 7

کوتاه تر

Question 8

The pedicles of typical thoracic vertebrae face _________, resulting in what?

Answer 8

• posteriorly

- narrowing of the vertebral canal

Question 9

Less motion at the thoracic vertebrae decreases risk for what?

Answer 9

impingement on spinal cord due to narrowing of the canal

Question 10

The typical thoracic vertebrae spinous processes slope inferiorly from T_ to T_. The tip of spinous process lies at the level of the _______ vertebrae for the majority of the thoracic spine.

Answer 10

-T5-T8
-caudal
( هم سطح با مهره تحتانی )

Question 11

Do the typical thoracic veretebrae have small or large intervertebral discs? How are they shaped?

Answer 11

• small, meaning less motion

- wedge shaped just like the bodies

Question 12

The typical thoracic vertebrae joint capsule is more _____ resulting in what?

Answer 12

• taut

- less mobility/more stability

Question 13

The typical thoracic vertebrae articular pillars facet joints lie ___ off the frontal plane allowing greater motion into ___________ and __________ and less __________/_________.

Answer 13

• 20 degrees
• lateral flexion and rotation
• flexion/extension

Question 14

سه عامل جهت محدود کردن حرکات در توراسیک ؟

Answer 14

1. ضخامت دیسک
2. سخت بودن کپسول
3. وجود دنده ها

Question 15

The ligamentum flavum and anterior longitudinal ligament are ______ in the thoracic spine.

Answer 15

thicker, limiting mobility

Question 16

Where is the costovertebral joints?

Answer 16

Typical Vertebrae (T2-T9)
-head of rib on demifacet of vertebrae above and below and intervertebral disc 
Atypical Vertebrae (T1, T10-T12)
-head of rib on facet of one vertebral body

Question 17

Is the atypical or typical costovertebral joint more mobile?

Answer 17

atypical

Question 18

The costovertebral joint is a ________ type joint that permits ________ and ________.

Answer 18

• synovial

- gliding and rotation

Question 19

The costotransverse joint is a _____ type joint.

Answer 19

synovial

Question 20

What are the osteokinematic movements that can occur at the thoracic spine?

Answer 20

• flexion/extension
• lateral flexion
• rotation

Question 21

What limits flexion at the thoracic spine?

Answer 21

• PLL
• ligamentum flavum
• interspinous ligaments
• capsule of facet joints

Question 22

What limits extension at the thoracic spine ?

Answer 22

• contact of spinous processes
• laminae
• ALL
• capsule of facet joint
• abdominal muscles

Question 23

What limits lateral flexion at the thoracic spine?

Answer 23

facets and ribs

Question 24

What limits rotation at the thoracic spine?

Answer 24

ribs

Question 25

In regards to the arthrokinematics occuring at the thoracic spine, the facet joint slides _____ and ________ for flexion, ________ and ________ for extension.

Answer 25

• superior and anterior

- inferior and posterior

Question 26

What thoracic vertebrae are very limited in flexion/extension and why?

Answer 26

T1-T6 due to rib cage and frontal orientation of facets

Question 27

The lower thoracic have a higher ability to flex and extend, why?

Answer 27

The facet joints have a more sagittal orientation

Question 28

In regards to the arthrokinematics occuring at the thoracic spine, the facet joint on the contralateral side is sliding _______ while side bending, while the facet joint on the ipsilateral side is sliding __________.

Answer 28

• superior

- inferior

Question 29

When side bending, what is also occuring at the thoracic spine?

Answer 29

rotation

Question 30

The amount of rotation _________ in the lower part of the thoracic spine due to facet orientation.

Answer 30

-decreases

Question 31

The upper thoracic spine (T1-T6), lateral flexion and rotation are in the ______ direction. In the lower thoracic spine, lateral flexion and rotation are in the ________ direction.

Answer 31

• same

- opposite

Question 32

بیشترین گشتاور فلکسوری در ______ قرار دارد در نتیجه بازوی اهرمی خط گرانش زمین در این ناحیه حداکثر است

Answer 32

مهره راس کایفوز