AWS CDA Flashcards
Which EC2 option allows you to pay a fixed rate by the hour (or by the second) with no commitment?
On Demand
Which EC2 option provides you with a capacity reservation, and offers a significant discount on the hourly charge for an instance?
Reserved
Which EC2 option enables you to bid whatever price you want for instance capacity, providing for even greater savings if your applications have flexible start and end times?
Spot
Which EC2 option is a physical EC2 server dedicated for your use that can help you reduce costs by allowing you to use your existing server-bound software licenses?
Dedicated hosts
What nature of EC2 allows developers to instantly scale to meet spikes in traffic or demand?
The “Elastic” nature
What must you do if you wish to run more than 20 On-Demand EC2 instances?
Complete the Amazon EC2 instance request form
What API call will be run if Amazon EC2 is able to fulfill your request to run instances in the EC2 environment?
RunInstances
What API call will allow you to check the status of your EC2 instances?
DescribeInstances
Which API call will allow you to programmatically terminate any number of your instances?
TerminateInstances
If you have a running instance using Amazon EBS boot partition, what API call can you use to release the compute resources, but preserve the data on the boot partition?
StopInstances
What API call can you use when you’re ready to restart the instance associated with the Amazon EBS boot partition?
StartInstances
Data on the root device will persist independently from the lifetime of the instance by using which Amazon cloud service?
Amazon EBS
What does using Amazon EBS enable you to do, which is similar to shutting down your laptop and restarting it when you need to again?
Stop and restart an instance
How long does the local instance store persist data for?
Only for the life of the instance
What is an example of when it is feasible to use the local instance store?
When customers run large websites where each instance is a clone to handle web traffic
How quickly are systems in EC2 up and running?
10 minutes from the issue of RunInstances
Once you create a custom AMI, what do you need to do to it?
Bundle it
If you’re bundling an AMI with a root device backed by Amazon EBS, how and where can you bundle it?
Use the bundle command in the AWS management console
If you’re bundling an AMI with a boot partition on the instance store, how and where do you bundle it?
Use AMI tools to upload it to Amazon S3
How can you access your systems?
The RunInstances call that initiates execution of your application stack will return a set of DNS names, one for each system being booted; this name can be used exactly as you would if it were in your own data center
How is Amazon EC2 used in conjunction with Amazon S3?
By instances with root devices backed by local instance storage
How many On-Demand instances can you run in Amazon EC2?
20
How many Reserved instances can you purchase in Amazon EC2?
20
Are there any limitations in sending email from Amazon EC2 instances?
Yes
How can you send larger amounts of emails from EC2 accounts?
Apply to increase email limit
How quickly can you scale your capacity both up and down?
Within minutes
What API call is used to increase your instances?
RunInstances
What kind of memory does Amazon EC2 use?
ECC (error-correcting code) memory
True or False: With EC2 instances, you only pay for what you use.
True
How will your monthly bill show per-second vs per-hour charges?
Cumulative usage for each instance that ran in a given month in decimal hours; e.g. 1 hour and 10 minutes and 4 seconds will look like 1.1677
Amazon EC2 instances are grouped into what 5 family types?
- General Purpose
- Compute Optimized
- Memory Optimized
- Storage Optimized
- Accelerated Computing
Which EC2 instance family has memory to CPU ratios suitable for most general purpose applications and come with fixed performance (M5, M4) or burstable performance (T2)?
General Purpose
Which EC2 instance family (C5, C4) has proportionally more CPU resources than memory and are well-suited for scale out compute-intensive applications and High Performance Computing (HPC) workloads?
Compute Optimized
Which EC2 instance family (X1e, X1, R4) offers larger memory sizes for memory-intensive applications, including database and memory caching applications?
Memory Optimized
Which EC2 instance family (P3, P2, G3, F1) takes advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of NVIDIA Tesla GPUs for high performance computing and machine/deep learning?
