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AWS Cloud Practitioner (Digital Cloud) > AWS Storage > Flashcards

AWS Storage Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)?

A

Amazon S3 is object storage built to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere – web sites and mobile apps, corporate applications, and data from IoT sensors or devices.

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2
Q

What kind of file can S3 store?

A

You can store any type of file in S3.

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3
Q

What are some selling points of S3?

A

S3 is designed to deliver 99.999999999% durability, and stores data for millions of applications used by market leaders in every industry.

S3 provides comprehensive security and compliance capabilities that meet even the most stringent regulatory requirements.

S3 gives customers flexibility in the way they manage data for cost optimization, access control, and compliance.

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4
Q

What are the typical use cases of S3?

A

Backup and Storage – Provide data backup and storage services for others.

Application Hosting – Provide services that deploy, install, and manage web applications.

Media Hosting – Build a redundant, scalable, and highly available infrastructure that hosts video, photo, or music uploads and downloads.

Software Delivery – Host your software applications that customers can download.

Static Website – you can configure a static website to run from an S3 bucket.

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5
Q

What is the benefit of S3’s query in place functionality?

A

S3 provides query-in-place functionality, allowing you to run powerful analytics directly on your data at rest in S3

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6
Q

What is benefit that S3 is the most supported Cloud Storage Service?

A

Amazon S3 is the most supported cloud storage service available, with integration from the largest community of third-party solutions, systems integrator partners, and other AWS services

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7
Q

How large can a file stored in S3 be?

A

Files can be anywhere from 0 bytes to 5 TB.

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8
Q

How much can you store in S3?

A

There is unlimited storage available.

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9
Q

What is the file structure of S3 storage?

A

Files are stored in buckets.

Buckets are root level folders.

Any subfolder within a bucket is known as a “folder”.

S3 is a universal namespace so bucket names must be unique globally.

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10
Q

What are the seven S3 Storage classes?

A

S3 Standard (durable, immediately available, frequently accessed).

S3 Intelligent-Tiering (automatically moves data to the most cost-effective tier).

S3 Standard-IA (durable, immediately available, infrequently accessed).

S3 One Zone-IA (lower cost for infrequently accessed data with less resilience).

S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval (data that is rarely accessed and requires retrieval in milliseconds).

S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (archived data, retrieval times in minutes or hours).

S3 Glacier Deep Archive (lowest cost storage class for long term retention).

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11
Q

What is S3 Standard?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.99%
Availability SLA 99.9%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object N/A
Minimum storage duration charge N/A
Retrieval fee N/A
First byte latency milliseconds

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12
Q

What is S3 Intelligent Tiering?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.9%
Availability SLA 99%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object N/A
Minimum storage duration charge N/A
Retrieval fee N/A
First byte latency milliseconds

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13
Q

What is S3 standard IA?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.9%
Availability SLA 99%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object 128KB
Minimum storage duration charge 30 days
Retrieval fee Per GB retrieved
First byte latency milliseconds

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14
Q

What is S3 One Zone IA?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.5%
Availability SLA 99%
Availability Zones 1
Minimum capacity charge per object 128KB
Minimum storage duration charge 30 days
Retrieval fee Per GB retrieved
First byte latency milliseconds

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15
Q

What is S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.9%
Availability SLA 99%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object 128KB
Minimum storage duration charge 90 days
Retrieval fee Per GB retrieved
First byte latency milliseconds

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16
Q

What is S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.99%
Availability SLA 99.99%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object 40KB
Minimum storage duration charge 90days
Retrieval fee Per GB retrieved
First byte latency minutes or hours

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17
Q

What is S3 Glacier Deep Archive?

A

Designed for durability 11 9s
Designed for availability 99.99%
Availability SLA 99.9%
Availability Zones ≥3
Minimum capacity charge per object 40KB
Minimum storage duration charge 180 days
Retrieval fee Per GB retrieved
First byte latency hours

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18
Q

What kind of Data store is S3?

A

S3 is a persistent, highly durable data store.

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19
Q

What is Persistent Data Store in S3?

A

Persistent data stores are non-volatile storage systems that retain data when powered off.

This contrasts with transient data stores and ephemeral data stores which lose the data when powered off.

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20
Q

What are the other types of data stores?

A

Persistent Data Store Data is durable and sticks around after reboots, restarts, or power cycles S3, Glacier, EBS, EFS
Transient Data Store Data is just temporarily stored and passed along to another process or persistent store SQS, SNS
Ephemeral Data Store Data is lost when the system is stopped EC2 Instance Store, Memcached

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21
Q

What are the rules for S3 bucket names?

A

Names must be unique across all of AWS.
Names must be 3 to 63 characters in length.
Names can only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens.
Names cannot be formatted as an IP address.

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22
Q

What does an object consist of in S3?

