AWS SCS-CO2 Flashcards
A company has an AWS Lambda function that creates image thumbnails from larger images. The Lambda function needs read and write access to an Amazon S3 bucket in the same AWS account.
Which solutions will provide the Lambda function this access? (Choose two.)
A. Create an IAM user that has only programmatic access. Create a new access key pair. Add environmental variables to the Lambda function with the access key ID and secret access key. Modify the Lambda function to use the environmental variables at run time during communication with Amazon S3.
B. Generate an Amazon EC2 key pair. Store the private key in AWS Secrets Manager. Modify the Lambda function to retrieve the private key from Secrets Manager and to use the private key during communication with Amazon S3.
C. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach an IAM policy that allows access to the S3 bucket.
D. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach a bucket policy to the S3 bucket to allow access. Specify the function’s IAM role as the principal.
E. Create a security group. Attach the security group to the Lambda function. Attach a bucket policy that allows access to the S3 bucket through the security group ID.
C. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach an IAM policy that allows access to the S3 bucket.
D. Create an IAM role for the Lambda function. Attach a bucket policy to the S3 bucket to allow access. Specify the function’s IAM role as the principal.
A security engineer is configuring a new website that is named example.com. The security engineer wants to secure communications with the website by requiring users to connect to example.com through HTTPS.
Which of the following is a valid option for storing SSL/TLS certificates?
A. Custom SSL certificate that is stored in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)
B. Default SSL certificate that is stored in Amazon CloudFront
C. Custom SSL certificate that is stored in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)
D. Default SSL certificate that is stored in Amazon S3
C. Custom SSL certificate that is stored in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)
A security engineer needs to develop a process to investigate and respond to potential security events on a company’s Amazon EC2 instances. All the EC2 instances are backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS). The company uses AWS Systems Manager to manage all the EC2 instances and has installed Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) on all the EC2 instances.
The process that the security engineer is developing must comply with AWS security best practices and must meet the following requirements:
A compromised EC2 instance’s volatile memory and non-volatile memory must be preserved for forensic purposes.
A compromised EC2 instance’s metadata must be updated with corresponding incident ticket information.
A compromised EC2 instance must remain online during the investigation but must be isolated to prevent the spread of malware.
Any investigative activity during the collection of volatile data must be captured as part of the process.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose three.)
A. Gather any relevant metadata for the compromised EC2 instance. Enable termination protection. Isolate the instance by updating the instance’s security groups to restrict access. Detach the instance from any Auto Scaling groups that the instance is a member of. Deregister the instance from any Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) resources.
B. Gather any relevant metadata for the compromised EC2 instance. Enable termination protection. Move the instance to an isolation subnet that denies all source and destination traffic. Associate the instance with the subnet to restrict access. Detach the instance from any Auto Scaling groups that the instance is a member of. Deregister the instance from any Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) resources.
C. Use Systems Manager Run Command to invoke scripts that collect volatile data.
D. Establish a Linux SSH or Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) session to the compromised EC2 instance to invoke scripts that collect volatile data.
E. Create a snapshot of the compromised EC2 instance’s EBS volume for follow-up investigations. Tag the instance with any relevant metadata and incident ticket information.
F. Create a Systems Manager State Manager association to generate an EBS volume snapshot of the compromised EC2 instance. Tag the instance with any relevant metadata and incident ticket information.
A. Gather any relevant metadata for the compromised EC2 instance. Enable termination protection. Isolate the instance by updating the instance’s security groups to restrict access. Detach the instance from any Auto Scaling groups that the instance is a member of. Deregister the instance from any Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) resources.
C. Use Systems Manager Run Command to invoke scripts that collect volatile data.
E. Create a snapshot of the compromised EC2 instance’s EBS volume for follow-up investigations. Tag the instance with any relevant metadata and incident ticket information.
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The company wants to use AWS CloudFormation StackSets in the organization to deploy various AWS design patterns into environments. These patterns consist of Amazon EC2 instances, Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancers, Amazon RDS databases, and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters or Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters.
Currently, the company’s developers can create their own CloudFormation stacks to increase the overall speed of delivery. A centralized CI/CD pipeline in a shared services AWS account deploys each CloudFormation stack.
The company’s security team has already provided requirements for each service in accordance with internal standards. If there are any resources that do not comply with the internal standards, the security team must receive notification to take appropriate action. The security team must implement a notification solution that gives developers the ability to maintain the same overall delivery speed that they currently have.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
A. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team’s email addresses to the SNS topic. Create a custom AWS Lambda function that will run the aws cloudformation validate-template AWS CLI command on all CloudFormation templates before the build stage in the CI/CD pipeline. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found.
B. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team’s email addresses to the SNS topic. Create custom rules in CloudFormation Guard for each resource configuration. In the CI/CD pipeline, before the build stage, configure a Docker image to run the cfn-guard command on the CloudFormation template. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found.
C. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Subscribe the security team’s email addresses to the SNS topic. Create an Amazon S3 bucket in the shared services AWS account. Include an event notification to publish to the SQS queue when new objects are added to the S3 bucket. Require the developers to put their CloudFormation templates in the S3 bucket. Launch EC2 instances that automatically scale based on the SQS queue depth. Configure the EC2 instances to use CloudFormation Guard to scan the templates and deploy the templates if there are no issues. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found.
D. Create a centralized CloudFormation stack set that includes a standard set of resources that the developers can deploy in each AWS account. Configure each CloudFormation template to meet the security requirements. For any new resources or configurations, update the CloudFormation template and send the template to the security team for review. When the review is completed, add the new CloudFormation stack to the repository for the developers to use.
B. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team’s email addresses to the SNS topic. Create custom rules in CloudFormation Guard for each resource configuration. In the CI/CD pipeline, before the build stage, configure a Docker image to run the cfn-guard command on the CloudFormation template. Configure the CI/CD pipeline to publish a notification to the SNS topic if any issues are found.
A company is migrating one of its legacy systems from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application server will run on AWS, but the database must remain in the on-premises data center for compliance reasons. The database is sensitive to network latency. Additionally, the data that travels between the on-premises data center and AWS must have IPsec encryption.
Which combination of AWS solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. AWS Site-to-Site VPN
B. AWS Direct Connect
C. AWS VPN CloudHub
D. VPC peering
E. NAT gateway
A. AWS Site-to-Site VPN
B. AWS Direct Connect
DirectConnect for reliable connection and VPN for IPSec tunnel.
A company has an application that uses dozens of Amazon DynamoDB tables to store data. Auditors find that the tables do not comply with the company’s data protection policy.
The company’s retention policy states that all data must be backed up twice each month: once at midnight on the 15th day of the month and again at midnight on the 25th day of the month. The company must retain the backups for 3 months.
Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Use the DynamoDB on-demand backup capability to create a backup plan. Configure a lifecycle policy to expire backups after 3 months.
B. Use AWS DataSync to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retention period of 3 months.
C. Use AWS Backup to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retention period of 3 months.
D. Set the backup frequency by using a cron schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDB table to the backup plan.
E. Set the backup frequency by using a rate schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDB table to the backup plan.
Asking for SCHEDULED backups
C. Use AWS Backup to create a backup plan. Add a backup rule that includes a retention period of 3 months.
D. Set the backup frequency by using a cron schedule expression. Assign each DynamoDB table to the backup plan.
A. the DynamoDB on-demand backup capability creates full backup while the backup plan of 3 months is by AWS Backup.
B. AWS DataSync is for data discovery and migration, not backup DynamoDB.
E. Rate schedule expression is not suitable for fixed date scheduling.
A company needs a security engineer to implement a scalable solution for multi-account authentication and authorization. The solution should not introduce additional user-managed architectural components. Native AWS features should be used as much as possible. The security engineer has set up AWS Organizations with all features activated and AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) enabled.
Which additional steps should the security engineer take to complete the task?
A. Use AD Connector to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Assign AD Connector groups to AWS accounts and link to the IAM roles in accordance with the employees’ job functions and access requirements. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the AWS Directory Service user portal.
B. Use an IAM Identity Center default directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Assign groups to AWS accounts and link to permission sets in accordance with the employees’ job functions and access requirements. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the IAM Identity Center user portal.
C. Use an IAM Identity Center default directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Link IAM Identity Center groups to the IAM users present in all accounts to inherit existing permissions. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the IAM Identity Center user portal.
D. Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Enable AWS Management Console access in the created directory and specify IAM Identity Center as a source of information for integrated accounts and permission sets. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the AWS Directory Service user portal.
Keywords: “Native AWS features should be used as much as possible”
Therefore choose to use Identity Center’s own directory, plus there is no mention to on-prem AD and hence AD connector does not make sense.
For the same reason, using AWS Directory Service - Managed MS AD does not fit with native AWS feature.
Option B is the right answer.
B. Use an IAM Identity Center default directory to create users and groups for all employees that require access to AWS accounts. Assign groups to AWS accounts and link to permission sets in accordance with the employees’ job functions and access requirements. Instruct employees to access AWS accounts by using the IAM Identity Center user portal.