Accelerating Computing
In order for developers to compare CPU capacity between different instance types, what did Amazon define?
EC2 Compute Units (ECUs)
What provides the relative measure of the integer processing power of an Amazon EC2 instance?
EC2 Compute Unit (ECU)
True or False: You cannot get a history of all EC2 API calls made from your account for security analysis and operational troubleshooting purposes.
False
How can you receive a history of all EC2 API calls made on your account?
Turn on CloudTrail in the AWS Management Console.
Where two places can you get more information about security on AWS?
AWS: Overview of Security Processes white paper & Amazon EC2 Running Windows Security Guide
By default, how many Elastic IP addresses are all accounts limited to per region?
5
What do you need to do to get more than the default number of Elastic IP addresses?
Apply for more Elastic IP addresses
In regards to Elastic IP addresses, what happens when each address is not associated to a running instance?
A small hourly charge is imposed
True or False: You need one Elastic IP address for every instance you have running.
False; but by default, every instance comes with a private IP address and an internet routable public IP address
How long does it take to remap an Elastic IP address?
Several minutes from when the remap was started
True or False: You can configure the reverse DNS record for your Elastic IP address.
True
How can you make sure that you’re in the same Availability Zone as another developer?
You can’t; the ability to coordinate launches into the same Availability Zone across AWS developer accounts is currently unsupported
For supported Amazon EC2 instances, higher packet per second (PPS) performance, lower inter-instance latencies, and very low network jitter are all capabilities included in what feature?
Enhanced Networking
If your applications benefit from higher packet per second (PPS) performance, lower inter-instance latencies, and very low network jitter, which feature should you be using?
Enhanced Networking
In order to enable Enhanced Networking, what must you do?
Launch an HVM AMI with the appropriate drivers.
True or False: There is an additional fee to use Enhanced Networking.
False
What happens to data when a local instance store is terminated?
The data will disappear forever; data stored on a local instance will persist only as long as that instance is alive.
What happens to data stored on an Amazon EBS volume when the system is terminated?
It will persist independently of the life of the instance.
“Delete On Terminate Flag” set to “N” does what?
Allows your Amazon EBS volume data to persist outside of the life of the instance
For transactional workloads, what kind of performance does Amazon EBS volume offer?
SSD-backed storage
For throughput intensive workloads, what kind of performance does Amazon EBS volume offer?
HDD-backed storage
Throughput optimized HDD is also known as ____?
st1
Cold HDD is also known as ____?
sc1
Which volumes are backed by HDDs and provide the lowest cost per GB of all EBS volume types?
SC1 volumes aka Cold HDD
Which volumes are backed by HDDs and are ideal for frequently accessed throughput intensive workloads with large datasets and large I/O sizes?
ST1 aka Throughput Optimized HDD
Is multiple instances accessing a single volume supported?
No; though multiple volumes can be attached to a single instance
True or False: You can access you EBS snapshots using the regular Amazon S3 APIs.
False; they’re only available through the Amazon EC2 APIs
True or False: Volumes need to be unmounted in order to take a snapshot.
False
Though volumes don’t need to be unmounted prior to taking a snapshot, why should they be unmounted anyway?
Snapshots only capture data that has been written to your Amazon EBS volume, which might exclude data that has been locally cached by your application or OS.
True or False: Users of your Amazon EBS shared snapshots can change your data.
False; users can only modify their own copies of the data, not the original snapshot
How can you discover Amazon EBS snapshots that have been shared with you?
Select “Private Snapshots” from the dropdown in the Snapshots section of the AWS Management Console
How can you find what Amazon EBS snapshots are shared globally?
Select “Public Snapshots” from the Snapshot section of the AWS Management Console
True or False: Encryption is offered on Amazon EBS volumes and snapshots?
True; EBS offers seamless encryption of data volumes and snapshots
What 2 places can you find a list of Amazon Public Data Sets?
