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AWS - Cloud Practioner > AWS Technology > Flashcards

AWS Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Compute Resources

What is EC2?

A

EC2 allows you to rent and manage virtual servers in the cloud

Elastic compute power

Virtual servers in the cloud

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2
Q

Compute Resources

What are the methods to access an EC2 instance?

A

AWS Management Console - configure and manage your instances via a web browser

Secure Shell - establish a secure connection to your instance from your local laptop

EC2 Instance Connect (EIC) - allows you to use IAM policies to control SSH access to your instances, removing the need to manage SSH keys

AWS Systems Manager - allows you to manage your EC2 instances via a web browser or the AWS CLI

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3
Q

Compute Resources

What is AWS Lambda?

A

A serverless compute service that lets you run code without managing servers

Code is called functions

Scales automatically

Serverless

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4
Q

Compute Resources

What are some AWS Lambda use cases?

A

Real-time file processing

Sending email notifications

Backend business logic

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5
Q

Compute Resources

How is AWS Lambda charged?

A

Based on the duration and the number of requests.

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6
Q

Compute Resources

What is AWS Fargate?

A

A serverless compute engine for containers

Allows you to manage containers like Docker

Scales automatically

Serverless

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7
Q

Compute Resources

What is Lightsail?

A

Allows you to quickly launch all the resources you need for small projects

Deploy preconfigured applications, like WordPress websites, at the click of a button

Simple screens for people with no cloud experience

Includes a virtual machine, SSD-based storage, data transfer, DNS management, and a static IP

Provides a low, predictable monthly fee, as low as $3.50

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8
Q

Compute Resources

What is AWS Outposts?

A

Allows you to run cloud services in your internal datacenter

Supports workloads that need to remain on-premises due to latency or data sovereignty needs

AWS delivers and installs servers in your internal data center

Use for a hybrid experience

Have access to the cloud services and APIs to develop apps on-premises

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9
Q

Compute Resources

What is AWS Batch?

A

Allows you to process large workloads in smaller chunks (or batches)

Runs hundreds and thousands of smaller batch processing jobs

Dynamically provisions instances based on volume

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10
Q

Storage Resources

What is S3?

A

An object storage service for the cloud that is highly available

Objects (or files) are stored in buckets (or directories)

Essentially unlimited storage that can hold millions of objects per bucket

Objects can be public or private

You can upload objects via the console, the CLI, or programmatically from within code using SDKs.

S3 is a regional service, but bucket names must be globally unique

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11
Q

Storage Resources - EC2 Storage

What is an Instance Store?

A

Local storage that is physically attached to the host computer and cannot be removed

Storage on disks physically attached to an instance

Faster with higher I/O speeds

Storage is temporary since data loss occurs when the EC2 instance is stopped

Recommended for:
Temporary storage needs
Data replicated across multiple instances

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12
Q

Storage Resources - EC2 Storage

What is Elastic Block Store (EBS)?

A

A storage device (called a volume) that can be attached to (or removed from) your instance.

Data persists when the instance is not running

Tied to one availability zone

Can only be attached to one instance in the same availability zone

Recommended for:
Quickly accessible data
Running a database on an instance
Long-term data storage

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13
Q

Storage Resources - EC2 Storage

What is Elastic File System (EFS)?

A

A serverless network file system for sharing files

Only supports the Linux file system

More expensive than EBS

Accessible across different availability zones in the same region

Recommended for:
Main directories for business-critical apps
Lift-and-shift existing enterprise apps

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14
Q

Storage Resources

What is the Storage Gateway service?

A

A hybrid storage service

Connect on-premises and cloud data

Supports a hybrid model

Recommended for:
Moving backups to the cloud
Reducing costs for hybrid cloud storage
Low latency access to data

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15
Q

Storage Resources

What is AWS Backup?

A

Helps you manage data backups across multiple AWS services

Integrates with resources like EC2, EBS, EFS, and more

Create a backup plan that includes frequency and retention

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16
Q

Content and Delivery Services

What is CloudFront?

A

A Content Delivery Network (CDN) that delivers data and applications globally with low latency

Makes content available globally or restricts it based on location

Speeds up delivery of static and dynamic web content

Uses edge locations to cache content

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17
Q

Content and Delivery Services

What is Global Accelerator?

A

A service that sends your users through the AWS global network when accessing your content, speeding up delivery

Improves latency and availability of single-region applications

Sends traffic through the AWS global network infrastructure

60% performance boots

Automatically re-routes traffic to healthy available regional endpoints

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18
Q

Content and Delivery Services

What is S3 Transfer Acceleration?

A

A service that improves content uploads and downloads to and from S3 buckets

Fast transfer of files over long distances

Uses CloudFront’s globally distributed edge locations

Customer around the world can upload to a central bucket

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19
Q

Network Services

What is a VPC?

