Axial Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of skull
Action:
- Bilateral, flex the neck
- Unilateral rotation
- Face turns to contralateral side
- Head tilts to ipsilateral side
Nerve: CNXI and C2-C3
Scalenes
- Attach to Transverse process of C2-C7 and the first 2 ribs.
- Elevate the Ribs and flex the neck
- Innervated by C4-C6
*** Subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene
*** Sublclavean vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene
Anterior Scalene:
Middle Scalene:
Posterior Scalene
Suprahyoid muscles
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Origin:
Anterior belly: Mandible (deep side of inferior border, digastric fossa)
Posterior belly: Mastoid notch
Insertion: Hyoid Bone
Action: Elevates hyoid and depress and retract mandible during swollowing
Nerve:
Anterior belly: CNV3 (mylohyoid branch)
Posterior belly: CNVII (Digastric branch)
Stylohyoid
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Hyoid
Action: Elevates Hyoid during swollowing
Nerve: CNVII
Mylohyoid
Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Hyoid bone, via fibrous raphe
Action:
- Tightens and elevates oral floor during swollowing
- Depress and retract mandible
- assists in moving mandible side to side
Nerve: CNV3
Genohyoid
Origin: Inferior mental spine
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action:
- Draws hyoid forward during swollowing
- Depress and retract madible
Nerve: C1 via CNII
Infrahyoid muscles
Muscles of anterior neck
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
Infrahyoid
Origin: Superior border of scapula
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Depress hyoid during the end of swollowing
Nerve: Ansa Cervicalis
Sternohyoid
Origin: Manubrium of Sternum
Insertion: Hyoid Bone
Action: Depress hyoid during end of swollowing
Nerve: Ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid
Origin: Manubrium
Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage
Action: Depresses thyroid cartilage (larynx)
Nerve: Ansa Cervicalis
Thyrohyoid
Origin: Thyroid Cartilage
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Depress hyoid
Nerve: C1, via CNXII
Extrinsic muscles of the Tongue
- Genioglossus (CNXII)
- Hyoglossus (CNXII)
- Palatoglossus (CNX)
- Styloglossus (CNXII)
Genioglossus
Origin: Superior mental spines (genial tubercle)
Insertion: Body of tongue, hyoid bone
Action:
- Protracts/protrudes tongue
- depresses center of tongue
Nerve: CNXII
Hyoglossus
Origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid
Insertion: Lateral tongue
Action: Depress tongue
Nerve: CNXII
Palatoglossus
Origin: Anterior surface of soft palate
Insertion: Lateral tongue
Action:
- Elevates tongue
- depresses soft palate
- Moves palatoglossal fold toward midline
Nerve: CNX
Styloglossus
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Lateral tongue
Action: Elevates and retracts tongue
Nerve: CNXII
Constrictor muscles of Pharynx
- Superior constrictor (X)
- Middle constrictor (X)
- Inferior constrictor (X)
Longitudinal muscles of the Pharynx
- Palatopharyngeus (X)
- Salpingopharyngeus (X)
- Stylopharyngeus (IX)
Muscles of the Soft Palate
- Tensor veli palatini (V3)
- Levatator veli palatini (X)
- Musculus uvulae (X)
- Palatopharyngeus (X)
- Longitudinal muscles of pharynx - Palatoglossus (X)
- Extrinisic muscles of the tongue
CN V3
- Tensor veli palatini (Muscle of soft palate)
CN IX
- Stylopharyngeus (longitudinal pharyngeal muscle
CN XII
- Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
CN X
- Pharyngeal Constrictors
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor
- Inferior constrictor - Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus - Muscles of the soft palate
- Levator veli palatini
- Musculus uvulae
- Palatopharyngeus (longitudinal pharyngeal muscle)
- Palatoglussus (extrinsic muscle of the tongue)
