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Software Engineering > AWS Cloud Practitioner > Flashcards

AWS Cloud Practitioner Flashcards

1
Q

You have a mission-critical application which must be globally available at all times. If this is the case, which of the below deployment mechanisms would you employ

A

Deployment to Multiple Regions

Regions represent different geographic locations and is bets to host your application across multiple regions for disaster recovery

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2
Q

Which AWS Services can be used to protect against DDoS attacks?

A

AWS Shield
AWS Shield Advanced

AWS Shield - All AWS customers benefit from the automatic protections of AWS Shield Standard, at no additional charge. AWS Shield Standard defends against most common, frequently occurring network and transport layer DDoS attacks that target your web site or applications

AWS Shield Advanced - For higher levels of protection against attacks targeting your web applications running on Amazon EC2, Elastic Load Balancing (ELB), CloudFront, and Route-53 resources, you can subscribe to AWS Shield Advanced. AWS Shield Advanced provides expanded DDoS attack protection for these resources.

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3
Q

Which are right principles when designing cloud based systems.?

A

Build loosely-coupled components
Assume everything will fail

Always build components which are loosely coupled. This is so that even if one component does fail, the entire system does not fail.

Also if you build with the assumption that everything will fail, then you will ensure that the right measures are taken to build a highly available and fault tolerant system.

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4
Q

A company does not want to manage their database. Which is a fully managed NoSQL database provided by AWS.

A

DynamoDB

DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database offering provided by AWS. It is now available in most regions for users to consume.

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5
Q

Which AWS service allows for distribution of incoming application traffic across multiple EC2 instances?

A

AWS ELB

Elastic Load Balancing distributes incoming application traffic across multiple EC2 instances, in multiple Availability Zones. This increases the fault tolerance of your applications.

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6
Q

Which concept is used when you want to manage the bills for multiple accounts under one master account

A

Consolidating billing

You can use the consolidated billing feature in AWS Organizations to consolidate payment for multiple AWS accounts or multiple AISPL accounts. With consolidated billing, you can see a combined view of AWS charges incurred by all of your accounts. You also can get a cost report for each member account that is associated with your master account. Consolidated billing is offered at no additional charge

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7
Q

Which of the following is the amount of storage that can be stored in the Simple Storage service?

A

Virtually unlimited storage

Amazon S3 provides a simple web service interface that you can use to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web. The total volume of data and the number of objects you can store are unlimited. Individual Amazon S3 objects can range in size from a minimum of 0 bytes to a maximum of 5 terabytes.

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8
Q

What service from AWS can help manage the costs for all resources in AWS?

A

Cost Explorer

Cost Explorer is a free tool that you can use to view your costs. You can view your costs as either a cash-based view (costs are recorded when cash is received or paid) with unblended costs or as an accrual-based view (costs are recorded when income is earned or costs are incurred). You can view data for up to the last 13 months, forecast how much you are likely to spend for the next three months, and get recommendations for what Reserved Instances to purchase

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9
Q

What is the service provided by AWS that lets you host Domain Name systems?

A

Route 53

Amazon Route 53 provides highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS), domain name registration, and health-checking web services. It is designed to give developers and businesses an extremely reliable and cost effective way to route end users to Internet applications by translating names like-example.com-into the numeric IP addresses, such as-192.0.2.1, that computers use to connect to each other.-

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10
Q

What service helps you to aggregate logs from your EC2 instance?

A

Cloudwatch Logs

You can use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to monitor, store, and access your log files from Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, AWS CloudTrail, and other sources. You can then retrieve the associated log data from CloudWatch Logs

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11
Q

Which is a serverless compute offering from AWS?

A

AWS Lambda

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12
Q

What does Amazon EC2 provide?

A

Virtual servers in the Cloud.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides re-sizeable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale-cloud computing-easier for developers.

Amazon EC2’s simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure capacity with minimal friction. It provides you with complete control of your computing resources and lets you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment. Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing requirements change.