Public Data Sets Resources Center & from within the AWS Management Console by choosing “Amazon Snapshots” in the Snapshots section
Which EC2 option would you use when users want low cost and flexibility without any upfront payment or long-term commitment
On Demand
Which EC2 Option: Applications with steady state or predictable usage
Reserved Instances
Which EC2 Option: Applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted
On Demand
Which EC2 Option: Applications being developed or tested on Amazon EC2 for the first time
On Demand
Which EC2 Option: Applications that require reserved capacity
Reserved Instances
Which EC2 option would you use when users are able to make upfront payments to reduce their total computing costs even further?
Reserved instances
Which EC2 Option: Applications that have flexible start and end times
Spot
Which EC2 Option: Applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices
Spot
Which EC2 option would you use for users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity?
Spot
Which EC2 Option: Useful for regulatory requirements that may not support multi-tenant virtualization
Dedicated Hosts
Which EC2 Option: Great for licensing which does not support multi-tenancy or cloud deployments
Dedicated Hosts
Which EC2 Option: Can be purchases On-Demand (hourly)
Dedicated Hosts
Which EC2 Option: Can be purchased as a Reservation for up to 70% off the On-Demand price
Dedicated Hosts
What allows you to create storage volumes and attack them to Amazon EC2 instances that, once attached, you can create a file system on top of these volumes, run a database, or use them in any other way you would use a block device?
Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Storage)
Which EBS volume type balances both price and performance and has a ratio of 3 IOPS per GB with up to 10,000 IOPS and the ability to burst up to 3000 IOPS for extended periods of time for volumes at 3334 GiB and above?
General Purpose SSD (GP2)
Which EBS volume type is designed for I/O intensive applications such as large relational or NoSQL databases and can provision up to 20,000 IOPS per volume; used when you need more than 10,000 IOPS.
Provisioned IOPS SSD (IO1)
True or False: You can mount 1 EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances.
False
Because you can’t mount 1 EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances at ones, what should you use instead?
AWS Elastic File System (EFS)
True or False: Termination Protection is turned on by default.
False
True or False: On an EBS-backed instance, the default action is for the root EBS volume to be deleted when the instance is terminated.
True
True or False: EBS Root Volumes of your DEFAULT AMI’s can be encrypted.
False
If you want to encrypt an EBS Root Volume, what must you do?
Use a third party tool or do it when creating AMI’s or using the API
When do changes to your security groups in EC2 go into effect?
Immediately
True or False: All inbound traffic is allowed by default in an EC2 instance.
False
True or False: All Outbound Traffic is allowed by default in an EC2 instance.
True
How many EC2 instances can you have within a security group?
Any number
How many security groups can be attached to EC2 instances?
Multiple
“If you create an inbound rule allowing traffic in, that traffic is automatically allowed back out again” - what aspect of Security Groups does this refer to?
Stateful-ness
Since you can’t block specific IP addresses using Security Groups, what do you do instead?
Network Access Control Lists
True or False: Snapshots of encrypted volumes are encrypted automatically.
True
True or False: You can share encrypted snapshots.
False
What service is Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) storage service for?
Amazon EC2
How can you get away from using User Access Keys?
By using roles instead
In the AWS CLI, depending on what region your S3 bucket is based, what might you have to use to access its contents?
Region flag
When should you use the region flag, regardless of whether you need it or not?
Always
Every time a user sends a request to API gateway and that’s forwarded to lambda, what is invoked?
A new lambda function
Lambda scales ___ not ____
Out; up
Lambda functions are independent; 1 event = ?
1 function
True or False: Lambda is not serverless.
False
What is Lambda’s duration time?
Max 5 minutes
True or False: You will always use the DNS name for your Elastic Load Balancer.
True
True or False: One subnet equals one availability zone.
True
Instances monitored by ELB are reported as InService or OutofService depending on what?
The healthiness of the instances
What does RRS stand for?
Reduced Redundancy Storage
What does ACL stand for?
Access control list
What does CORS stand for?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
