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Binocular Vision > Axes of the eye > Flashcards

Axes of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

24mm, Horizontal line from vertex of the cornea to posterior pole of the eye

A

Optic Axis / Y - axis / Antero- Sphero / Sagittal Axis

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2
Q

22mm, Line passing through the center of rotation of the eye ball and at right angle to optic axis

A

Transverse axis / X axis / Naso-Temporal

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3
Q

22mm, Superior-Inferior line passing through center of rotation

A

Vertical Axis / Z axis / Supero-Infero Axis

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4
Q

Divides the eyeball

A

Planes of the eye

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5
Q

Imaginary line where movement of the eye takes place

A

Axes of the eye

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6
Q

torsional movement

A

optic axis

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7
Q

vertical movement

A

transverse axis

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8
Q

Horizontal movement

A

Vertical axis

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9
Q

it is the act, condition or process of directing the eye toward the object of regard causing in a normal eye, the image of an object to be centered at the fovea

A

Fixation

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10
Q

Image of the real pupil found at the cornea

A

entrance pupil

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11
Q

Point towards which the observer directs his gaze

A

Object of regard

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12
Q

Point Located 13.5 mm behind the cornea

A

Center of rotation

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13
Q

Line drawn from the object of regard of rotation

A

Line of sight

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14
Q

All oblique axes pass and it is where the movement of the eyes takes place

A

Center of rotation

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15
Q

Line drawn from the object of regard to the fovea passing through nodal point

A

Visual Axis

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16
Q

Line passes from the center of entrance pupil and passes through the center of curvature of the cornea

A

Pupillary axis

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17
Q

An imaginary straight line passing through the midpoint of the cornea (anterior pole) and the midpoint of the retina (posterior pole)

A

Optic Axis

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18
Q

Line perpendicular to the cornea and passing through the center of the entrance pupil of the eye

A

Pupillary axis

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19
Q

Angle formed by the intersection of the pupillary axis and visual axis

A

Angle Kappa

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20
Q

angle formed by the intersection of the pupillary axis and the line of sight

A

Angle lambda

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21
Q

Angle formed by the visual ang optic axes at the nodal point

A

Angle alpha

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22
Q

Angle formed by the intersection of the optic Axis and the line of sight at the center of rotation (formed behind)

A

Angle Gamma

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23
Q

Line connecting the centers if rotation of both eyes

A

Base line

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24
Q

Plane which includes both the object of regard and baseline

A

Plane of regard

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25
Q

line in the primary position of the plane of regard which bisects the base line

A

Primary Sagittal line

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26
Q

Plane tangent to the chin and the two super-ciliary ridges

A

Face plane

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27
Q

Coordinate use of both eyes to produce single mental image

A

Binocular vision

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28
Q

Coordinated use of two eyes in order to produce a single mental impression

A

Single Binocular Vision

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29
Q

Eyes follow large objects

A

at 2 months

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30
Q

blending of sight to form single percept

A

Fusion

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31
Q

It is the state of simultaneous vision with two seeing eyes that occurs when an individual fixes his visual attention on an object of regard

A

Binocular Vision

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32
Q

Eyes are not associated with each other; act as two different organs

A

At birth

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33
Q

First sign of the development of fixation appears when the eyes follow light

A

In newborn

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34
Q

VA: 20/20

A

3 years Old

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35
Q

Fusional mechanism becomes fully developed

A

1-1 1/2 year old

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36
Q

VA: not greater than 5/200; normally hyperopic

A

At birth

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37
Q

Fixated at an object with 1-2 mins

A

At 6 months

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38
Q

Foveas are fully formed

A

at 3 months

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39
Q

VA: 20/70

A

1 year old

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40
Q

VA: 20/20

A

3 yeard old

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41
Q

Eyes are expected to be straight

A

at 6 months

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42
Q

Accommodation develops with sharpening visual acuity

A

3 years old

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43
Q

Foveas are fully formed, they hold objects

A

at 3 months

44
Q

Proper coordination of eyes and brain

A

Neuroplasticity

45
Q

superior visual field angle

A

60 degrees

46
Q

nasal visual field angle

A

60 degrees

47
Q

Inferior visual angle

A

70-75 degrees

48
Q

Temporal Visual field angle

A

100-110 degrees

49
Q

Holds that if the two images of an object fall upon identical points in the retinas, the object is seen as one, but of the two images falls upon unidentical or disparate points, the object is seen as two

A

Doctrine of Corresponding Points

50
Q

Corresponding retinal points / homonymous points / identical points

A

Normal Retinal Correspondence

51
Q

A condition in which the two foveas have different visual direction

A

Abnormal Retinal Correspondence

52
Q

movement of one eye inwards

A

Adduction

53
Q

Retinal correspondence is abnormal when the fovea if one has a common visual direction with an extra foveal area in the other eye