A

Objects consist of:

Key (name of the object).
Value (data made up of a sequence of bytes).
Version ID (used for versioning).
Metadata (data about the data that is stored).

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23
Q

What does a subresource consist of in S3?

A

Subresources:

Access control lists.
Torrent.

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24
Q

What is object sharing in S3?

A

Object sharing – the ability to make any object publicly available via a URL.

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25
Q

What is Lifecycle management in S3?

A

Lifecycle management – set rules to transfer objects between storage classes at defined time intervals.

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26
Q

What is versioning in S3?

A

Versioning – automatically keep multiple versions of an object (when enabled).

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27
Q

How does S3 bucket stay secure?

A

Encryption can be enabled for bucket.

Data is secured using ACLs and bucket policies.

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28
Q

What are the charges for S3?

A

Charges:

  • Storage.
  • Requests.
  • Storage management pricing.
  • Data transfer pricing.
  • Transfer acceleration.
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29
Q

What are the best practice for creating buckets?

A

When you create a bucket you need to select the region where it will be created.

It is a best practice to create buckets in regions that are physically closest to your users to reduce latency.

30
Q

What are some additional capabilities offered by S3?

A

Transfer Acceleration Speed up data uploads using CloudFront in reverse
Requester Pays The requester rather than the bucket owner pays for requests and data transfer
Tags Assign tags to objects to use in costing, billing, security etc.
Events Trigger notifications to SNS, SQS, or Lambda when certain events happen in your bucket
Static Web Hosting Simple and massively scalable static website hosting
BitTorrent Use the BitTorrent protocol to retrieve any publicly available object by automatically generating a .torrent file

31
Q

What is AWS Snowball?

A

With AWS Snowball (Snowball), you can transfer hundreds of terabytes or petabytes of data between your on-premises data centers and Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3).

Uses a secure storage device for physical transportation.

32
Q

What is AWS Snowball Client?

A

AWS Snowball Client is software that is installed on a local computer and is used to identify, compress, encrypt, and transfer data.

Uses 256-bit encryption (managed with the AWS KMS) and tamper-resistant enclosures with TPM.

33
Q

What other AWS Snow offerings are there?

A

Service What it Is
AWS Snowball Bulk data transfer, edge storage, and edge compute
AWS Snowmobile A literal shipping container full of storage (up to 100PB) and a truck to transport it
AWS Snowcone The smallest device in the range that is best suited for outside the data center

34
Q

What integration does Snowball have with S3?

A

Snowball can import to S3 or export from S3.

Import/export is when you send your own disks into AWS – this is being deprecated in favor of Snowball.

35
Q

Where can you order / return Snowball?

A

Snowball must be ordered from and returned to the same region.

36
Q

What is best practice for Snowball to speed up data transfer?

A

To speed up data transfer it is recommended to run simultaneous instances of the AWS Snowball Client in multiple terminals and transfer small files as batches.

37
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)?

A

Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) provides persistent block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud.

38
Q

How does EBS protect from component failure?

A

Each Amazon EBS volume is automatically replicated within its Availability Zone to protect you from component failure, offering high availability and durability.

39
Q

How does EBS scale?

A

Amazon EBS volumes offer the consistent and low-latency performance needed to run your workloads. With Amazon EBS, you can scale your usage up or down within minutes – all while paying a low price for only what you provision.

40
Q

What are the different volume types of EBS?

A

EBS Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1/io2)

EBS General Purpose SSD (gp2/gp3)

Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)

Cold HDD (sc1)

41
Q

What is EBS Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1/io2)?

A

Highest performance SSD volume designed for latency-sensitive transactional workloads

Use case: I/O-intensive NoSQL and relational databases

Volume size: 4 GiB – 16 TiB

Max IOPS** / Volume: 64,000

Max Throughput Volume: 1,000 MiB/s

Can be boot volume? Yes

EBS Multi-attach: Supported

42
Q

What is EBS General Purpose SSD (gp2/gp3)?

A

General Purpose SSD volume that balances price performance for a wide variety of transactional workloads

Use case: Boot volumes, low-latency interactive apps, dev & test

Volume size: 1 GiB – 16 TiB

Max IOPS** / Volume: 16,000

Max Throughput Volume: 250 MiB/s (gp2) 1000 MiB/s (gp3)

Can be boot volume? Yes

EBS Multi-attach: Not Supported

43
Q

What is Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)?

A

Low-cost HDD volume, designed for frequently accessed. Throughput intensive workloads

Use case: Big-data, data warehouses, log processing

Volume size: 125 GB – 16 TiB

Max IOPS** / Volume: 500

Max Throughput Volume: 500 MiB/s

Can be boot volume? No

EBS Multi-attach: Not Supported

44
Q

What is Cold HDD (sc1)?

A

Lowest cost HDD volume designed for less frequently accessed workloads

Use case: Colder data requiring fewer scans per day

Volume size: 125 GB – 16 TiB

Max IOPS** / Volume: 250

Max Throughput Volume: 250 MiB/s

Can be boot volume? No

EBS Multi-attach: Not Supported

45
Q

Does EBS volume persistence depend on life of the instance?

