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AWS > AWS Fundamentals: RDS + Aurora + ElastiCache > Flashcards

AWS Fundamentals: RDS + Aurora + ElastiCache Flashcards

1
Q

What is RDS?

A

Relational Database Service is a managed DB service for DB use SQL as a query language.

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2
Q

What does RDS do?

A

It allows creating databases in the cloud that are managed by AWS

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3
Q

Two ways of deploying a database:

A

RDS & using an EC2

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4
Q

Features:
- Automated provisioning, OS patching
- Continuous backups and restore to specific timestamp (Point in Time Restore)!
- Monitoring dashboards
- Read replicas for improved read performance
- Multi AZ setup for DR (Disaster Recovery)
- Maintenance windows for upgrades
- Scaling capability (vertical and horizontal)
- Storage backed by EBS (gp2 or io1)

A

RDS

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5
Q

RDS is a ……., but you can’t ….. into your instances.

A

managed service, SHH

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6
Q

What helps you increase storage on your DB instance
dynamically?

A

RDS - storage auto scaling

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7
Q

If using “storage auto scaling” you need to set:

A

Maximum Storage Threshold (maximum limit for DB storage)

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8
Q

RDS Automatically modify storage if:

A
  • Free storage is less than 10% of allocated storage
  • Low-storage lasts at least 5 minutes
  • 6 hours have passed since last modification
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9
Q

RDS storage auto scaling is useful for:

A

Applications with unpredictable workloads

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10
Q

What is a read replica?

A

Helps scale reads.

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11
Q

Up to …. read replicas.

A

15

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12
Q

Within……, ……… or ………. is ASYNC, so reads are eventually…………..

A

AZ, Cross AZ, Replication, consistent

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13
Q

Replicas can be promoted to their own DB?

A

True

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14
Q

How can applications leverage read replicas?

A

They must update the connection string.

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15
Q

What are statements are read replicas used for?

A

SELECT

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16
Q

What are statements are read replicas NOT used for?

A

INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

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17
Q

In AWS there’s a …… when data goes from one AZ to another

A

network cost

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18
Q

RDS Read Replicas within the same region, don’t pay network cost fee?

A

True

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19
Q

What is RDS Multi AZ mainly used for?

A

Disaster Recovery

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20
Q

How does RDS Multi AZ work?

A

With sync replication it writes to a RDS instance on standby in a different AZ

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21
Q

RDS communicates over one DNS name?

A

True

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22
Q

Features:
- increase availability
- Failover in case of loss of AZ, loss of network, instance or storage failure
- No manual intervention in apps
- Not used for scaling

A

RDS Multi AZ

23
Q

The Read Replicas can be setup as Multi AZ for Disaster Recovery?

A

True

24
Q

How do you change from Single-AZ to Multi-AZ?

A

Click on “modify” for the database and enable multi-az.

25
Q

Is there downtown when changing from single to multi AZ?

A

No downtime.

26
Q

What are the steps taken to change from single to multi AZ?

A
  • A snapshot is taken
  • A new DB is restored from the
    snapshot in a new AZ
  • Synchronization is established
    between the two databases
27
Q

What is Auroa?

A

Aurora is a proprietary technology from AWS

28
Q

………….. and ………. are both supported as Aurora DB

A

Postgres, MySQL

29
Q

At-rest encryption:
How are Database master & replicas encrypted?

A

AWS KMS – must be defined as launch time

30
Q

At-rest encryption:
If the master is not encrypted…..

A

the read replicas cannot be encrypted

31
Q

At-rest encryption:
How do you encrypt an un-encrypted database?

A

go through a DB snapshot & restore as encrypted

32
Q

What is at-rest encryption?

A

This when data is encrypted on the volumes.

33
Q

What is in-flight encryption?

A

When data is encrypted between client and database.

34
Q

How do is In-flight encryption enabled?

A

Clients must use the TLS root certificates from AWS. AWSTLS root certificates

35
Q

How can you connect to your database?

A

IAM Authentication: IAM roles to connect to your database (instead of username/pw)

Security Groups: Control Network access to your RDS / Aurora DB

36
Q

No ….. available except on RDS Custom

A

SSH

37
Q

What is Amazon RDS Proxy?

A

Fully managed database proxy for RDS

38
Q

What does Amazon RDS Proxy do?

A

Allows apps to pool and share DB connections established with the database

39
Q

What does Amazon RDS Proxy accomplish?

A

Improves database efficiency by reducing the stress on database resources (e.g., CPU, RAM) and minimize open connections (and timeouts)

40
Q

What is RDS service is: Serverless, autoscaling, highly available (multi-AZ)

A

Amazon RDS Proxy

41
Q

What does RDS Proxy enforce?

A

IAM authentication for your database. Makes sure that people can only connect to your RDS database instance using IAM.

42
Q

How can you access RDS Proxy?

A

Never publicly accessible - must be accessed from VPC

43
Q

What is ElastiCache for?

A

It is to get managed Redis or Memcached

44
Q

What are caches?

A

Caches are in-memory databases with really high performance, low latency

45
Q

What is the purpose of a cache?

A

Helps reduce load off of databases for read intensive workloads

46
Q

What does a cache make your appication?

A

Helps make your application stateless

47
Q

Two kinds of “solutions architecture” for caching?

A

DB Cache & User Session Store

48
Q

How does DB Cache work?

A

Applications queries ElastiCache, if not available, get from RDS and store in ElastiCache.

49
Q

What kind of strategy should be implemented along with a DB cache system?

A

Cache must have an invalidation strategy to make sure only the most current data is used in there.

50
Q

How does User Session Store work?

A
  • User logs into any of the application
  • The application writes the session data into ElastiCache
  • The user hits another instance of our application(Amazon Elastic cache…i think)
  • The instance retrieves the data and the user is already logged in
51
Q

Features:
- Multi-AZ with auto failover
- Read Replicas to scale reads and have high availability
- Data durability using AOF persistence
- Supports Sets and Sorted Sets

A

REDIS

52
Q

Features:
- Multi-node for partitioning of data (sharding)
- No high availability (replication)
- Non persistent
- No backup and restore
- Multi-threaded architecture

A

MEMCAHCED

53
Q
A

AWS (15 decks)

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