A

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a foundational service that allows you to create a secure private network in the AWS cloud where you launch your resources

Private virtual network

Launch resources like EC2 instances inside the VPC

Isolate and protect resources

A VPC spans availability zones in a region

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20
Q

Network Services

What is VPC Peering?

A

VPC Peering facilitates the transfer of data in a secure manner between VPCs through a peering connection

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21
Q

Network Services

What is Route 53?

A

A DNS service that routes users to applications

Cloud DNS service

Domain name registration

Performs health checks on AWS resources

Supports hybrid cloud architectures

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22
Q

Network Services

What is Direct Connect?

A

A dedicated physical network connection from your on-premises data center to AWS
Dedicated physical network connection

Connects your on-premises data center to AWS

Data travels over a private network

Supports a hybrid environment

Use cases:
Large datasets - transfer large datasets to AWS
Business-critical data - transfer data directly to AWS bypassing your internet service provider
Hybrid model - build hybrid environments

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23
Q

Network Services

What is AWS VPN?

A

Site-to-Site VPN creates a secure connection between your internal networks and your AWS VPCs
Similar to Direct Connect, but data travels over the public Internet

Data is automatically encrypted

Connects your on-premises data center to AWS

Supports a hybrid environment

Components
Virtual Private Gateway - AWS side VPN connector
Customer Gateway - Customer side VPN connector

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24
Q

Network Services

What is API Gateway?

A

Allows you to build and manage APIs

Share data between systems

Integrate with services like Lambda

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25
Q

Database Services

What is RDS?

A

Relational Database - Amazon Relational Database Service - a service that makes it easy to launch and manage relational databases

Supports popular database engines like Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server

Offers high availability and fault tolerance using Multi-AZ deployment option

AWS manages the database with automatic software patching, automated backups, operating system maintenance, and more

Launch read replicas across regions in order to provide enhanced performance and durability

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26
Q

Database Services

What is Aurora?

A

Relational Database - a relational database compatible with MySQL and PostgreSql that was created by AWS

Supports MySQL and PostgreSQL database engines

5x faster than normal MySQL and 3x faster than normal PostgreSQL

Scales automatically while providing durability and high availability

Managed by RDS

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27
Q

Database Services

What is DynamoDB?

A

NoSQL Database - is a fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database

NoSQL key-value database

Fully managed and serverless

Non-relational

Scales automatically to massive workloads with fast performance

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28
Q

Database Services

What is DocumentDB?

A

Document Database - a fully managed document database that supports MongoDB

Document database

MongoDB compatibile

Fully managed and serverless

Non-relational

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29
Q

Database Services

What is ElastiCache?

A

In-memory Database - a fully managed in-memory datastore compatible with Redis or Memcached

In-memory datastore

Compatible with Redis or Memcached engines

Data can be lost

Offers high performance and low latency

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30
Q

Database Services

What is Neptune?

A

Graph Database - a fully managed graph database that supports highly connected datasets

Graph database service

Supports highly connected datasets like social media networks

Fully managed and serverless

Fast and reliable

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31
Q

Database Services

Database Use Cases

A
  1. Migrate an on-premises Oracle database to the cloud
    a. RDS
    1. Migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to the cloud
      a. RDS
      b. Aurora
    2. Alleviate database load for data that is accessed often
      a. ElastiCache
    3. Process large sets of users profiles and social interactions
      a. Neptune
    4. NoSQL database fast enough to handle millions of requests per second
      a. DynamoDB
    5. Operate MongoDB workloads at scale
      a. DocumentDB
32
Q

Migration and Transfer Services

What is Database Migration Service (DMS)?

A

Helps you migrate databases to or within AWS

Migrate on-premises databases to AWS

Continuous data replication

Supports homogeneous and heterogeneous migrations

Virtually no downtime

33
Q

Migration and Transfer Services

What is Server Migration Service (SMS)?

A

Allows you to migrate on-premises servers to AWS

Migrates on-premises servers to AWS

Server saved as a new Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

Use AMI to launch servers as EC2 instances

34
Q

Migration and Transfer Services

What is the Snow Family of services?

A

Physical data transfer services - Allows you to transfer large amounts of on-premises data to AWS using a physical device
* Snowcone
Smallest member of data transport devices
8 terabytes of usable storage
Offline shipping
Online with Datasync
* Snowball and Snowball Edge
Petabyte-scale data transport solution
Transfer data in and out
Cheaper than Internet transfer
Snowball Edge supports EC2 and Lambda
* Snowmobile
Multi-petabyte or exabyte scale
Data loaded to S3
Securely transported

35
Q

Migration and Transfer Services

What is DataSync?