A. AD Connector only provides connectivity, not managing users.
C. IAM users should not need to be created in all accounts - results in admin overhead. assume role instead.
D. Letting end users DIY access in AWS Management Console, AWS Directory Service user portal is not a good idea.
A company has deployed Amazon GuardDuty and now wants to implement automation for potential threats. The company has decided to start with RDP brute force attacks that come from Amazon EC2 instances in the company’s AWS environment. A security engineer needs to implement a solution that blocks the detected communication from a suspicious instance until investigation and potential remediation can occur.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure GuardDuty to send the event to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Process the event with an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink application that sends a notification to the company through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). Add rules to the network ACL to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance.
B. Configure GuardDuty to send the event to Amazon EventBridge. Deploy an AWS WAF web ACL. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that sends a notification to the company through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) and adds a web ACL rule to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance.
C. Enable AWS Security Hub to ingest GuardDuty findings and send the event to Amazon EventBridge. Deploy AWS Network Firewall. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that adds a rule to a Network Firewall firewall policy to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance.
D. Enable AWS Security Hub to ingest GuardDuty findings. Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream as an event destination for Security Hub. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that replaces the security group of the suspicious instance with a security group that does not allow any connections.
C. Enable AWS Security Hub to ingest GuardDuty findings and send the event to Amazon EventBridge. Deploy AWS Network Firewall. Process the event with an AWS Lambda function that adds a rule to a Network Firewall firewall policy to block traffic to and from the suspicious instance
- No point to use Kinesis Data Stream/analytics/Apache flink to stream and process event.
- Neither WAF nor NACL is an effective solution to the mentioned case
- GuardDuty findings can be sent directly to Amazon EventBridge to trigger action, but deploying SecurityHub is not entirely wrong.
- AWS Network Firewall is better suited to block suspicious instances.
Option C is the correct answer.
A company has an AWS account that hosts a production application. The company receives an email notification that Amazon GuardDuty has detected an Impact:IAMUser/AnomalousBehavior finding in the account. A security engineer needs to run the investigation playbook for this security incident and must collect and analyze the information without affecting the application.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST quickly?
A. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding for details about the IAM credentials that were used. Use the IAM console to add a DenyAll policy to the IAM principal.
B. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding to determine which API calls initiated the finding. Use Amazon Detective to review the API calls in context.
C. Log in to the AWS account by using administrator credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding for details about the IAM credentials that were used. Use the IAM console to add a DenyAll policy to the IAM principal.
D. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding to determine which API calls initiated the finding. Use AWS CloudTrail Insights and AWS CloudTrail Lake to review the API calls in context.
B. Log in to the AWS account by using read-only credentials. Review the GuardDuty finding to determine which API calls initiated the finding. Use Amazon Detective to review the API calls in context.
A. Read-only login should not allow user to add DenyAllPolicy.
C. Add DenyAllPolicy to the principal is very intrusive intervention.
D. Use AWS CloudTrail Insights and AWS CloudTrail Lake are not integrated with GuardDuty (as opposed to AWS Detective) hence it might lack correlationship
Company A has an AWS account that is named Account A. Company A recently acquired Company B, which has an AWS account that is named Account B. Company B stores its files in an Amazon S3 bucket. The administrators need to give a user from Account A full access to the S3 bucket in Account B.
After the administrators adjust the IAM permissions for the user in Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B, the user still cannot access any files in the S3 bucket.
Which solution will resolve this issue?
A. In Account B, create a bucket ACL to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B.
B. In Account B, create an object ACL to allow the user from Account A to access all the objects in the S3 bucket in Account B.
C. In Account B, create a bucket policy to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B.
D. In Account B, create a user policy to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B.
C. In Account B, create a bucket policy to allow the user from Account A to access the S3 bucket in Account B.
Selected Answer: C
S3 bucket policy should be edited to allow cross-account access.
A company wants to receive an email notification about critical findings in AWS Security Hub. The company does not have an existing architecture that supports this functionality.
Which solution will meet the requirement?
A. Create an AWS Lambda function to identify critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target of the Lambda function. Subscribe an email endpoint to the SNS topic to receive published messages.
B. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Integrate the delivery stream with Amazon EventBridge. Create an EventBridge rule that has a filter to detect critical Security Hub findings. Configure the delivery stream to send the findings to an email address.
C. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target of the EventBridge rule. Subscribe an email endpoint to the SNS topic to receive published messages.
D. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) topic as the target of the EventBridge rule. Use the Amazon SES API to format the message. Choose an email address to be the recipient of the message.
C. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect critical Security Hub findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic as the target of the EventBridge rule. Subscribe an email endpoint to the SNS topic to receive published messages.
It´s not well architected. “C is better”
The Way SecurityHub»_space;EventBridge»_space;SNS is better, option D suggests using Amazon SES directly, which is not the most straightforward or typical approach for this use case. EventBridge and SNS together offer a more integrated and native solution for sending notifications from AWS Security Hub.