A

EBS volume data persists independently of the life of the instance.

46
Q

Does EBS volume need to be attached to an instance?

A

EBS volumes do not need to be attached to an instance.

47
Q

Attaching EBS volume to instance

A

You can attach multiple EBS volumes to an instance.

You cannot attach an EBS volume to multiple instances (use Elastic File Store instead).

EBS volumes must be in the same AZ as the instances they are attached to.

48
Q

Does EBS have termination protection enabled by default?

A

Termination protection is turned off by default and must be manually enabled (keeps the volume/data when the instance is terminated).

Root EBS volumes are deleted on termination by default.

Extra non-boot volumes are not deleted on termination by default.

The behavior can be changed by altering the “DeleteOnTermination” attribute.

49
Q

What is an EBS Snapshot?

A
  • Snapshots capture a point-in-time state of an instance.
  • Snapshots are stored on S3.
  • Does not provide granular backup (not a replacement for backup software).
  • If you make periodic snapshots of a volume, the snapshots are incremental, which means that only the blocks on the device that have changed after your last snapshot are saved in the new snapshot.
  • Even though snapshots are saved incrementally, the snapshot deletion process is designed so that you need to retain only the most recent snapshot to restore the volume.
  • Snapshots can only be accessed through the EC2 APIs.
  • EBS volumes are AZ specific, but snapshots are region specific.
50
Q

What is an Instance Store Volumes?

A

Instance store volumes are high performance local disks that are physically attached to the host computer on which an EC2 instance runs.

51
Q

Are instance store volumes ephmeral?

A

Instance stores are ephemeral which means the data is lost when powered off (non-persistent).

52
Q

What are instances stores ideal for?

A

Instances stores are ideal for temporary storage of information that changes frequently, such as buffers, caches, or scratch data.

53
Q

How are instance store volume root devices created?

A

Instance store volume root devices are created from AMI templates stored on S3.

54
Q

Can instance store volumes be detached/reattached?

A

Instance store volumes cannot be detached/reattached.

55
Q

What is Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)?

A

EFS is a fully managed service that makes it easy to set up and scale file storage in the Amazon Cloud.

56
Q

What is the use case of EFS?

A

Good for big data and analytics, media processing workflows, content management, web serving, home directories etc.

57
Q

What protocol does EFS use?

A

EFS uses the NFS protocol.

58
Q

What is pay system for EFS?

A

Pay for what you use (no pre-provisioning required).

59
Q

How much storage can EFS scale up to?

A

Can scale up to petabytes.

60
Q

What does Elastic mean in EFS?

A

EFS is elastic and grows and shrinks as you add and remove data.

61
Q

Where is data stored in EFS?

A

Data is stored across multiple AZs within a region.

Read after write consistency.

62
Q

Connecting EFS to EC2 Instances

A

EFS can concurrently connect 1 to 1000s of EC2 instances, from multiple AZs.

A file system can be accessed concurrently from all AZs in the region where it is located.

Need to create mount targets and choose AZs to include (recommended to include all AZ’s).

Instances can be behind an ELB.

63
Q

How many EFS file systems can be created per account?

A

By default you can create up to 10 file systems per account.

64
Q

Does EFS have on premise access?

A

On-premises access can be enabled via Direct Connect or AWS VPN.

65
Q

What type of SSD options does EFS have?

A

Can choose General Purpose or Max I/O (both SSD).

66
Q

What does the VPC of the connecting instance must have to connect to EFS?

A

The VPC of the connecting instance must have DNS hostnames enabled.

67
Q

What features does EFS provide for file system?

A

EFS provides a file system interface, file system access semantics (such as strong consistency and file locking).

68
Q

What are the two performance modes that EFS has?

A

“General Purpose” performance mode is appropriate for most file systems.
“Max I/O” performance mode is optimized for applications where tens, hundreds, or thousands of EC2 instances are accessing the file system.

69
Q

What is EFS designed to do?

A

Amazon EFS is designed to burst to allow high throughput levels for periods of time.

70
Q

What is AWS Storage Gateway?

A

AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that gives you on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage.

71
Q

What do customers use Storage Gateway for?

A

Customers use Storage Gateway to simplify storage management and reduce costs for key hybrid cloud storage use cases.

These include moving backups to the cloud, using on-premises file shares backed by cloud storage, and providing low latency access to data in AWS for on-premises applications.

72
Q

What are the three types of Storage Gateways?

A

File Gateway – provides file system interfaces to on-premises servers.
Volume Gateway – provides block-based access for on-premises servers.
Tape Gateway – provides a virtual tape library that is compatible with common backup software (block and file interfaces).

AWS Cloud Practitioner (Digital Cloud) (19 decks)

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