A

Allows for online data transfer from on-premises to AWS storage services like S3 or EFS

Migrates data from on-premises to AWS

Copy data over Direct Connect or the Internet

Copy data between AWS storage services

Replicate data cross-Region or cross-account

36
Q

Analytics Services

What is a Data warehouse?

A

A data warehouse is a data storage solution that aggregates massive amounts of historical data from disparate sources.

Data warehouses support querying, reporting, analytics, and business intelligence. They are not used for transaction processing.

37
Q

Analytics Services

What is Redshift?

A

A scalable data warehouse solution

Data warehousing solution

Improves speed and efficiency

Handles exabyte-scale data

Use Cases

When you need to consolidate multiple data sources for reporting

When you want to run a database that doesn’t require real-time transaction processing (insert, update, and delete)

38
Q

Analytics Services

What is Analytics?

A

The act of querying or processing your data.

Services that allow you to gain deeper insights enhance decision-making, and act in real time to what your data is telling you.

39
Q

Analytics Services

What is Athena?

A

A query service for Amazon S3

Query service

Analyze S3 data using SQL

Pay per query

Considered serverless

40
Q

Analytics Services

What is Glue?

A

Prepares your data for analytics

Extract, transform, load - (ETL) service

Prepare and load data

Helps to better understand your data

41
Q

Analytics Services

What is kinesis?

A

Allows you to analyze data and video streams in real time

Analyze real-time streaming data

Supports video, audio, application logs, website clickstreams, and IoT

42
Q

Analytics Services

What is Elastic MapReduce (EMR)?

A

Helps you process large amounts of data

Process big data

Analyze data using Hadoop

Works with big data frameworks

43
Q

Analytics Services

What is Data Pipeline?

A

Helps you move data between compute and storage services running either on AWS or on-premises

Moves data at specific intervals

Moves data based on conditions

Sends notifications on success or failure

44
Q

Analytics Services

What is QuickSight?

A

Helps you visualize your data

Build interactive dashboards

Embed dashboards in your applications

45
Q

Analytics Services

Analytics Use Cases

A
  1. Search data in S3

Athena helps you query historical data stored in S3 as if they were relational data using standard SQL

  1. Log Analytics

Kinesis helps you analyze logs in near real time for application monitoring or fraud detection

46
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is Artificial intelligence (AI)?

A

Artificial intelligence (AI) teaches computers to do things that normally require human intelligence. Businesses leverage AI and machine learning to add intelligence to their applications and leverage trends and patterns in data.

47
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is Rekognition?

A

Allows you to automate your image and video analysis

Image and video analysis

Identify customer labels in images and videos

Face and text detection in images and videos

Use case
Review video and provide analysis

48
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is comprehend?

A

A natural-language processing (NLP) service that finds relationships in text.

Natural-language processing (NLP) service

Uncovers insights and relationships

Analyzes text

Use case
Review social media posts for specific words

49
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is Polly?

A

Turns text into speech

Mimics natural-sounding human speech

Several voices across many languages

Can create a custom voice

Use case
Convert text to speech for audio recordings

50
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is SageMaker?

A

Helps you build, train, and deploy machine learning models quickly

Prepare data for models

Train and deploy models

Provides deep learning AMIs

Use case
Build a recommendation engine. Recommend movies and products to buy.

51
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is Tanslate?

A

Provides language translation

Provides real-time and batch language translation

Supports many languages

Translates many content formats

Use case
Add localization to websites or applications

52
Q

Machine Learning Services

What is Lex?

A

Helps you build conversational interfaces like chatbots

Recognizes speech and understands language

Build highly engaging chatbots

Powers Amazon Alexa

Use case
Integrate voice into a device

53
Q

Developer Tools

What is Cloud9?

A

Allows you to write code within an integrated development environment (IDE) from within your web browser.

Integrated development environment (IDE)

Write and debug code
Supports popular programing languages

Use case
Build serverless applications - preconfigures the development environment with the needed SDKs and libraries. You can easily write the code for your Lambda function directly in your web browser

54
Q

Developer Tools

What is CodeCommit?

A

A source control system for private Git repositories

Create repositories to store code

Commit, branch, and merge code

Collaborate with other software developers

Use case
Manage versions of source code files for your applications similar to GitHub

55
Q

Developer Tools

What is CodeBuild?

A

Allows you to build and test your application source code

Compiles source code and runs tests

Enables continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD)

Produces build artifacts ready to be deployed

Use case
Run tests before deploying a new version of an application to production

56
Q

Developer Tools

What is CodeDeploy?

A

Manages the deployment of code to compute services in the cloud or on-premises

Deploys code to EC2, Fargate, Lambda, and on-premises

Maintains application uptime

Use case
Maintain application uptime when rolling out a new version through rolling deployments

57
Q

Developer Tools

What is CodePipeline?

