AWL - Ultimate Flashcards
1
Q
abstract (adj./v./n.)
A
ناب، خیالی
معنی: خلاصه، مجمل، چکیده، جدا کردن، زبده، معنی، رساله، مطلق، انتزاعی، مجرد، صریح، غیر عملی، بیمسمی، عاری ازکیفیات واقعی، خشک، چکیدن، چکیده کردن، کش رفتن، تجزیه کردن، جوهرگرفتن از، بردن، ربودن
adjective
adjective: abstract
/ˈabstrakt/
1. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence. "abstract concepts such as love or beauty" h Similar: theoretical
conceptual notional intellectual metaphysical philosophical academic hypothetical speculative conjectural conjectured suppositional putative suppositious suppositive ideational h Opposite: actual concrete
dealing with ideas rather than events. "the novel was too abstract and esoteric to sustain much attention" not based on a particular instance; theoretical. "we have been discussing the problem in a very abstract manner" (of a noun) denoting an idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete object.
2. relating to or denoting art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but rather seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, colours, and textures. "abstract pictures" h Similar: non-representational non-realistic non-pictorial symbolic impressionistic
h Opposite: representational
verb
verb: abstract; 3rd person present: abstracts; past tense: abstracted; past participle: abstracted; gerund or present participle: abstracting
/əbˈstrakt/
1. consider something theoretically or separately from (something else). "to abstract science and religion from their historical context can lead to anachronism" 2. extract or remove (something). "applications to abstract more water from streams" h Similar: extract
pump draw (off) tap suck withdraw remove take out/away separate detach isolate dissociate
used euphemistically to indicate that someone has stolen something. "his pockets contained all he had been able to abstract from the flat" withdraw. "as our relationship deepened you seemed to abstract yourself"
3. make a written summary of (an article or book). "staff who abstract material for an online database" h Similar: summarize write a summary of precis abridge condense compress shorten cut down abbreviate synopsize
epitomize
noun
noun: abstract; plural noun: abstracts
/ˈabstrakt/
1.
a summary of the contents of a book, article, or speech.
"an abstract of her speech"
h
Similar:
summary
synopsis precis résumé outline recapitulation abridgement condensation digest summation aperçu wrap-up argument epitome conspectus h Opposite: complete version
full text 2. an abstract work of art. "a big unframed abstract"
Phrases
in the abstract — in a general way; without reference to specific instances.
“there’s a fine line between promoting US business interests in the abstract and promoting specific companies”
2
Q
acknowledge (v.) acknowledgment acknowledgeable,
A
verb
verb: acknowledge; 3rd person present: acknowledges; past tense: acknowledged; past participle: acknowledged; gerund or present participle: acknowledging
1. accept or admit the existence or truth of. "the plight of the refugees was acknowledged by the authorities" h Similar: admit
accept grant allow concede confess own appreciate recognize realize be aware of be conscious of subscribe to approve (of) agree to accede to concur with acquiesce in go along with respect cooperate with bow to take on board be wise to cognize h Opposite: reject deny 2. recognize the importance or quality of. "the art world has begun to acknowledge his genius"
express gratitude for or appreciation of. "he received a letter acknowledging his services" h Similar: express gratitude for
show appreciation for give thanks for thank someone for pay tribute to someone for salute someone for toast someone for honour celebrate praise speak highly of accept the validity or legitimacy of. "Henry acknowledged Richard as his heir" h Similar: recognized admitted accepted approved accredited confirmed declared proclaimed confessed sworn avowed undisputed undoubted unquestioned unchallenged rightful true proper correct genuine authorized sanctioned
just
3. show that one has noticed or recognized (someone) by making a gesture or greeting. "she refused to acknowledge my presence" h Similar: greet salute address hail accost nod to wave to signal to raise one's hat to say hello to smile at recognize notice h Opposite: ignore
confirm (receipt of something).
"I should be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter"
h
Similar:
answer
return
reply to
respond to
react to
3
Q
aggregate
(n./v./adj.
A
معنی: جمع، تراکم، مجموع، توده، جمع شده، متراکم، انبوه، بهم پیوسته، جمع امده، جمع شدن، متراکم ساختن، توده کردن، جمع کردن
noun
noun: aggregate; plural noun: aggregates
/ˈaɡrɪɡət/
1.
a whole formed by combining several separate elements.
"the council was an aggregate of three regional assemblies"
the total score of a player or team in a fixture comprising more than one game or round.
"he set the pace with a one-over-par aggregate of 151"
h
Similar:
total
sum total sum whole amount grand total totality entirety summation gross result
final figure
2. a material or structure formed from a mass of fragments or particles loosely compacted together. "the specimen is an aggregate of rock and mineral fragments" h Similar: collection mass cluster lump clump pile heap bundle quantity accumulation build-up agglomeration concentration assemblage mixture mix combination blend compound alloy amalgam conjunction synthesis marriage miscellany jumble hotchpotch
mixed bag
pieces of broken or crushed stone or gravel used to make concrete and in building.