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13
Q

Which storage mechanisms can be used to store messages effectively which can be used across distributed systems.

A

Amazon SQS

Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) offers a reliable, highly-scalable hosted queue for storing messages as they travel between applications or microservices. It moves data between distributed application components and helps you decouple these components

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14
Q

When working on the costing for on-demand EC2 instances , which are attributes which determine the costing of the EC2 Instance.

A

AMI Type
Instance Type
Region

If you see the below snapshot from the EC2 on-demand pricing page, you can see the different components that make up the pricing

https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/

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15
Q

Which services helps provide a connection from on-premises infrastructure to resources hosted in the AWS Cloud.

A

AWS VPN

AWS Direct Connect

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16
Q

In order to predict the cost of moving resources from on-premise to the cloud , what can be used?

A

AWS TCO

The AWS TCO calculator makes it easy to estimate your savings when comparing the cloud to an on-premises or colocation environment. Use the TCO calculator to get detailed reports and insights into the cost components that make AWS a viable alternative to lower your costs.

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17
Q

There is a requirement hosting a set of servers in the Cloud for a short period of 3 months. Which of the following types of instances should be chosen to be the most cost effective.

A

On-Demand

Since the requirement is just for 3 months, then the most cost effective option is to use On-Demand Instances.

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18
Q

What is a document that provides a formal statement of one or more permissions?

A

Policy

A policy is a JSON document that specifies what a user can do on AWS. This document consists of

Actions: what actions you will allow. Each AWS service has its own set of actions. Resources: which resources you allow the action on. Effect: what the effect will be when the user requests access—either allow or deny.

A policy is an entity in AWS that, when attached to an identity or resource, defines their permissions. AWS evaluates these policies when a principal, such as a user, makes a request. Permissions in the policies determine whether the request is allowed or denied

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19
Q

You are planning to serve a web application on the AWS Platform by using EC2 Instances. Which of the below principles would you adopt to ensure that even if some of the EC2 Instances crashes , you still have a working application

A

Using a fault-tolerant system

A fault-tolerant system is one that ensures that the entire system works as expected even there are issues.

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20
Q

Which of the following security features is associated with a Subnet in a VPC to protect against Incoming traffic requests.

A

NACL

A-network access control list (ACL)-is an optional layer of security for your VPC that acts as a firewall for controlling traffic in and out of one or more subnets. You might set up network ACLs with rules similar to your security groups in order to add an additional layer of security to your VPC.

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21
Q

AWS provides a storage option known as Amazon Glacier. What is this AWS service designed for?

A

Infrequently accessed data
Data archives

Amazon Glacier is an extremely low-cost storage service that provides secure, durable, and flexible storage for data backup and archival. So Amazon glacier is used for Infrequently accessed data and Data archives.

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22
Q

What is the concept of an AWS region?

A

It is a geographical area divided into Availability Zones

A region is a geographical area divided into Availability Zones. Each region contains at least two Availability Zones.

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23
Q

Which one of the following features is normally present in all of AWS Support plans

A

24*7 access to Customer Service

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24
Q

Which of the following is AWS services allows you to build a data warehouse on the cloud?

A

AWS Redshift

Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud. You can start with just a few hundred gigabytes of data and scale to a petabyte or more. This enables you to use your data to acquire new insights for your business and customers.

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25
Q

Which of the following IAM identities allow an application deployed on an EC2 instance to write data to S3 in a secure manner

A

AWS IAM Roles

An IAM role is similar to a user, in that it is an AWS identity with permission policies that determine what the identity can and cannot do in AWS. However, instead of being uniquely associated with one person, a role is intended to be assumable by anyone who needs it including assigning it to an EC2 instance.

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26
Q

When using On-Demand instances in AWS, which of the following is a false statement when it comes to the costing for the Instance.

