AWS Cloud Practicioner Flashcards

1
Q

AWS Cloud Shell

A

AWS CLI in the browser

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2
Q

Pricing calculator

A

Allows to create an estimated price for an infrastructure (fe. the cost of 3 EC2 instances and 100GB of EBS for 1 year)

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3
Q

Billing Dashboard

A

Your bills for the previous months + forecast for the next month, less detailed

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4
Q

Cost explorer

A

Dashboard for filtering and sorting costs + forecast for the next 12 months, more detailed

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5
Q

Cost & Usage reports

A

Generates a regular .csv report (to an s3 bucket) about the costs of the AWS account, most detailed

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6
Q

Tags (Costs & Billing)

A

Adding tags to the resources will make the bills easier to read (fe. tagging instances by projects makes easier to see project total cost)

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7
Q

AWS Budget

A

Allow (email) notifications when you are near your budget, more complex, can work with forecasts

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8
Q

Billing alarms

A

Cloud watch based less complex version of budgets (notifications when you spent an amount of money), can’t work with forecasts (just the actual consumption)

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9
Q

Consolidated Billing

A

Creating a single bill for all accounts.

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10
Q

AWS Health dashboard

A

Lists all maintenance events effecting the used by the account (personal), also have a general version (every service)

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11
Q

Service quotas

A

You have some default limits for some resources (like number of EC2 instances)

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12
Q

Six pillars of cloud architecture (The Well-Architected Framework)

A
  • Operational Excellence
  • Security
  • Reliability
  • Performance Efficiency
  • Cost optimisation
  • Sustainability
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13
Q

The Well-Architected Tool

A

List of questions helping to evaluate the challenges during the designing phase of the application (how to follow the six pillars of cloud architecture)

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14
Q

Thrusted Advisor

A

Checks the system via Machine Learning to check does the system respects:
* Security
* Fault tolerance (similar to Reliability)
* Performance (similar to Performance Efficiency)
* Cost optimisation
* Service limits (similar to Sustainability)

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15
Q

Acceptable Use Policy

A

The list of forbidden actions via AWS

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16
Q

AWS Organisations

A

Allows to supervise user accounts from a centralised place

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17
Q

Service Control Policy

A

With Service Control Policies you can control which policies (and permissions) can be added to IAM users of an account (disabling root permissions is a good idea).

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18
Q

AWS Control Tower

A

It is technically a wizard which helps to set up the default best practices for AWS organisations

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19
Q

Cloud Formation

A

AWS-s built in Infrastructure as code Solution

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20
Q

Cloud Formation Designer

A

“Draw” an infrastructure as code template instead of writing it

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21
Q

AWS CDK

A

Allows you to write infrastructure as code via java/python/C# etc. code instead of .yaml or .json files

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22
Q

Resource Access manager

A

manage shared cloud resources

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23
Q

AWS Config

A

manage and control configurations on a central place

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24
Q

AWS Licence Manager

A

manage licences on multiple accounts

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25
Q

Systems Manager

A

Helps to manage large scale server fleets (or even multi account resources), and multiple applications running on them

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26
Q

Session Manager

A

Allows to connect EC2 instances (similar to EC2 Instance connect just more advanced) from the browser

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27
Q

AWS OpsWork

A

Non managed alternative of System Manager.
It uses Puppet or Chef for platform automation.
(Helps to manage large scale server fleets (or even multi account resources), and multiple applications running on them)

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28
Q

Service Catalog

A

creates configurable “templates” (using CloudFormation)

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29
Q

Proton

A

creates templates for serverless & container related tasks (subset of service catalog, they can be combined)

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30
Q

Launch Wizard

A

pre built (application) templates created by AWS

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31
Q

CloudWatch

A

Cloud watch collects application logs
Cloud watch also allows to see different metrics (cpu utilisation, number of uploaded files etc.)