A

Abnormal retinal correspondence

54
Q

Movement of one eye only

A

Duction

55
Q

movement of one eye outwards

A

abduction

56
Q

movement of one eye upwards

A

supraduction

57
Q

movement of one eye downwards

A

infraduction

58
Q

movement of the vertical corneal meridian of one eye outward

A

Excycloduction

59
Q

movement of the vertical corneal meridian of one eye inward

A

incycloduction

60
Q

synchronous and symmetric movement of both eyes in the same direction

A

version

61
Q

both eyes to the right

A

dextroversion

62
Q

both eyes to the left

A

levoversion

63
Q

both eyes looking upward

A

supraversion/anaversion/sumsum version

64
Q

both eyes looking downward

A

infraversion/cataversion/deorsumversion

65
Q

both eyes to the right and up

A

Dextrosupraversion

66
Q

both eyes to the right and down

A

dextroinfraversion

67
Q

both eyes to the left and up

A

levosupraversion

68
Q

both eyes to the left and down

A

levoinfraversion

69
Q

synchronous and symmetric movement of both eyes in the opposite direction

A

vergence

70
Q

movement of both eyes inward

A

convergence

71
Q

movement of both eyes outward

A

divergence

72
Q

right eye turns up and left eye turns down

A

positive vertical divergence

73
Q

right eye turns down left up turns up

A

negative vertical divergence

74
Q

vertical meridians of both eyes rotate inward

A

incyclovergence/conclination

75
Q

vertical meridians of both eyes inward

A

excyclovergence/declination

76
Q

position when the eyes assume when the head erect, point straight upon ahead on the horizon is fixed upon

A

primary position

77
Q

Position in which the eyes assume when the lateral or vertical movements are involved.

A

Secondary Position

78
Q

Position in which the eyes assume when it moves in direction which is a combination of both lateral and vertical movements

A

Tertiary Position

79
Q

Tracking mechanism of the eye

A

Extraocular muscle

80
Q

-Medial Rectus
-Superior Rectus
-Laterial Rectus
-Inferior Rectus

A

Recti muscles

81
Q

-Superior Oblique
-Inferior Oblique

A

Obliquee muscles

82
Q

All extra muscles are originate from the annulus of zin

A

Extraocular muscle

83
Q

All extra ocular muscles are innervated by

A

CN#3 - Oculomotor Nerve

84
Q

Superior oblique is innervated by

A

Trochlear Nerve

85
Q

Lateral Rectus is innervated by

A

CN#6 - ABDUCENS NERVE

86
Q

Medial rectus is innervated by

A

CN#3 Oculomotor Nerve

87
Q

Superior Rectus, Inferior Oblique is innervated by

A

CN#3 Oculomotor nerve

88
Q

Points of connections of all recti muscles

A

Spiral of Tillaux

89
Q

Cross diagram that shows which muscle move when the eye moves to a given direction

A

Benzene ring

90
Q

primary muscle, main muscle that moves an eye in a given direction

A

Agonist

91
Q

Helping muscle, Muscle that acts in concert with the agonist to produce a given moment

A

Synergist

92
Q

Opposing muscle, Muscle that opposes the action if the agonist

A

Antagonist

93
Q

agonist muscle of both eyes

A

Yoke muscle

94
Q

a pair of muscle, one in each eye which move noth eyes into specific direction

A

Yoke muscle

95
Q

Phenomenon in which the images are not formed in the corresponding elements

A

Diplopia

96
Q

Corresponding muscle of the two eyes that affect movement of both Eyes into specific gaze

A

Yoke muscle

97
Q

States that when a nervous impulse is sent to muscle causing it to contract, an equal impulse goes to the contralateral synergist(yoke muscle) in order to maintain parallelism of the visual axes

A

herings law of equal innervation

98
Q

states that when a muscle contracts, its direct antagonist relaxes to an equal extent, allowing movement to take place
monocular/one eye

A

Sherringtons Law of reciprocal innervation

99
Q

line of primary position of the plane of regard which bisects the baseline

A

primary sagittal plane

100
Q

lie the optic axis and transverse axis

A

Horizontal plane

101
Q

Lie the optic axis and vertical axis

A

Medial Plane / Sagittal

102
Q

Lie the transverse axis and Vertical axis

A

Equatorial Plane

103
Q

Divides the eyeball to right and left

A

Medial Axis/Sagittal

104
Q

divides the eyeball to anterior and posterior halves

A

Equatorial Plane / Frontal

105
Q

Divides the eyeball from up and down

A

Horizontal Axis

Binocular Vision (1 decks)

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