  • You pay for much you use.
  • You have to pay the termination fees if you terminate the instance
  • You are charged per second based on the hourly rate
  • You pay no upfront costs for the instance
A

You have to pay the termination fees if you terminate the instance

You don’t need to pay any termination fees when it comes to Ec2 Instances

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27
Q

Which of the following AWS services can assist you with cost optimization?

A

AWS Trusted Advisor

An online resource to help you reduce cost, increase performance, and improve security by optimizing your AWS environment, Trusted Advisor provides real time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices

28
Q

Which of the following is AWS managed database service provides processing power that is up to 5X faster than a traditional MySQL database.

A

Aurora

Amazon Aurora (Aurora) is a fully managed, MySQL- and PostgreSQL-compatible, relational database engine. It combines the speed and reliability of high-end commercial databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-source databases. It delivers up to five times the throughput of MySQL and up to three times the throughput of PostgreSQL without requiring changes to most of your existing applications.

29
Q

There is a requirement to move a 10 TB data warehouse to the AWS cloud. Which of the following is an ideal service which can be used to move this amount of data to the AWS Cloud.

A

Amazon Snowball

AWS Snowball is a service that accelerates transferring large amounts of data into and out of AWS using physical storage appliances, bypassing the Internet. Each AWS Snowball appliance type can transport data at faster-than internet speeds. This transport is done by shipping the data in the appliances through a regional carrier. The appliances are rugged shipping containers, complete with E Ink shipping labels.

30
Q

Which of the following are attributes to the costing for using the Simple Storage Service. Choose 2 answers from the options given below

Using encryption in S3
Number of S3 buckets
The storage class used for the objects stored.
The total size in gigabytes of all objects stored.

A 
The storage class used for the objects stored.
The total size in gigabytes of all objects stored.

Amazon S3 offers a range of storage classes designed for different use cases with different pricing: - S3 Standard for general-purpose storage of frequently accessed data; - S3 Intelligent-Tiering for data with unknown or changing access patterns; - S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) - S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA) for long-lived, but less frequently accessed data - S3 Glacier (S3 Glacier) for long-term archive and digital preservation.

The volume of storage billed in a month is based on the average storage used throughout the month (per GB). This includes all object data and metadata stored in buckets that you created under your AWS account. AWS measure your storage usage in “TimedStorage-ByteHrs,” which are added up at the end of the month to generate your monthly charges.

31
Q

You are exploring what services AWS has off-hand. You have a large number of data sets that need to be processed. Which of the following services can help fulfil this requirement.

A

Glacier

Amazon EMR helps you analyze and process vast amounts of data by distributing the computational work across a cluster of virtual servers running in the AWS Cloud. The cluster is managed using an open-source framework called Hadoop. Amazon EMR lets you focus on crunching or analyzing your data without having to worry about time-consuming setup, management, and tuning of Hadoop clusters or the compute capacity they rely on.

32
Q

You are are running a web-application and you want to improve response times for data that is requested frequently. Which AWS service should you use to improve performance to frequently accessed data?

A

Amazon ElastiCache

To improve response times for frequently accessed ready only data you want to implement a caching solution. Amazon ElastiCache provides two different in-memory storage solutions Redis and Memcache.

33
Q

A company is deploying a two-tier, highly available web application to AWS. Which service provides durable storage for static content while utilizing lower Overall CPU resources for the web tier?

A

Amazon S3

Amazon S3 is the default storage service that should be considered for companies. If provides durable storage for all static content.

34
Q

Which of the following services helps in governance, compliance, and risk auditing in AWS.

A

AWS Cloudtrail

AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account. With CloudTrail, you can log, continuously monitor, and retain account activity related to actions across your AWS infrastructure. CloudTrail provides event history of your AWS account activity, including actions taken through the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and other AWS services. This event history simplifies security analysis, resource change tracking, and troubleshooting.

35
Q

Which of the following are benefits of the AWS’s Relational Database Service (RDS)?

