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AWS > AWS Solutions Architect - AWS Object Storage and CDN - S3, Glacier and CloudFront > Flashcards

AWS Solutions Architect - AWS Object Storage and CDN - S3, Glacier and CloudFront Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

Termination Protection is turned on by default

A

False.

Termination Protection must be enabled, as it is not turned on by default.

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2
Q

On an EBS-backed instance, the default action is for root EBS volume to be deleted when the instance in terminated

A

True

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3
Q

EBS Root Volumes of your DEFAULT AMI’s can be encrypted

A

False.
EBS Root Volumes of your DEFAULT AMI’s cannot be encrypted. You can use a third party tool (such as bit locker etc) to encrypt the root volume, or this can be done when creating AMIs in the AWS console or using the API

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4
Q

Additional Volumes cannot be encrypted.

A

False.

Additional Volumes can be encrypted.

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5
Q

What does EC2 stand for?

A

Elastic Compute Cloud

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6
Q

Which EC2 Option:

allows you to pay a fixed rate by the hour with no commitment?

A

On Demand

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7
Q

Which EC2 Option:
Provides you with a capacity reservation and offer a significant discount on hourly charge for an instance. 1 to 3 year terms ?

A

Reserved

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8
Q

Which EC2 Option:
enables you to bid whatever price you want for instance capacity, providing for even greater savings if your applications have flexible start and end times?

A

Spot

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9
Q

Which EC2 Option:

offers physical EC2 servers dedicated for your use?

A

Dedicated Hosts

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10
Q

Which EC2 Option:
should be used by users that want the low cost and flexibility of Amazon EC2 without any up-front payment or long-term commitment?

A

On Demand

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11
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted?

A

On Demand

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12
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications being developed or tested on Amazon EC2 for the first time?

A

On Demand

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13
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications with steady state or predictable usage?

A

Reserved

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14
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications that require reserved capacity?

A

Reserved

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15
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used so users are able to make upfront payments to reduce their total computing costs even further?

A

Reserved

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16
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications with flexible start and end times?

A

Spot

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17
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used for applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices?

A

Spot

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18
Q

Which EC2 Option:

should be used by users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of capacity?

A

Spot

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19
Q

Which EC2 Option:

is useful for regulatory requirements that may not support multi-tenant virtualization?

A

Dedicated Hosts

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20
Q

Which EC2 Option:

is great for licensing which does not support multi-tenancy or cloud deployments?

A

Dedicated Hosts

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21
Q

Which EC2 Option(s):

can be purchased On-demand (hourly)

A

On Demand and Dedicated Hosts

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22
Q

Which EC2 Option:

can be purchased as a Reservation for up to 70% off the On-Demand price?

A

Dedicated Hosts

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23
Q

If the Spot Instance is terminated by Amazon EC2, you are responsible to pay for the partial hour of usage.

A

False.
you will not be charged for the partial hour of usage if AWS terminates your ECS instance. You are responsible for the partial hour if YOU terminate it early.

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24
Q

If you terminate a Spot instance yourself, you will be charged for any hour in which the instance ran

A

True

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25
Q

What is the result if the EC2 Spot price rises of above your submitted bid price?

A

Your instance will be terminated, and you will not be charged for the partial hour.

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26
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used as Fileservers / Data Warehousing / Hadoop?

A

Dense Storage (D2)

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27
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for Memory Intensive Apps / DBs?

A

Memory Optimized (R4)

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28
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used as application servers

A

General Purpose (M4)

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29
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for CPU intensive apps / DBs?

A

Compute Optimized (C4)

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30
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for video encoding / 3D application streaming?

A

Graphics Intensive (G2)

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31
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for NoSQL DBs, Data Warehousing, etc.

A

High Speed Storage (I2)

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32
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for hardware acceleration for your code?

A

Field Programmable Gate Array (F1)

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33
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for Web servers / Small DBs?

A

Lowest Cost, General Purpose (T2)

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34
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for machine learning, Bit Coin Mining etc.?

A

Graphics/General Purpose GPU (P2)

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35
Q

Which EC2 Instance Type:

should be used for SAP HANA/Apache Spark etc.?

