Axial pattern flaps Flashcards

1
Q

Axial pattern flaps are cutaneous flaps based on a named nutrient vessel

A

T

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2
Q

Axial pattern flaps have a pedicle containing a named cutaneous artery

A

T Vs random pattern flaps whose blood supply is based on the subdermal plexus

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3
Q

The paramedian forehead flap has a pedicle most commonly based on the supratrochlear artery

A

T

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4
Q

The abbe flap has a pedicle based on either the superior or inferior labial artery

A

T

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5
Q

The dorsal nasal rotation flap has a pedicle based on the dorsal nasal artery

A

T

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6
Q

Axial pattern flaps are usually staged surgical procedures.

A

T

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7
Q

Convex areas generally heal better with second intention than concave areas.

A

F Other way round.

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8
Q

Grafts rarely match the aesthetic results seen with flap reconstructive procedures.

A

T

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9
Q

The reduction of blood flow from the proximal to distal portion of the flap results in relative tissue hypoxia and challenges flap survival.

A

T

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10
Q

Flaps that have excessive width:length ratios may undergo distal necrosis.

A

F Excessive length:width.

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11
Q

Flaps inset under heightened tension show reduced perfusion.

A

T

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12
Q

Most flaps utilised in derm surgery are random pattern flaps.

A

T

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13
Q

Axial pattern flaps commonly used in facial reconstruction include the median and paramedian forehead flaps, the dorsal nasal flap, and the Abbe flap.

A

T

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14
Q

When most of a nasal subunit has been removed with tumour extirpation, the optimal reconstructive result may be achieved by replacing selective parts of the subunit.

A

F Replacing the entire subunit.

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15
Q

Random pattern flaps are an effective repair choice for nasal defects >2cm, alar or distal nasal defects, or full-thickness wounds

A

F

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16
Q

The forehead is generally preferred for nasal reconstruction when there is insufficient dorsal nasal skin.

A

T

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17
Q

The paramedian forehead flap and the cheek melolabial interpolation flap are both interpolation flaps with the base of the flap’s pedicle residing some distance away from the surgical wound (non-contiguous).

A

T

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18
Q

The cheek (melolabial) interpolation flap is a true axial pattern flap.

A

F

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19
Q

The paramedian forehead interpolation flap is a true axial pattern flap.

A

T Named vascular supply is the supratrochlear artery.

20
Q

The cheek interpolation flap is suitable for defects on the nasal tip.

A

F Ala or lower nose, not tip.

21
Q

The vascular supply of the forehead is supplied by four paired arteries: the dorsal nasal (angular) arteries, the supratrochlear arteries, the supraorbital arteries and the superficial temporal arteries.

A

T

22
Q

For the paramedian forehead interpolation flap, undermining in a subfascial plane just superior to the periosteum near the flap’s origination ensures inclusion of the nutrient vessel within the body of the elevated flap.

A

T

23
Q

Discontinuation of anticoagulants before axial pattern flaps is necessary.

A

F

24
Q

For the paramedian forehead flap, incisions should go below the brow.

A

F Shouldn’t dt risk of distal flap necrosis.

25
Q

Surgical scars present on the forehead may be associated with increased operative risk of flap necrosis when performing the paramedian forehead flap.

A

T

26
Q

The paramedian forehead flap is designed based on the location of the supratrochlear vessels at approximately the medial end of the eyebrow.

A

T

27
Q

The paramedian forehead flap’s base or pedicle is designed to be ideally 1.2-1.7cm in width.

A

T

28
Q

The primary sources of auricular cartilage for composite grafting in the paramedian forehead flap are the conchal bowl and antihelix.

A

T Yield significant amounts of cartilage to reconstruct the lower nose.

29
Q

When performing a paramedian forehead flap, additional flaps or grafts may be needed to improve the aesthetic outcome when repairing the donor site at the cephalic margin of the wound on the forehead.

A

F Unlikely to improve the aesthetic outcome.

30
Q

For the paramedian forehead flap, the distal aspect of the axial flap should not be aggressively thinned of all muscle and subcutaneous fat.

A

F This allows the flap to drape over the cartilaginous framework of the nose and restore contour.

31
Q

For the paramedian forehead flap, typically the pedicle is divided as a second-stage procedure at approximately post-operative day 21.

A

T

32
Q

The dorsal nasal flap is utilised to repair defects of the nasal tip, supratip, or dorsum/sidewall that are less than 2.5cm diameter.

A

T

33
Q

The success of a dorsal nasal flap is dependent entirely on the laxity of the dorsal nasal skin.

A

T

34
Q

The more the dorsal nasal flap extends into the glabella, the easier the flap and secondary defect are to close without introducing anatomic distortion.

A

T

35
Q

The Abbe cross-lip flap is a pedicled axial pattern flap supplied by the labial artery.

A

T

36
Q

The labial artery is between orbicularis muscle and mucosa posterior to the vermillion.

A

T

37
Q

The course of the labial artery remains unchanged throughout life.

A

F Becomes more tortuous and superficial w age.

38
Q

For the dorsal nasal flap, inclusion of the angular artery in the base improves vascular support, allowing a more generous backcut

A

T

39
Q

The dorsal nasal flap is a good option for defects up to 2.5cm in diameter in patients with any shaped nose

A

F Ok if large nose, but can compress the cartilage and change tip projection when repairing large defects in patients with thin noses

40
Q

For the paramedian forehead flap, the pedicle is designed in a true vertical axis to ensure that the maximum length of the named vessel is included.

A

T

41
Q

Curvilinear incision on the nose minimise the potential for postoperative trapdoor deformity.

A

F Should use more acute angles.

42
Q

Conservatively undermining the surgical defect of the nose just above the periosteum and perichondrium before insertion of the flap may prevent postoperative trapdoor deformity.

A

T

43
Q

When elevating the paramedian forehead flap, there is no need to avoid removal of calvarial periosteum.

A

F Removal will significantly slow second intention healing at the flap’s donor site.

44
Q

For the paramedian forehead flap, the only common postoperative event is continued oozing from the transected pedicle near the glabella.

A

T

45
Q

For the dorsal nasal flap, it is important for the leading edge of the flap to extend just to the edge of the defect.

A

F Should extend past to compensate for flap shortening with rotational movement.