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32
Q

VPC Flow logs

A

Flow logs are capturing all incoming and outgoing IP traffic of a, VPC/Subnet
It can be exported to CloudWatch

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33
Q

CloudWatch Dashboards

A

It is possible to set up dashboards in the CloudWatch (aggregating multiple charts in the same page)

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34
Q

CloudWatch Alarms

A

When a metrics (bytes stored in the bucket, cpu utilisation etc.) reaches a condition (5gb, 95% etc.) an alarm is triggered (SNS notification sent, auto scale triggered)

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35
Q

CloudWatch Agent

A

If we install CloudWatch Agent on an EC2 instance it allows more detailed logging

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36
Q

X-Ray

A

Follow data flowing trough your applications

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37
Q

IAM User

A

person

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38
Q

IAM User Group

A

put users into a user group and give/take permissions to ALL of them

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39
Q

IAM Roles

A

giving permissions to a service (fe to access another service)

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40
Q

IAM Permission

A

a single permission

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41
Q

IAM policy

A

group of permissions

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42
Q

IAM Identity Center

A

a more powerful way to allow signing in into multiple aws accounts

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43
Q

AWS Directory Service

A

he built in support for Microsoft Active Directory

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44
Q

CloudTrail

A

allows to follow the actions of the user accounts (who created/modified a resource/configuration), literally an uncleanable “history”

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45
Q

GuardDuty

A

allows to automatically detect suspicious activities (powered by machine learning)

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46
Q

AWS Config

A

forces compliance on services (shows if some resource is not compient) - enforcing compliance

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47
Q

AWS Artifact

A

download compliance reports (for example GDPR) - showing that AWS is compliant

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48
Q

AWS Audit Manager

A

generating Compliance reports (about your own implementations) - showing that you are compliant

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49
Q

AWS Inspector

A

scans containers and EC2 instances to discover vulnerabilities (like unpatched software backdoor) - preventive

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50
Q

AWS Detectie

A

investigating incidents (like CloudTrail, but not just for users but for instances too) - when the problem happened

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51
Q

WAF

A

Web Application Firewall - attachable to some services (like cloud front distributions) block requests based on their metadata (detecting an sql injection fe.)

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52
Q

NetworkFirewall

A

managed firewall provided by AWS, it protects entire networks (like NACL on steroids)

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53
Q

Firewall Manager Service

A

a centralised service to manage firewalls

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54
Q

Shield

A

protection agains DDoS attacks

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55
Q

KMS

A

Key Manage Service - data encryption, managed key storage (all services have a built in support, you just need to enable it)

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56
Q

CloudHSM

A

Cloud Hardware Security Module - data encryption, custom key storage

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57
Q

ACM

A

Aws Certificate Manager - transfer encryption, get and use ssl certificates to en-/decrypt all incoming/outgoing data

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58
Q

Secrets Manager

A

built in support for storing secrets (credentials) hidden from most of the users

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59
Q

AWS Macie

A

scans S3 buckets to discover vulnerabilities (like unprotected sensitive data fe. username/password pairs), or unintentionally public sensitive data

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60
Q

Security Hub

A

Central dashboard for the other security services:
* GuardDuty
* Inspector
* Macie
* IAM access analyser
* Firewall manager
* System manager

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61
Q

Credentials report

A

Generates a csv report about all users and their credentials (not the concrete values)

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62
Q

Access advisor

A

Shows which policies a user have, and when was it used last time

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63
Q

Access analyser

A

Shows which are potential unwanted (too much) policies of a user

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64
Q

AMI

A

Amazon Machine Image - image of a “VM” (OS + pre built software

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65
Q

User data

A

Scripts (shell/bash commands) executed on startup of the EC2 instance (optional)

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66
Q

EC2 Instance connect

A

Online “SSH” from the browser (like the AWS web console)

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67
Q

Pricing - On Demand

A

Pay what you use

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68
Q

Pricing - Spot Instances

A

Discounted, but lower priority (you get it if there is free capacity, but AWS will take it away if somebody else needs it, and pays more)

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69
Q

Pricing - Savings plan

A

Paying in advance for a year (for a minimal amount of compute power, every instance have a concrete amount of compute power required) getting a discount, but paying at least that amount even if you are not using it

70
Q

Pricing - Reserved instances

A

Paying in advance, and specifying the concrete instance types (fe. “5* t2.micro”) similar to savings plan, but even less flexible

71
Q

Pricing - Dedicated hosts

A

Dedicated hosts - renting a complete server (fe. compliance reasons, performance)