"use aggregate for the first layer when filling the trench"
adjective
adjective: aggregate
/ˈaɡrɪɡət/
formed or calculated by the combination of several separate elements; total. "the aggregate amount of grants made" h Similar: total
combined whole gross accumulated added entire complete full comprehensive overall
composite
Botany
(of a group of species) comprising several very similar species formerly regarded as a single species.
Economics
denoting the total supply or demand for goods and services in an economy at a particular time.
verb
verb: aggregate; 3rd person present: aggregates; past tense: aggregated; past participle: aggregated; gerund or present participle: aggregating
/ˈaɡrɪɡeɪt/
form or group into a class or cluster.
"socio-occupational groups aggregate men sharing similar kinds of occupation"
Computing
collect (related items of content) so as to display or link to them.
"tools that aggregate data from all of the security devices are a good first step"
Phrases in aggregate — in total; as a whole. "10,000 tonnes in aggregate" in aggregate phrase of aggregate
in total; as a whole. "10,000 tonnes in aggregate"
4
Q
albeit (conjunction)
A
conjunction
conjunction: albeit
though. "he was making progress, albeit rather slowly"
5
Q
amend (v.) amendment
A
معنی: اصلاح کردن، بهتر کردن، بهبودی یافتن، ترمیم کردن
verb
verb: amend; 3rd person present: amends; past tense: amended; past participle: amended; gerund or present participle: amending
1. make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.) in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances. "the rule was amended to apply only to non-members" h Similar: revise
alter change modify qualify adapt adjust edit copy-edit rewrite rescript redraft recast rephrase reword rework reform update revamp correct remedy fix set right put right repair emend improve ameliorate better enhance clarify 2. improve the texture or fertility of (soil). "amend your soil with peat moss or compost"
archaic put right. "a few things had gone wrong, but these had been amended"
6
Q
appreciate (v.)
A
- appreciate sb : قدر کسی رو دونستن
2 - appreciate sth : درک کردن ارزش یا اهمیت چیزی. مثل اهمیت درک تفاوت بین آدم ها - مثل ارزش سلامتی
verb
verb: appreciate; 3rd person present: appreciates; past tense: appreciated; past participle: appreciated; gerund or present participle: appreciating
1.
recognize the full worth of.
"she feels that he does not appreciate her"
h
Similar:
value
respect prize cherish treasure admire hold in high regard hold in esteem rate highly think highly of think much of have a high opinion of set (great) store by
be grateful for (something).
"I'd appreciate any information you could give me"
h
Similar:
be grateful for
be thankful for give thanks for be obliged for be indebted for be beholden for be in your debt for be appreciative of
h Opposite: disparage
2. understand (a situation) fully; grasp the full implications of. "they failed to appreciate the pressure he was under" h Similar: acknowledge recognize realize know be aware of be conscious of be cognizant of be alive to be sensitive to be alert to sympathize with understand comprehend perceive discern take on board be wise to h Opposite: be unaware of 3. rise in value or price. "the dollar appreciated against the euro by 15 per cent" h Similar: increase gain grow build up rise go up mount inflate
7
Q
attribute (v./n.) attribution
A
معنی: صفت، نشان، جنبه، افتخار، شهرت، نسبت دادن، حمل کردن
وابسته دانستن، دانستن از، حمل کردن بر، منتسب کردن به، خصوصیت، ویژگی، خصلت، خوی، خصیصه، خواص
verb
verb: attribute; 3rd person present: attributes; past tense: attributed; past participle: attributed; gerund or present participle: attributing
/əˈtrɪbjuːt/
regard something as being caused by.
"he attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director"
h
Similar:
ascribe
assign accredit credit impute allot allocate put down to set down to chalk up to lay at the door of hold responsible for pin something on lay something on place something on connect with associate with
stick something on
ascribe a work or remark to (a particular author, artist, or speaker).
"the building was attributed to Inigo Jones"
regard a quality or feature as characteristic of or possessed by.
"ancient peoples attributed magic properties to certain stones"
noun
noun: attribute; plural noun: attributes
/ˈatrɪbjuːt/
1. a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something. "flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of Britain's army" h Similar: quality
feature characteristic trait element aspect property hallmark mark distinction sign telltale sign sure sign idiosyncrasy peculiarity quirk
a material object recognized as symbolic of a person, especially a conventional object used in art to identify a saint or mythical figure. "it was not until the end of the fifteenth century that the sandglass was depicted as the attribute of Father Time" h Similar: symbol
indicator mark sign hallmark trademark
status symbol
2. Computing a piece of information which determines the properties of a field or tag in a database or a string of characters in a display. 3. Grammar an attributive adjective or noun. 4. Statistics a real property which a statistical analysis is attempting to describe.