  • Automated patches and backups
  • It allows you to store unstructured data
  • It allows you to store NoSQL data
  • You can resize the capacity accordingly
A

Automated patches and backups
You can resize the capacity accordingly

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a-relational database-in the cloud. It provides cost-efficient and resizable capacity while automating time-consuming administration tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching and backups. It frees you to focus on your applications so you can give them the fast performance, high availability, security and compatibility they need.

36
Q

What are the four levels of AWS Premium Support?

A

Basic, Developer, Business, Enterprise

Basic: Only for AWS account related support queries

Developer: Recommended if you are experimenting or testing in AWS.

Business: Recommended if you have production workloads in AWS.

Enterprise: Recommended if you have business and/or mission critical workloads in AWS.

37
Q

Which of the following allows you to carve out your own portion of the AWS Cloud?

A

AWS VPC

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) enables you to launch AWS resources into a virtual network that you’ve defined. This virtual network closely resembles a traditional network that you’d operate in your own data center, with the benefits of using the scalable infrastructure of AWS.

38
Q

Which of the following benefits would attractive to a company moving from on-premise to AWS?

  • Flexible
  • Control of Physical Servers
  • Pay Up Front
  • Cost-Effective
A

Flexible
Cost-Effective

Easy to use

AWS is designed to allow application providers, ISVs, and vendors to quickly and securely host your applications – whether an existing application or a new SaaS-based application. You can use the AWS Management Console or well-documented web services APIs to access AWS’s application hosting platform.

Flexible

AWS enables you to select the operating system, programming language, web application platform, database, and other services you need. With AWS, you receive a virtual environment that lets you load the software and services your application requires. This eases the migration process for existing applications while preserving options for building new solutions.

Cost-Effective You pay only for the compute power, storage, and other resources you use, with no long-term contracts or up-front commitments. For more information on comparing the costs of other hosting alternatives with AWS, see the AWS Economics Center.

Reliable

With AWS, you take advantage of a scalable, reliable, and secure global computing infrastructure, the virtual backbone of Amazon.com’s multi-billion dollar online business that has been honed for over a decade.

Scalable and high-performance

Using AWS tools, Auto Scaling, and Elastic Load Balancing, your application can scale up or down based on demand. Backed by Amazon’s massive infrastructure, you have access to compute and storage resources when you need them.

Secure.

AWS utilizes an end-to-end approach to secure and harden our infrastructure, including physical, operational, and software measures. For more information, see the AWS Security Center.

39
Q

Which of the following options of AWS RDS allows for AWS to failover to a secondary database in case the primary one fails?

A

AWS Multi-AZ

Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments provide enhanced availability and durability for Database (DB) Instances, making them a natural fit for production database workloads. When you provision a Multi-AZ DB Instance, Amazon RDS automatically creates a primary DB Instance and synchronously replicates the data to a standby instance in a different Availability Zone (AZ). Each AZ runs on its own physically distinct, independent infrastructure, and is engineered to be highly reliable. In case of an infrastructure failure, Amazon RDS performs an automatic failover to the standby (or to a read replica in the case of Amazon Aurora), so that you can resume database operations as soon as the failover is complete.

40
Q

In AWS, which security aspects are the customer’s responsibility?

  • Patch management on the EC2 instance’s operating system
  • Security Group and ACL (Access Control List) settings
  • 0
  • Decommissioning storage devices
  • Life-cycle management of IAM credentials
  • Encryption of EBS (Elastic Block Storage)volumes
  • Controlling physical access to compute resources
A

Patch management on the EC2 instance’s operatingsystem
Security Group and ACL (Access Control List)settings
Life-cycle management of IAM credentials
Encryption of EBS (Elastic Block Storage)volumes

41
Q

What is the ability provided by AWS to enable fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between your client and your Amazon S3 bucket.

A

S3 Transfer Acceleration

Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration enables fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between your client and an S3 bucket. Transfer Acceleration takes advantage of Amazon CloudFront’s globally distributed edge locations. As the data arrives at an edge location, data is routed to Amazon S3 over an optimized network path.