72
Q

Pricing - Capacity reservation

A

Guarantees that there will be an instance available, but you pay “reservation fee”

73
Q

Step functions

A

Allows the user to divide a complex tasks into steps
Defines how the steps can call each other (Azure Logic App)

74
Q

Fargate

A

Serverless Container Execution Environment

75
Q

ECS task

A

Instructions (code) to create a container from an image and run it

76
Q

ECS service

A

A running task (container)

77
Q

ECR

A

Elastic Container Registry is a managed container registry (like Docker Hub)

78
Q

AWS batch

A

Tool to run batch operations
A batch operations requires running multiple complex workflows, sometimes involving multiple systems on regular (daily, monthly) basis

79
Q

AWS Compute Optimizer

A

Uses Machine Learning to analyse the CloudWatch metrics of the compute services, and helps to optimise them (giving suggestions to upscale or downscale)

80
Q

EBS

A

Elastic Block Store -
It is possible to add hard drives (volumes) to EC2 instances on start or later.

81
Q

EC2 Instance store

A

The hard disk which is part of the machine running the EC2 instance

82
Q

EFS

A

Elastic File System -
It possible to add a file system to any kind of application (EC2, ECS, Lambda etc.).

83
Q

FSx for Lustre

A

A file system optimised for high performance file access workloads

84
Q

EC2 Auto Scaling Group

A

AWS allows to dynamically adjust the capacity of the servers when you have huge load spikes.

85
Q

Application Load Balancer

A

Load Balancer, better for web servers (HTTP/HTTPS), more configurable

86
Q

Network Load Balancer

A

Load Balancer, better for “just data” (TCP/UDS), very fast

87
Q

Target Group

A

Group of services (instances) which could get a delegated “work” by the load balancer.

88
Q

S3 - Buckets

A

“entry points” of the storage, with globally unique name

89
Q

S3 - bucket policies

A

Similar to security groups for other instances / or IAM policies for users

90
Q

S3 - ACLs

A

The alternative of group policies (not recommended)

91
Q

S3 storage type - standard

A
  • Accessed multiple times
    • Flexible, but expensive
92
Q

S3 storage type - IA

A
  • Accessed occasionally
    • Cheaper, but reading the files costs extra money
93
Q

S3 storage type - Glacier

A
  • Nearly never accessed
    • The cheapest option, but reading the file costs extra money
    • You need to wait for the file (minutes to days)
94
Q

S3 storage type - Inteligent tiering

A
  • AWS analyses access patterns on the file, and decides which category is the best for it
95
Q

S3 - Versioning

A

storing different versions of the file with the same name

96
Q

S3 - Lifecycle management

A

moving files to a less expensive storage class after some time, fe. Logs can go to IA after a month, probably nobody opens them anyway

97
Q

S3 - Inventory & Analytics

A

statistic about the files stored on the bucket

98
Q

S3 - Object lock

A

making files non changeable/deletable, useful for compliance/legal reasons

99
Q

S3 - Replication

A

making cross bucket replicas, even between buckets in different regions, requires enabled versioning

100
Q

S3 - Data Encryption

A

data automatically encrypted on upload, and decrypted on download

101
Q

S3 - Static website hosting

A

using S3 as a server for hosting a simple static website

102
Q

RDS

A

Managed SQL Databases (running on an EC2 instance in the background)

103
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

Fully PostgreSQL and MySql compatible database optimised for AWS with great scaleability and performance
It also have a serverless version

104
Q

ElastiCache

A

Amazons managed implementation of in memory cache.
Supports Redis and Memcache

105
Q

DynamoDB

A

Managed high performance NoSQL key-value Databases

106
Q

DAX

A

DynamoDB Accelerator Built in Managed in memory cache for DynamoDB (like ElastiCache for RDS)

107
Q

MemoryDB

A

key-value db, PERSISTENT in-memory storage

108
Q

DocumentDB

A

document db, MongoDB compatible

109
Q

Keyspaces

A

wide column db (flexible column format like Cassandra)

110
Q

Neptune

A

Graph database

111
Q

TimeStream

A

Time serve DB

112
Q

Quantum Ledger

A

Immutable log data changes (centralised blockchain)

113
Q

Managed Blockchain

A

Decentralised blockchain (ethereal compatible)

114
Q

AWS Kinesis

A

When we need to store high frequency data (devices/sensors) we can use Kinesis service.
We don’t need that middle layer for less frequent data, but for high frequency data we need Kinesis to work as a buffer.