An international company has established a new business entity in South Korea. The company also has established a new AWS account to contain the workload for the South Korean region. The company has set up the workload in the new account in the ap-northeast-2 Region. The workload consists of three Auto Scaling groups of Amazon EC2 instances. All workloads that operate in this Region must keep system logs and application logs for 7 years.
A security engineer must implement a solution to ensure that no logging data is lost for each instance during scaling activities. The solution also must keep the logs for only the required period of 7 years.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Ensure that the Amazon CloudWatch agent is installed on all the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling groups launch. Generate a CloudWatch agent configuration file to forward the required logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Set the log retention for desired log groups to 7 years.
C. Attach an IAM role to the launch configuration or launch template that the Auto Scaling groups use. Configure the role to provide the necessary permissions to forward logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
D. Attach an IAM role to the launch configuration or launch template that the Auto Scaling groups use. Configure the role to provide the necessary permissions to forward logs to Amazon S3.
E. Ensure that a log forwarding application is installed on all the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling groups launch. Configure the log forwarding application to periodically bundle the logs and forward the logs to Amazon S3.
F. Configure an Amazon S3 Lifecycle policy on the target S3 bucket to expire objects after 7 years.
A. Ensure that the Amazon CloudWatch agent is installed on all the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling groups launch. Generate a CloudWatch agent configuration file to forward the required logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Set the log retention for desired log groups to 7 years.
C. Attach an IAM role to the launch configuration or launch template that the Auto Scaling groups use. Configure the role to provide the necessary permissions to forward logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
A company uses AWS Organizations and has production workloads across multiple AWS accounts. A security engineer needs to design a solution that will proactively monitor for suspicious behavior across all the accounts that contain production workloads.
The solution must automate remediation of incidents across the production accounts. The solution also must publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when a critical security finding is detected. In addition, the solution must send all security incident logs to a dedicated account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Activate Amazon GuardDuty in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all GuardDuty logs from each production account. Remediate incidents by configuring GuardDuty to directly invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.
B. Activate AWS Security Hub in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all Security Hub findings from each production account. Remediate incidents by using AWS Config and AWS Systems Manager. Configure Systems Manager to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.
C. Activate Amazon GuardDuty in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all GuardDuty logs from each production account. Remediate incidents by using Amazon EventBridge to invoke a custom AWS Lambda function from the GuardDuty findings. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.
D. Activate AWS Security Hub in each production account. In a dedicated logging account, aggregate all Security Hub findings from each production account. Remediate incidents by using Amazon EventBridge to invoke a custom AWS Lambda function from the Security Hub findings. Configure the Lambda function to also publish notifications to the SNS topic.
Best answer is C
One would not need SecurityHub to launch a response to GuardDuty finding.
SecurityHub is security posture management tool, but without it GuardDuty can still responds to findings.
A company is designing a multi-account structure for its development teams. The company is using AWS Organizations and AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). The company must implement a solution so that the development teams can use only specific AWS Regions and so that each AWS account allows access to only specific AWS services.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use IAM Identity Center to set up service-linked roles with IAM policy statements that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed.
B. Deactivate AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) in Regions that the developers are not allowed to use.
C. Create SCPs that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed.
D. For each AWS account, create tailored identity-based policies for IAM Identity Center. Use statements that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed.
C. Create SCPs that include the Condition, Resource, and NotAction elements to allow access to only the Regions and services that are needed.
C. If AWS organizations is enabled, why not take advantage of region deny feature? SCP is the actual mechanism to enforce this rule!
A company is developing an ecommerce application. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS MySQL database. For compliance reasons, data must be secured in transit and at rest. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead and minimizes cost.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Use TLS certificates from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) with an Application Load Balancer. Deploy self-signed certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Enable encryption of the RDS DB instance. Enable encryption on the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that support the EC2 instances.
B. Use TLS certificates from a third-party vendor with an Application Load Balancer. Install the same certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Secrets Manager for client-side encryption of application data.
C. Use AWS CloudHSM to generate TLS certificates for the EC2 instances. Install the TLS certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use the encryption keys from CloudHSM for client-side encryption of application data.
D. Use Amazon CloudFront with AWS WAF. Send HTTP connections to the origin EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for client-side encryption of application data before the data is stored in the RDS database.
A. Use TLS certificates from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) with an Application Load Balancer. Deploy self-signed certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Enable encryption of the RDS DB instance. Enable encryption on the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that support the EC2 instances.
Only A address data encryption at rest at RDS and EBS and is the most cost-effective and efficient method.
TLS certificates from a third-party vendor or generated by CloudHSM is unnecessarily increase cost and ops overhead.
CloudFront with WAF is irrelevant to the requirement.