42
Q

You want to monitor the CPU utilization of an EC2 resource in AWS. Which of the below services can help in this regard

A

AWS Cloudwatch

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service for AWS cloud resources and the applications you run on AWS. You can use Amazon CloudWatch to collect and track metrics, collect and monitor log files, set alarms, and automatically react to changes in your AWS resources. Amazon CloudWatch can monitor AWS resources such as Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon DynamoDB tables, and Amazon RDS DB instances, as well as custom metrics generated by your applications and services, and any log files your applications generate

43
Q

Which of the following AWS services should you use to migrate an existing database to AWS?

A

AWS DMS

AWS Database Migration Service helps you migrate databases to AWS quickly and securely. The source database remains fully operational during the migration, minimizing downtime to applications that rely on the database. The AWS Database Migration Service can migrate your data to and from most widely used commercial and open-source databases.

44
Q

A company wants to create standard templates for deployment of their Infrastructure. Which AWS service can be used in this regard?

A

AWS CloudFormation

AWS CloudFormation gives developers and systems administrators an easy way to create and manage a collection of related AWS resources, provisioning and updating them in an orderly and predictable fashion.

45
Q

You want to take a snapshot of an EC2 Instance and create a new instance out of it. In AWS what is this snapshot equivalent to?

A

AMI

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance, which is a virtual server in the cloud. You specify an AMI when you launch an instance, and you can launch as many instances from the AMI as you need. You can also launch instances from as many different AMIs as you need.

46
Q

In AWS billing what option can be used to ensure costs can be reduced if you have multiple accounts

A

Consolidated billing

You can use the Consolidated Billing feature to consolidate payment for multiple Amazon Web Services (AWS) accounts or multiple Amazon International Services Pvt. Ltd (AISPL) accounts within your organization by designating one of them to be the payer account. With Consolidated Billing, you can see a combined view of AWS charges incurred by all accounts, as well as get a cost report for each individual account associated with your payer account

47
Q

Which of the following is not a supported database engine in the AWS Relation Database Service?

MySQL
Aurora
DB2
MariaDB

A

DB2

Amazon RDS is available on several database instance types - optimized for memory, performance or I/O - and provides you with six familiar database engines to choose from, including-Amazon Aurora,-PostgreSQL,-MySQL,-MariaDB,-Oracle, and-Microsoft SQL Server.-

48
Q

What is the service provided by AWS that allows developers to easily deploy and manage applications on the cloud?

A

Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Elastic Beanstalk makes it even easier for developers to quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS Cloud. Developers simply upload their application, and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling, and application health monitoring.

49
Q

Which of the following can be used to manage identities in AWS.

A

AWS IAM

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service that helps you securely control access to AWS resources. You use IAM to control who is authenticated (signed in) and authorized (has permissions) to use resources.

50
Q

What is the key difference between an availability zone and an edge location?

A

An availability zone is an isolated location within an AWS region, whereas an edge location will deliver cached content to the closest location to reduce latency

In AWS , there are regions with each region separated in a separate geographic area. Each region has multiple, isolated locations known as Availability Zones. An availability zone is used to host resources in a specific region.

51
Q

What AWS service has built-in DDoS mitigation?

A

CloudFront

CloudFront also integrates with-AWS WAF, a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits, and-AWS Shield, a managed DDoS protection service that safeguards web applications running on AWS.-

52
Q

What is the AWS service provided which provides a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability.

A

DynamoDB

DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL offering provided by AWS. It is now available in most regions for users to consume. The link provides the full details on the product

53
Q

You have 2 accounts in your AWS account. One for the Dev and the other for QA. All are part of consolidated billing. The master account has purchase 3 reserved instances. The Dev department is currently using 2 reserved instances. The QA team is planning on using 3 instances which of the same instance type. What is the pricing tier of the instances that can be used by the QA Team?

A

One Reserved and 2 on-demand

Since all are a part of consolidating billing, the pricing of reserved instances can be shared by All. And since 2 are already used by the Dev team , another one can be used by the QA team. The rest of the instances can be on-demand instances.