115
Q

Redshift

A
  • Storing the data in structured and formatted
  • It is great for reporting & visualisation
  • It is queryable (sql based)
116
Q

Glue

A

Glue is a Serverless Managed Extract/Transform/Load service

117
Q

EMR

A

Elastic Map Reduce -
Non managed Extract/Transform/Load service (you can use the Big Data platform preferred by you, fe. Hadoop)

118
Q

Athena

A

Athena allows to query the extracted data from S3 / DynamoDB / CloudWatch (or other sources) via SQL (even if they are not an SQL DB)

119
Q

Open Search

A

managed search service to search and analyse the data (runs on an instance in the background), elastic search alternative

120
Q

QuickSight

A

can be used to build charts, reports and dashboard

121
Q

ECR

A

Elastic Container Registry - a managed container registry (like Docker Hub)

122
Q

Grafana

A

Grafana creates live interactive data visualisation, it is a QuickSight alternative

123
Q

SQS

A

Simple Queue Service
- Pull / Push messages via a Queue
- Asynchronous processing
- Directly triggered from the code

124
Q

SNS

A

Simple Notification Service
- Push messages directly to the subscribers
- Synchronous processing
- Directly triggered from the code

125
Q

Event Bridge

A

Listens to events -> triggers actions
Synchronous processing
Indirectly triggered from the code (the code does not needs to know that the event is listened to and an action is triggered)

126
Q

SES

A

Simple Email Service
Helps the user to send batch (mass) e-mails.

127
Q

CloudMap

A

Registry of (assigned) resource names
It makes the creation of a micro service application easier (by registering/naming all the services)

128
Q

API Gateway

A

It is a managed serverless RestAPI service (Helps creating RestAPIs without writing code)

129
Q

AppSync

A

It is a managed GraphQL API service (It is a managed GraphQL API service)

130
Q

Cognito

A

Cognito is a managed user authentication service (like the one in firebase)

131
Q

Amplify

A

We can use it to “generate” back end services (for FE developers who have little AWS knowledge).

132
Q

Elastic Beanstalk

A

Elastic Beanstalk helps to deploy web apps, and general workflows to the cloud in the simplest way.
It allows the user to configure everything (computing, storage, db, hosting, load balancing etc.) in a single place
It even allows to add Load Balancers and AutoScaling groups (more advanced use cases)

133
Q

Lightsail

A

It is a web hosting provider (simple with lots of default options, but little configurability)

134
Q

AppRunner

A

AppRunner simplifies deploying containers to the cloud via AWS.

135
Q

Copilot

A

Copilot is a CLI that simplifies container and app creation & deployment to the cloud

136
Q

Cloud9

A

Cloud based IDE, it runs on an EC2 instance under the hood

137
Q

CodeGuru

A

Machine learning based, managed Sonar alternative

138
Q

DevOpsGuru

A

Machine learning based cloud infrastructure analizator (Sonar for DevOps)

139
Q

CloudCommit

A

A private Git repo in the cloud

140
Q

CodeBuild

A

Managed execution environment (builds the code)

141
Q

CodeArtifact

A

A managed artifact repository Nexus alternative

142
Q

CodeDeploy

A

Allows to deploy code for different target (EC2, ECS, Lambda) with different strategies, manually or automated

143
Q

CodePipeline

A

A managed Jenkins alternative

144
Q

CodeStar

A

A simplified version of Code Pipeline (A managed Jenkins alternative) with lots of pre-configured blueprints

145
Q

VPC

A

We can create a VPN like setup in the cloud.
Region based, every element of the VPC can communicate with each other.
Contains subnets.