A

Memory Optimized (X1)

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36
Q

What is the mnemonic for the EC2 Instance Types, and what does each letter stand for?

A

Mnemonic: DR Mc GIFT PX

D - for Density
R - for RAM
M - main choice for general purpose
C - for Compute
G - for Graphics
I - for IOPs
F - for FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays)
T - cheap general purpose (think T2 Micro)
P - Graphics (think Pics)
X - Extreme Memory
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37
Q

What is the mnemonic for EC2 instance families?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

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38
Q

Which EC2 family does the “D” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

D: Density

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39
Q

Which EC2 family does the “R” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

R: RAM

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40
Q

Which EC2 family does the “M” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

M: Main choice (general purpose)

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41
Q

Which EC2 family does the “C” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

C: Compute

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42
Q

Which EC2 family does the “G” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

G: Graphics

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43
Q

Which EC2 family does the “I” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

I: IOPS (I/O operations per second)

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44
Q

Which EC2 family does the “F” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

F: FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)

NOT: Female Professional Golfers Association

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45
Q

Which EC2 family does the “T” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

T: T2 Micro (cheap general purpose)

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46
Q

Which EC2 family does the “P” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

P: Graphics (think Pics)

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47
Q

Which EC2 family does the “X” represent in the mnemonic?

A

Dr Mc Gift Px

X: eXtreme Memory

48
Q

How many EBS Volume Types does AWS offer? Name them.

A

There are 5 Volume Types:

1) GP2 - General purpose SSD
2) IO1 - Provisioned IOPS SSD
3) ST1 - Throughput Optimized HDD (Magnetic Storage)
4) SC1 - Cold HDD
5) Magnetic (Standard)

49
Q

Which EBS Volume Type is best for general purpose, balancing both price and performance?

A

General Purpose SSD (GP2)

50
Q

Which EBS Volume Type provides a ratio of 3 IOPS per GB with up to 10,000 IOPS and the ability to burst up to 3000 IOPS for extended periods of time for volumes under 1GiB

A

General Purpose SSD (GP2)

51
Q

Which EBS Volume Type is designed for I/O intensive applications such as large relational or NoSQL DBs?

A

Provisioned IOPS SSD (I01)

52
Q

Which EBS Volume Type would you use should you require over 10,000 IOPS?

A

Provisioned IOPS SSD (I01)

53
Q

What is the maximum IOPS that can be provisioned by each IO1 EBS Volume?

A

20,000

54
Q

Which EBS Volume Type would be ideal for Big Data, data warehouses or log processing?

A

Throughput Optimized HDD (ST1)

55
Q

True or False:

ST1 EBS Volume Types are ideal for use as boot volumes?

A

False.

Throughput Optimized HDD (ST1) cannot be used as boot volumes.

56
Q

How many EBS Volume Types cannot be used as boot volumes? Name them.

A

Answer: 2

1) Throughput Optimized HDD (ST1)
2) Cold HDD (SC1)

57
Q

Which EBS Volume Type provides the lowest cost storage for infrequently accessed workloads?

A

Cold HDD (SC1)

58
Q

Which bootable EBS Volume Type has the lowest cost per GB?

A

Magnetic (Standard)

59
Q

True or False:
Magnetic EBS Volumes are ideal for workloads where data is accessed infrequently, and applications where the lowest storage cost is important.

A

True

60
Q

True of False:

ST1 and SC1 are basically the same thing, however, ST1 is bootable whereas SC1 is not

A

False

SC1 and Magnetic (Standard) are basically the same thing, but Magnetic is bootable, which SC1 is not.

61
Q

What does EBS stand for?

A

Elastic Block Storage

62
Q

True or False:

You can mount 1 EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances

A

False.

You cannot mount 1 EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances. Instead use EFS.

63
Q

True or False:

1 EC2 instance can have multiple security groups

A

True

64
Q

True or False:

AMIs are virtual firewalls

A

False

AMIs are Amazon Machine Images. Security Groups are virtual firewalls

65
Q

True or False:

Any modifications to a Security Groups require 24 hours to propagate to all servers.

A

False.

Changes to security groups are immediate.

