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Muscles > Axial > Flashcards

Axial Flashcards

1
Q

compress cheeks

A

buccinator

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2
Q

protrude lower lip

A

mentalis

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3
Q

close mouth

A

orbicularis oris

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4
Q

frown

A

depressor anguli oris

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5
Q

elevate corners of mouth into a smile

A

zygomaticus major and minor

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6
Q

sphincter muscles/close eye

A

orbicularis oculi

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7
Q

furrows the brow; draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow; targeted with botox; treat glabellar lines (wrinkles between the eyes); botulinum- prevent ACH release from somatic motor neuron

A

procerus

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8
Q

compress nasal cartilages, flare nostrils

A

nasalis

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9
Q

tense fascia over temporal region on cranium; assist moving auricle of the auricle

A

temperoparietalis

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10
Q

raise eyebrows

A

occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

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11
Q

flat tendon for flat muscles

A

aponeurosis

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12
Q

connects frontal to occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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13
Q

superficial sheet like muscle tenses skin of neck

A

platysma

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14
Q

muscles of facial expression are innervated by?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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15
Q

muscles move the eye in the direction of their name/ straight

A

rectus

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16
Q

muscles move the eye in the opposite direction of their name / at an angle

A

oblique

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17
Q

elevation, medial, and medial rotational movement of the eye

A

superior rectus

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18
Q

medial eye movement

A

medial rectus

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19
Q

medial, depression, and lateral rotation movement of eye

A

inferior rectus

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20
Q

depression, intorsion, and lateral movement of eye

A

superior oblique

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21
Q

move eye lateral

A

lateral rectus

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22
Q

elevation, lateral, and extorsion of the eye

A

inferior oblique

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23
Q

innervated by occulomotor nerve (CN III)

A

superior rectus, inferior oblique, medial rectus, and inferior rectus

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24
Q

innervated by trochlear nerve (CN IV)

A

superior oblique

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25
Q

innervated by abducens (CN VI)

A

lateral rectus

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26
Q

elevates the eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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27
Q

elevate your mandible

A

masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid

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28
Q

depresses the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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29
Q

muscles of mastication are innervated by?

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V) mandibular branch

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30
Q

moves jaw at TMJ

A

muscles of mastication/chewing

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31
Q

platysma also __?

A

depresses the mandible

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32
Q

muscles that move the mandible- assisting in mastication and speech

A

temporalis, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid (deep to the mandible), buccinator, orbicularis oris

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33
Q

muscles of the tongue -assist in mastication and speech

A

genioglossus and styloglossus

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34
Q

protracts the tongue, anterior o: mandible at chin, tube inserted into trachea to prevent it from blocking the airway

A

genioglossus

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35
Q

retracts tongue, posterior

A

styloglossus

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36
Q

muscles of tongue are innervated by?

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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37
Q

paired muscles are important in initiation of __?

A

swallowing (deglution)

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38
Q

muscles of pharynx include

A

pharyngeal constrictors, laryngeal elevators, palatal muscles

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39
Q

constrict pharynx and push food towards esophagus to the stomach

A

pharyngeal constrictors

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40
Q

elevate larynx (respiratory system) and fold cartilage over opening of respiratory tree so food only goes down over esophagus

A

laryngeal elevators

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41
Q

elevate soft palate and open auditory tube

A

palatal muscles

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42
Q

muscles of the pharynx are innervated by?

A

glossopharangeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X)

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43
Q

control the position of the larynx, depress the mandible, tense the floor of the mouth, and provide a stable foundation for muscles of the tongue and pahrynx

A

anterior muscles of the neck

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44
Q

3 muscles of anterior neck

A

digastric, omohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid

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45
Q

elevate hyoid, floor of oral cavity, and tongue during swallowing

A

suprahyoid

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46
Q

resist elevation of the hyoid bone during swallowing

A

infrahyoid

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47
Q

suprahyoid muscle with two bellies (anterior and posterior), elevates the hyoid; RMA: depress mandible as in opening the mouth

A

digastric

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48
Q

anterior belly of digastric innervated by

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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49
Q

posterior belly of digastric innervated by

A

facial nerve

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50
Q

infrahyoid muscle that depresses the hyoid

A

omohyoid

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51
Q

subdivides neck into posterior and anterior triangles, strap paired muscle, deep to platysma