146
Q

Subnet

A

Inside VPCs we can group our instances into subnets, and control the connectivity of those subnets
AZ based (every subnet is in a single AZ)
We have two main type of subnets:
* Private subnet - only internal network access
* Public subnet - internet access
However all instances of a VPC can talk to each other, even if they are not on the same subnet

147
Q

Elastic IP address

A

a “fix” (public) IP address

148
Q

Security Groups

A

Security Group is like a firewall, controls the incoming and outgoing messages.
By default a security group filters the inbound traffic, but allows all outbound traffic.
Security Groups are stateful (if a request went out a response for it can come in).
Attached to instances.
Recommended way of security.

149
Q

NACL

A

Network ACLs are firewalls for entire subnets.
By default NACLs are allowing all inbound and outbound traffic.
NACLs are stateless (we need to define rules for requests and responses too)
Security Groups are preferred over NACLs

150
Q

VPC Peering

A

VPC Pairing opens a “channel” between 2 VPCs, aka. allows the instances of the VPCs to communicate with each other like they would be in a single VPC.

151
Q

Transit gateways

A

Transit gateway does the same as VPC Pairing for multiple VPCs.
VPC Pairing opens a “channel” between 2 VPCs, aka. allows the instances of the VPCs to communicate with each other like they would be in a single VPC.

152
Q

VPC Endpoints

A

You can create a VPC endpoint, and reach other AWS services (without going trough the global internet).

153
Q

AWS PrivateLink

A

Amazons “intranet” around the globe. Provides faster and safer way of communication than the “real” internet.

154
Q

AWS Direct Connect

A

Physical cable based connection between AWS and your data-center. Ultra fast, ultra safe, ultra expensive.

155
Q

Internet Gateway

A

Connecting the (public) subnet to it will give internet access (in and out) to all instances of the subnet

156
Q

NAT Gateway

A

Creates a one way (outgoing requests only) connection for the instances of the (private) subnet

157
Q

S3 gateway

A

One type of VPC Endpoints, allows instances of a subnet to communicate with the S3 service via AWS PrivateLink.

158
Q

Route 53

A

Domain Name System translates domains to IP addresses.
AWS Route 53 is Amazons own managed DNS.

159
Q

Hosted zone

A

Configuration container, automatically created for every domain.
Add new records to the hosted zone to route incoming requests.

160
Q

Records (routing)

A

Add new records to the hosted zone (to route incoming requests - coming from the internet trough that domain - to one of your services).

161
Q

CloudFront

A

CloudFront is the managed CDN service of AWS.

If we are trying to access some web hosted content from far away (USA based server from Europe) it can cause high latency.
CDN networks are solving this problem by caching the content in various locations in the world, and routing the client to the closest cache (instead of the real server)

162
Q

Edge Locations

A

Edge Locations are the “caches” used by CloudFront.

If we are trying to access some web hosted content from far away (USA based server from Europe) it can cause high latency.
CDN networks are solving this problem by caching the content in various locations in the world, and routing the client to the closest cache (instead of the real server)

163
Q

AWS Global Accelerator

A

Improve user traffic performance via the AWS network (instead of the global internet)

164
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Improve network file speed to an AWS edge locations, and forward it via the AWS global network

165
Q

ACM

A

Amazon Certificate Manager, allows to generally manage ssl certificates (and encryption) between services

166
Q

Regions (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A
  • The highest level of abstraction in AWS
  • There are multiple Regions around the world (us-east-1, west-eu-2 etc.)
  • Most of the services are region based, there are some exceptions (Global services like billing)
167
Q

Availability zones (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A
  • Every region contains at least 3 availability zones.
  • They are fully independent (if one AZ goes down the others should remain active)
Every AZ contains 1 or more data centres.
  • Some services are AZ based (like VPCs)
168
Q

Edge Locations (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A
  • Edge Locations are the “caches” used by CloudFront.
169
Q

Local Zones (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A

Small AWS “regions” close to big metropolitan areas
* extra fast
* limited set of supported services
* Extends VPCs

170
Q

Outposts (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A
  • AWS servers, which you can add to your datacenter
  • AWS managed infrastructure
  • Hybrid system
  • limited set of supported services
  • Extends VPCs
171
Q

Wavelength Zones (Building blocks of the AWS infrastructure)

A
  • AWS servers, embedded into 5G networks (extremely fast)
  • limited set of supported services
  • Connectible into other services running in the region