Axes and Angles Flashcards
Angle alpha is formed by the ____________
a. pupillary and visual axes at the center of the entrance pupil.
b. pupillary axis and the line of sight at the center of the entrance pupil.
c. visual axis and the line of sight at the eye’s principal plane.
d. visual and optical axes at the eye’s anterior nodal point.
d. visual and optical axes at the eye’s anterior nodal point.
Which of the following is NOT associated with the eye’s entrance pupil?
a. angle lambda
b. line of sight
c. angle alpha
d. pupillary axis
c. angle alpha
Which of the following axes is used in the definition of the angle kappa but not in the definition of lambda?
a. pupillary axis
b. visual axis
c. line of sight
d. fixation axis
e. optical axis
b. visual axis
A patient, with a 60mm pupillary distance (PD), looks from a target at infinity to one which is 2m away. By how much will both eyes converge?
a. 1.5 pd
b. 2.0 pd
c. 3.0 pd
d. 4.0 pd
e. 6.0 pd
c. 3.0 pd
When measuring the angle lambda on a patient’s right eye using Javal’s method, you find that the pupillary axis is to the patient’s right of the line of sight in object space by about 3cm at a distance of 50cm from the eyes. The angle lambda is
a. +6 pd
b. +3 pd
c. 0 pd
d. -3 pd
e. -6 pd
a. +6 pd
The straight line, which connects the fixation point and the center of rotation of the eye, is called
a. the optical axis.
b. the pupillary axis.
c. the visual axis.
d. the line of sight.
e. the fixation axis.
e. the fixation axis.
By how much does a patient rotate one of his eyes if he reads a group of words, which is 2cm long, held at a distance of 66cm from the eyes?
a. 0.75 pd
b. 1.33 pd
c. 2 pd
d. 3 pd
e. 6 pd
d. 3 pd
How much convergence occurs when a patient’s two eyes look from a target at infinity to one at 25cm? Assume that the patient’s PD is 60mm?
a. 6 pd
b. 12 pd
c. 18 pd
d. 24 pd
e. 36 pd
d. 24 pd
While using Javal’s method, you find that the line of sight is 2cm nasal to the pupillary axis when measured at a distance of 50 cm. The angle lambda is
a. -4 pd
b. -2 pd
c. -1 pd
d. +2 pd
e. +4 pd
e. +4 pd
Which axis connects the nodal point of the eye and the fixation point?
a. optical axis
b. pupillary axis
c. visual axis
d. fixation axis
e. line of sight
c. visual axis
Which axes are used in the definition of the angle lambda?
a. optical axis and visual axis
b. pupillary axis and line of sight
c. visual axis and papillary axis
d. fixation axis and optical axis
e. line of sight and optical axis
b. pupillary axis and line of sight
The pupillary axis and the line of sight intersect at the _____________ to form the angle ______________
a. Primary nodal point, Kappa
b. Primary nodal point, Lambda
c. Center of entrance pupil, Kappa
d. Center of entrance pupil, Lambda
e. Center of rotation, Kappa
d. Center of entrance pupil, Lambda
Through what angle does an eye rotate in order to read a line of print, which is 10cm long at a distance of 2m?
a. 1 pd
b. 2 pd
c. 5 pd
d. 10 pd
e. 20 pd
c. 5 pd
By how much must the eyes converge to change fixation from a target at infinity to one at 1m? Assume a pupillary distance (PD) of 70mm.
a. 3 pd
b. 6 pd
c. 7 pd
d. 10 pd
e. 12 pd
c. 7 pd
A patient has 11 pd constant right esotropia. Assuming normal fixation status with a 0.5mm nasal corneal reflex in each eye monocularly, the Hirschberg test shows the 1st PS image in the right pupil appearing__________
a. 2 mm to the left of the center.
b. 1 mm to the left of the center.
c. in the center.
d. 1 mm to the right of center.
e. 2 mm to the right of center.
c. in the center.