A

sternocleidomastoid

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52
Q

when this muscle works together: flexes neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

53
Q

what part of this muscle bends the head toward the shoulder and turns the face to the opposite side

A

each side, sternocleidomastoid

54
Q

contains part of the subclavian artery, external jugular vein, cervical lymph nodes, brachial plexus (nerves come out/in for upper extremities, skin, and muscles), and accessory (XI) nerve ; space created between trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

A

posterior triangle

55
Q

contains carotid artery, internal jugular vein, thyroid gland, infrahyoid muscles nerves, and some cranial nerves

A

anterior triangle

56
Q

spinal extensors, largest muscle group of back forming bulge on either side of vertebral column, covered by superficial back muscles, heavy object should not be lifted with vertebral column flexed

A

erector spinae

57
Q

acting together, muscles of erector spinae do what

A

extend and maintain erect posture

58
Q

acting singly muscles of erector spinae…

A

laterally flex vertebral column

59
Q

closest to midline in erector spinae

A

spinalis group

60
Q

in between vertebral column and ribs in erector spinae

A

longissimus group

61
Q

on ribs and most lateral in erector spinae

A

iliocostalis

62
Q

how do you name erector spinae groups?

A

proximity to vertebral column first and insertion point second

63
Q

capitis

64
Q

cervicis

A

cervical vertebrae

65
Q

thoracis

A

thoracic vertebrae

66
Q

deep to trapezius, but most superficial of muscle of neck that move head, acting together extend head; acting singly, rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle

A

semispinalis capitis

67
Q

acting together, extend head; acting singly rotate head to same side as contracting muscle

A

splenius capitis

68
Q

most superficial, arise from midline and extend laterally and superiorly to their insertion point

A

splenius muscles

69
Q

acting together, weakly extend vertebral column; acting singly, weakly rotate vertebral column to side opposite contracting muscle

70
Q

acting together, weakly extend vertebral column; acting singly, stabilize vertebral column during movement

A

interspinales

71
Q

acting together, weakly extend vertebral column; acting singly, weakly laterally flex vertebral column and stabilize it during movement

A

intertransversarii

72
Q

short muscles work in various combos produce slight extension or rotation of vertebral column; make delicate adjustments in position of individual vertebrae and stabilizing adjacent vertebrae; provide proprioceptive feedback

A

deep muscles of the spine

73
Q

deep muscles of spine include ___ extensors but not many ventral flexors because large trunk muscles flex the vertebral column and most of the body weight lies ventral to vertebral column and gravity tends to flex the spine

74
Q

also assists in deep inhalation, short from one vertebrae to next, connect cervical vertebrae to rubs, cause lateral flexion of cervical vertebrae and rotation, elevate ribs

A

scalene group

75
Q

members of segmental group of deep spine muscles

A

rotatores, intertransversarii, and interspinales

76
Q

spinal flexor, helps with forced expiration

A

quadratus lumborum

77
Q

together action of quadratus lumborum

A

depress rubs

78
Q

one side of quadratus lumborum produces?

A

lateral flexion of vertebral column

79
Q

lie between vertebral column and ventral midline, help contain and protect abdominal viscera, flex and laterally flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress abdomen during forced expiration and produce force required for defecation, urination, and childbirth; thin muscles, layered for strength (sheets/flat); antagonists to spinal extensors

A

oblique and rectus muscles

80
Q

muscles compress and rotate spinal column

A

oblique muscles

81
Q

flex the spinal column

A

rectus muscles

82
Q

tough fibrous band of CT that extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

A

linea alba

83
Q

muscles fibers run at an oblique angle to midline

84
Q

two types of oblique muscle fibers

A

external and internal

85
Q

muscles have fibers that run in the direction of your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets

A

external oblique

86
Q

muscles have fibers running perpendicular to external fibers (putting your hand in the opposite pocket)

A

internal oblique

87
Q

____ of external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis form the rectus sheath

A

aponeuroses

88
Q

encloses rectus abdominis and meets at midline to form linea alba

A

rectus sheath

89
Q

superficial to deep of lateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis

90
Q

free border of external oblique’s aponeuroses form…

A

inguinal ligament

91
Q

rectus abdominis lies on

A

anterior abdominal wall

92
Q

just above the medial portion of the inguinal ligament; space created for vas deferens exits to move to testes, ligament stabilizes position of uterus (exit and enter)

A

inguinal canal

93
Q

acting together (bilaterally), compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column

A

external oblique

94
Q

acting together, compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column

A

internal oblique

95
Q

flexes vertebral column (especially lumbar portion), and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbrith; RMA: flexes pelvis on the vertebral column

A

rectus abdominis

96
Q

compress abdomen

A

transverse abdominis

97
Q

contraction elevates the rubs and increases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity, resulting inhilation; relaxation depresses the ribs and decreases the anterposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation

A

external intercostals

98
Q

contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity during forced exhalation

A

internal intercostals

99
Q

contractions causes it to flatten and increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decreases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation; dome shaped muscle when relaxed; tendon in the center; contraction = flat

100
Q

three openings in diaphragm?

A

aortic hiatus, caval opening, and esophageal hiatus

101
Q

in aortic hiatus?

A

azygos vein, thoracic duct, and aorta

102
Q

in caval opening?

A

inferior vena cava (big vein)

103
Q

in esophageal hiatus?

A

vagus (X) nerve and esophagus

104
Q

nerves release secretions in stomach and intestines

A

vagus nerve

105
Q

diaphragm innervated by?

A

phrenic nerve

106
Q

strong aponeurosis that fuses with the inferior surface of the pericardium and pleurae

A

central tendon

107
Q

muscles of the perineum

A

external urethral sphincter, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter

108
Q

extend from sacrum and coccyx to ischium and pubis

A

muscles of pelvic floor

109
Q

functions of muscles of pelvic floor

A
  1. support the organs of the pelvic cavity 2. flex joints of the sacrum and coccyx 3. control movement of material through urethra and anus
110
Q

a muscular wall at the bottom of the pelvic cavity

A

pelvic outlet

111
Q

the name for the sheet of muscle that covers the pelvic outlet

A

pelvic diaphragm

112
Q

the area that extends from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx to the ischial tuberosities. supports the viscera and regulates transport; inferior to pelvic diaphragm

113
Q

muscles of pelvic diaphragm innervated by the?

A

pudendal nerve

114
Q

in the true pelvis; contains the urinary bladder, portions of the LI and internal organs of reproduction

A

pelvic cavity

115
Q

anterior urogenital triangle contains

A

urethra and vagina, external urethral sphincter, bulbospongiosus

116
Q

posterior anal triangle contains

A

anal canal and external anal sphincter

117
Q

what separates anterior urogenital triangle and posterior anal triangle

A

perineal body

118
Q

helps expel last drops of urine and semen in male and urine in female/ deep perineal muscle

A

external urethral sphincter

119
Q

helps expel urine during urination, helps propel semen along urethra, assists in erection of the penis in the male; constricts vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris in female/ superficial perineal muscle

A

bulbospongiosus

120
Q

keeps anal canal and anus closed/ deep perineal muscle

A

external anal sphincter

121
Q

2 muscles of the pelvic diagphragm

A

coccygeous and levator ani

122
Q

3 muscles of levator ani

A

iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis

123
Q

largest and most important muscle of pelvic floor/diaphragm; supports pelvic viscera and resists inferior thrust that accompanies increase in abdominal pressure during coughing, vomiting, urination, defecation

A

levator ani

124
Q

surgical incision into the vaginal orifice and part of the levator ani; done after pudendal nerve block

A

episiotomy

125
Q

what 3 things go through pelvic diaphragm?

A

anal canal, urethra, and vagina

126
Q

skeletal muscles young kids learn to control when they are potty trained

A

external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter

127
Q

supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera; resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure during forced exhalation, coughing, vomiting, urination, and defecation; constricts anus, urethra, and vagina

A

pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

128
Q

helps maintain fecal continence and assists in defecation

A

puborectalis

129
Q

supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera; resists increase in intra-abdominal pressure during forced exhalation, coughing, vomiting, urination, and defecation; pulls coccyx anteriorly following defecation or childbirth

Muscles (4 decks)

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