A

Deliver new features and updates

Quickly deliver new features and updates

Integrates with CodeBuild to run builds and unit tests

Integrates with CodeCommit to retrieve source code

Integrates with CodeDeploy to deploy your changes

Use case
Add automation to the building, testing, and deployment of your application

58
Q

Developer Tools

What is X-Ray?

A

Helps you debug production applications

Analyze and debug production applications

Map application components

View requests end to end

Use case
Trace calls to an RDS database

59
Q

Developer Tools

What is CodeStar?

A

Helps developers collaboratively work on development projects

Developers connect their development environment

Integrates with CodeCommit, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy

Contains issue tracking dashboard

Use case
Manage the development pipeline

60
Q

Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services

What do Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services provide?

A

These services help you quickly stand up new applications, automate the management of infrastructure, and provide real-time visibility into system health.

61
Q

Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services

What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

A

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) - allows you to write a script to provision AWS resources.

The benefit is that you provision resources in a reproducible manner that saves time.

62
Q

Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services

What is CloudFormation?

A

Allows you to provision AWS resources using Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Provides a repeatable process for provisioning resources

Works with most AWS services

Create templates for the resources you want to provision

Use case
Automate the infrastructure provisioning process for EC2 servers

63
Q

Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services

What is Elastic Beanstalk?

A

Allows you to deploy your web applications and web services to AWS

Orchestration service that provisions resources

Automatically handles the deployment

Monitors application health via a health dashboard

Use case
Quickly deploy a scalable Java-based web application to AWS

64
Q

Deployment and Infrastructure Managed Services

What is OpsWorks?

A

Allows you to use Chef or Puppet to automate the configuration of your servers and deploy code

Deploy code and manage applications

Manage on-premises servers for EC2 instances in AWS Cloud

Works with Chef and Puppet automation platforms

Use case
Automate software configurations and infrastructure management for your application

65
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is coupling and what is the significance of loose coupling?

A

Coupling defines the interdependencies or connections between components of a system.

Loose coupling helps reduce the risk of cascading failures between components

66
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is the disadvantage of a Monolithic Application that uses tight coupling?

A

An application that uses Tight coupling - tightly coupled components are highly dependent on each other

67
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is the benefit of using Microservices that use loose coupling?

A

Loose coupling - loosely coupled components are connected but not dependent on each other

68
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What are queues?

A

Data structure that holds requests or messages

Used to implement loosely coupled systems

69
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is the Simple Queue Service (SQS)?

A

A message queuing service that allows you to build loosely coupled systems.

Allows component-to-component communication using messages

Multiple components (or producers) can add messages to the queue

Messages are processed in an asynchronous manner

70
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is the Simple Notification Service (SNS)?

A

Allows you to send emails and text messages from your applications

Send email and text messages

Publish messages to a topic

Subscribers receive messages

71
Q

Messaging Integration Services

What is the Simple Email Service (SES)?

A

An email service that allows you to send richly formatted HTML emails from your applications

Ideal choice for marketing campaigns or professional emails

Unlike SNS, SES sends HTML emails

72
Q

Auditing, Monitoring, and Logging Services

What do the Auditing, Monitoring, and Logging Services provide?

A

Services that give you insights into how well your systems are performing and help you proactively find and resolve errors

Helps to answer the following types of questions
1. Who signed in and made changes via the AWS management console?
2. What is the current load on this EC2 instance?
3. What is the root cause of this application error?
4. Which execution path resulted in this error?

73
Q

Auditing, Monitoring, and Logging Services

What is CloudWatch?

A

A collection of services that help you monitor and observe your cloud resources

Collects metrics, logs, and events

Detect anomalies in your environment

Set alarms

Visualize logs

Services
CloudWatch Alarms - Set high resolution alarms
CloudWatch Logs - Monitor application logs
CloudWatch Metrics - Visualize time-series data
CloudWatch Events - Trigger an event based on a condition

74
Q

Auditing, Monitoring, and Logging Services

What is CloudTrail?

A

Tracks user activity and API calls within your account

Log and retain account activity

Track activity through the console, SDKs, and CLI

Identify which user made changes

Detect unusual activity in your account

Use Cases
Track the time a particular event occurred in your account

Troubleshoot events over the past 90 days

You can create a custom trail to extend past 90 days
Track
Username
Event time and name
IP address
Access key
Region
Error code

75
Q

Additional Services

What is Amazon Workspaces?

A

Host virtual desktops in the cloud

Virtualize Windows or Linux desktops

Enables employees to work from home

76
Q

Additional Services

What is Amazon Connect?

A

A cloud contact center service

Provides customer service functionality

Improves productivity of help desk agents

AWS - Cloud Practioner (4 decks)

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