66
Q

True or False:

Security Group Rules are stateful, which means an outbound rule must be provided to allow traffic traffic back out again

A

False.

Security Group Rules are stateful, but traffic is automatically allowed back out again. No outbound rules are required

67
Q

True or False:

Security Groups can be used to deny inbound traffic access to certain ports

A

False.

Security Groups can only allow. All inbound traffic is denied by default.

68
Q

True or False:

A Security Group can have only a single EC2 instance.

A

False.

You can have any number of EC2 instances within a security group.

69
Q

True or False:

You cannot block specific IP addresses using Security Groups.

A

True.

Instead, use Network Access Control Lists.

70
Q

What is the maximum S3 file size?

A

5 TB

71
Q

What is the S3 storage maximum?

A

S3 storage is unlimited, but you will pay by the GB

72
Q

S3 is a global namespace. How does this affect naming convention?

A

Bucket names must be unique globally

73
Q

what is the S3 URL naming convention?

A

https: s3-[region].amazonaws.com/[bucket]

e. g., https://s3-aws-west-2.amazonaws.com/acloudguru

74
Q

If an S3 upload is successful, what HTTP code will you receive?

A

200

75
Q

What is S3 data consistency model for new PUTS?

A

read after write (immediate after 1 ms)

76
Q

What is the S3 data consistency model for overwrite PUTS and DELETEs?

A

eventual consistency

77
Q

What are the 5 (+2 children) components of S3 Key Value objects?

A
  1. Key
  2. Value
  3. Version ID
  4. Metadata
  5. Subresources
    a. Access Control Lists (ACLs)
    b. torrent
78
Q

What percentage availability is S3 Standard designed for?

A

99.99%

79
Q

Amazon guarantees 99.99% S3 availability.

A

False. AWS guarantees 99.9%

80
Q

What is the x9 SLA guarantee for S3 information durability?

A

11 x 9s (99.999999999%)

81
Q

What 2 ways can you use to secure your S3 data?

A
  1. Access Control Lists (ACLs)

2. Bucket Policies

82
Q

What are the properties of S3 standard storage class?

A

11 x 9s SLA. Stored Redundantly across multiple facilities. Can concurrently lose up to 2 facilities (AZs).

(durable, immediately available, frequently accessed)

83
Q

What are the S3 storage classes?

A
  1. S3 standard
  2. S3 - IA (infrequent access)
  3. S3 One Zone IA
  4. Glacier
84
Q

What are the properties of the S3 IA storage class?

A

For Infrequently Accessed data that requires instant access. Lower fee than S3 standard, but will require a retrieval fee.

(durable, immediately available, infrequently accessed)

85
Q

What are the properties of the S3 One Zone IA storage class?

A

Like S3 IA (Infrequently Accessed) data that doesn’t require multiple AZ data resilience. Is stored in a single Availability Zone (AZ). Lower fee than IA.

(cheaper than IA but one availability zone)

86
Q

What the properties of the S3 Glacier storage class?

A

Glacier is the lowest cost storage tier, used for archival only. Standard, Expedited or Bulk.

(archived data, 3-5 hour wait before accessing)

Standard retrieval requires 3-5 hours
Expedited: within a few minutes (highest fee)
Bulk: 5-12 hours

87
Q

What percentage availability is S3 Standard IA designed for?

A

99.9%

88
Q

What percentage availability is S3 One Zone IA designed for?

A

99.5%

89
Q

What percentage availability is S3 Glacier designed for?

A

N/A

90
Q

Which S3 storage classes charge a retrieval fee?

A

All but S3 Standard:

  • S3 Standard - IA
  • S3 One Zone - IA
  • S3 Glacier
91
Q

How many S3 charges are there and what are they?

A

5 S3 Charges:

  1. Storage
  2. Requests
  3. Storage Mgmt Pricing
  4. Data Transfer Pricing
  5. Transfer Acceleration
92
Q

What is S3 Transfer Acceleration?

A

S3 Transfer Acceleration leverages Amazon’s CloudFront globally distributed edge locations to easily, quickly and securely transfer data over long distances between end users and an S3 bucket.