54
Q

What acts as a firewall that controls the traffic allowed to reach one or more instances?

A

Security group

A security group acts as a virtual firewall for your instance to control inbound and outbound traffic. When you launch an instance in a VPC, you can assign the instance to up to five security groups. Security groups act at the instance level. Below is an example of a security group which has inbound rules. The below rule states that users can only SSH into EC2 instances that are attached to this security group.

55
Q

Which of the below AWS services allows you to increase the number of resources on the demand of the application or users.

A

AWS Auto Scaling

AWS Auto Scaling enables you to configure automatic scaling for the scalable AWS resources for your application in a matter of minutes. AWS Auto Scaling uses the Auto Scaling and Application Auto Scaling services to configure scaling policies for your scalable AWS resources.

56
Q

Which of the following is a best practice when working with permissions in AWS?

A

Ensure the least privilege access is used

When you create IAM policies, follow the standard security advice of granting-least privilege—that is, granting only the permissions required to perform a task. Determine what users need to do and then craft policies for them that let the users perform-only-those tasks.

57
Q

Which of the following is NOT a disaster recovery deployment technique.

  • Multi-Site
  • Warm standby
  • Single Site
  • Pilot light
A

Single Site

This is NOT a disaster recovery deployment technique

58
Q

Which AWS service uses Edge Locations for content caching?

A

AWS CloudFront

Amazon CloudFront employs a global network of edge locations and regional edge caches that cache copies of your content close to your viewers. Amazon CloudFront ensures that end-user requests are served by the closest edge location.-

59
Q

You have a Web application hosted in an EC2 Instance that needs to send notifications based on events. Which of the below services can assist in sending notifications?

A

AWS SNS

Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) is a web service that enables applications, end-users, and devices to instantly send and receive notifications from-the cloud.

60
Q

Which services allow the customer to retain full administrative privileges of the underlying virtual infrastructure?

A

Amazon EC2

All of the other services are all managed by AWS as serverless components. Only you have complete control over the EC2 service.

61
Q

If you want to develop an application in Java, which of the following tools would you use?

A

AWS SDK

The AWS SDK for Java helps by providing Java APIs for AWS services including Amazon S3, Amazon ECS, DynamoDB, AWS Lambda, and more. The single, downloadable package includes the AWS Java library, code samples, and documentation you need to start developing.

62
Q

What are characteristics of Amazon S3?

  • S3 should be used to host a relational database.
  • S3 allows you to store unlimited amounts ofdata.
  • S3 allows you to store objects of virtually unlimitedsize.
  • Objects are directly accessible via a URL.
A

S3 allows you to store unlimited amounts of data.
Objects are directly accessible via a URL.

Each object does have a limitation in S3, but you can store virtually unlimited amounts of data. Also each object gets a directly accessible URL

63
Q

You have a distributed application that periodically processes large volumes of data across multiple Amazon EC2 Instances. The application is designed to recover gracefully from Amazon EC2 instance failures. How can you accomplish this in a cost effective way?

A

Spot Instances

When you think of cost effectiveness, you can either have to choose Spot or Reserved instances. Now when you have a regular processing job, the best is to use spot instances and since your application is designed recover gracefully from Amazon EC2 instance failures, then even if you lose the Spot instance , there is no issue because your application can recover.

64
Q

A company wants to utilize aws storage. For them low storage cost is paramount, the data is rarely retrieved, and data retrieval times of several hours are acceptable for them. What is the best storage option to use?

A

AWS Glacier

Amazon Glacier is a storage service optimized for infrequently used data, or “cold data.” The service provides durable and extremely low-cost storage with security features for data archiving and backup. With Amazon Glacier, you can store your data cost effectively for months, years, or even decades.

65
Q

How do you backup an EBS Volume?

A

EBS Snapshot

You can take an EBS snapshot which will back up your data to S3 EBS Snapshots

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