93
Q

S3 comprises block-based storage

A

False. S3 is object based, i.e., allows you to upload files up to 5 TB

94
Q

Read the S3 FAQ before taking the exam

A

https://aws.amazon.com/s3/faqs/

95
Q

True or False: By default, S3 buckets and all objects uploaded to are private

A

True. Objects have to be made public. From inside the S3 bucket, select the file and choose Actions > Make Public.

Ensure you’ve previously unchecked all boxes under “Edit public access settings” at the bucket level.

96
Q

What are the three S3 Server Side Encryption (SSE) types?

A
  1. SSE-S3 with Amazon S3 Managed Keys
  2. SSE-KMS with Amazon Key Management Service (KMS)
  3. SSE-C using Customer Provided Keys
97
Q

What keyword must be typed to complete updating S3 Public Access Settings?

A

confirm

98
Q

How do you restore a deleted S3 object?

A

Delete the Delete Marker

99
Q

True or False: Once enabled, S3 versioning cannot be suspended, only disabled.

A

False. Once enabled S3 versioning cannot be disabled, only suspended.

100
Q

S3 Versioning’s MFA Delete capability can be used to provide an additional layer of security

A

True.

101
Q

What is the aws CLI command to copy S3 files

A

aws s3 cp –recursive s3://[source] s3://[destination]

102
Q

True or False: S3 replication replicates delete markers on files deleted from a source bucket.

A

False. S3 object deletes are not replicated.

103
Q

True or False: All existing files in the source S3 Bucket are automatically replicated upon activation of replication on a destination S3 Bucket.

A

False

104
Q

True or False: Daisy chaining can be used to replicate an S3 Bucket across multiple buckets

A

False. You cannot replicate across multiple buckets or use daisy chaining (at this time; maybe subject to change)

105
Q

True or False: S3 Lifecycle Management only pertains to current S3 object versions

A

False. S3 Lifecycle Management can be enabled for both current and previous versions

106
Q

What is a CloudFront Edge Location?

A

A location where content will be cached. Separate from a Region or AZ. Both Read/Write.

(Currently over 50 Edge Locations)

107
Q

What is the term for a CloudFront CDN collection of Edge Locations?

A

A Distribution

108
Q

What are the two type of CloudFront Distributions, and why is each used?

A
  1. Web Distribution - used for web sites

2. Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) - used for media streaming

109
Q

What are the 3 CloudFront components?

A
  1. Edge Locations
  2. Origin
  3. Distribution
110
Q

How long are CloudFront objects cached?

A

For the life of the specified Time-to-Live (TTL)

111
Q

True of False: You can clear cached CloudFront objects, but you will be charged

A

True

112
Q

What are the AWS S3 options for Encryption?

A

In transit: SSL/Transport Layer Security (TLS)

At Rest:

  • Server Side Encryption:
    • SSE-S3: S3 Managed Keys (most common)
      • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit
    • SSE-KMS: AWS Key Mgmt Service, Managed Keys
    • SSE-C: Customer-provided Keys
  • Client Side Encryption
113
Q

What is AWS Storage Gateway?

A

A service that connects an on-premise software appliance with cloud-based storage seamlessly

114
Q

What are the types of Storage Gateways?

A

4 Types:
1. File Gateway ((new!) NFS flat files. No on-prem)

Volumes Gateway (iSCSI block based)

2) Stored Volumes (entire dataset on-prem)
3) Cached Volumes (only recently accessed on-prem)
  1. Tape Gateway (VTL uses popular backup apps like NetBackup, Backup Exec, Veeam, etc.)
115
Q

What is an AWS snowball?

A

a secure petabyte-scale data transport appliance to transfer data into/out of AWS

116
Q

compare and contrast the types of snowballs

A
  1. Snowball: 80 TB capacity
  2. Snowball Edge: 100 TB capacity + compute capability + Lambda. (A mini AWS Data center in a box)
  3. Snowmobile (18-wheeler container) 100 Petabyte or Exabyte level data transfer/storage to AWS. Secure, fast, cost effective. Can transfer an entire DC in 6 months.
117
Q

What is A Cloud Guru’s recommended website to calculate IP address ranges?

A

CIDR.xyz

AWS (2 decks)

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