8
Q
automate (v.) automatize
A
verb
verb: automate; 3rd person present: automates; past tense: automated; past participle: automated; gerund or present participle: automating
convert (a process or facility) to be operated by largely automatic equipment. "industry is investing in automating production"
9
Q
bias (v./n.) biased
A
. تبعیض، جانبداری
- گرایش، تمایل
- مورب
noun
noun: bias; plural noun: biases
1. inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair. "there was evidence of bias against foreign applicants" h Similar: prejudice
partiality partisanship favouritism unfairness one-sidedness bigotry intolerance racism racialism sexism heterosexism homophobia chauvinism anti-Semitism discrimination a jaundiced eye predisposition leaning tendency inclination propensity proclivity proneness predilection parti pris h Opposite: objectivity fairness impartiality
a concentration on or interest in one particular area or subject. "his work showed a discernible bias towards philosophy" a systematic distortion of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation.
2. a direction diagonal to the weave of a fabric. "a turquoise silk dress cut on the bias" h Similar: diagonal cross slant oblique
angle
3.
(in bowls) the irregular shape given to one side of a bowl.
the oblique course taken by a bowl as a result of its irregular shape.
4.
Electronics
a steady voltage, magnetic field, or other factor applied to a system or device to cause it to operate over a predetermined range.
verb
verb: bias; 3rd person present: biases; past tense: biased; past participle: biased; gerund or present participle: biasing
1. cause to feel or show inclination or prejudice for or against someone or something. "all too often, our recruitment processes are biased towards younger candidates" h Similar: prejudice
influence colour sway weight predispose distort skew bend twist warp angle load slant prejudiced partial partisan one-sided blinkered subjective bigoted intolerant discriminatory racist racialist sexist heterosexist homophobic anti-gay chauvinistic chauvinist anti-Semitic jaundiced distorted warped twisted skewed parti pris h Opposite: unbiased impartial fair 2. Electronics give a bias to. "bias the valve so that the anode current is normally zero or small"
10
Q
bulk (n.) bulkiness bulky bulkily
A
noun: bulk
1.
the mass or size of something large.
"residents jump up and down on their rubbish to reduce its bulk"
h
Similar:
size
volume dimensions measurements proportions mass substance scale magnitude immensity hugeness vastness massiveness bulkiness largeness bigness ampleness amplitude
large size or shape. "he moved quickly in spite of his bulk" a large mass or shape. plural noun: bulks large in quantity. modifier noun: bulk "bulk orders of over 100 copies" roughage in food. "potatoes supply energy, essential protein, and bulk" cargo in an unpackaged mass such as grain or oil. "the port is specially designed for the largest dry bulk vessels" Printing the thickness of paper or a book.
2. the greater part of something. "the bulk of the traffic had passed" h Similar: majority greater quantity/number larger part/number best/better part main part major part most almost all more than half (main) body lion's share predominance preponderance generality
11
Q
cease (v.) ceaseless ceaselessly
A
verb
verb: cease; 3rd person present: ceases; past tense: ceased; past participle: ceased; gerund or present participle: ceasing
come or bring to an end.
"the hostilities ceased and normal life was resumed"
h
Similar:
come to an end
come to a halt come to a stop end halt stop conclude terminate finish wind up draw to a close be over come to a standstill pause break off peter out fizzle out abate fade away die away bring to an end bring to a halt bring to a stop discontinue desist from refrain from leave off quit shut down suspend cut short h Opposite: start
continue
Phrases
never cease to
(in hyperbolic use) do something very frequently. “her exploits never cease to amaze me”
without cease
without stopping. “the bells rang without cease”
12
Q
cite (v.) citation citable
A
verb
verb: cite; 3rd person present: cites; past tense: cited; past participle: cited; gerund or present participle: citing
1. refer to (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work. "authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited" h Similar: quote
reproduce refer to make reference to mention allude to adduce instance give as an example point to specify name bring up advance invoke draw attention to
mention as an example.
"medics have been cited as a key example of a modern breed of technical expert"
h
Similar:
refer to
make reference to mention allude to adduce instance give as an example point to specify name bring up advance invoke
draw attention to
2. praise (someone, typically a member of the armed forces) in an official report for a courageous act. "he has been cited many times for his contributions in the intelligence area" h Similar: commend pay tribute to praise recognize give recognition to 3. summon (someone) to appear in court. "the writ cited only four of the signatories of the petition" h Similar: summon summons serve with a summons subpoena serve with a writ
13
Q
clause (n.) clausal
A
( در قرارداد ) ماده قانونی
noun
noun: clause; plural noun: clauses
1. a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate. 2. a particular and separate article, stipulation, or proviso in a treaty, bill, or contract. h Similar: section
paragraph article subsection note item point
14
Q
code (n.v.) coder, coding coded
A
معنی: برنامه، نظام نامه، رمز، قانون، دستورالعملها، رمزی کردن، بصورت رمز دراوردن
noun
noun: code; plural noun: codes
1. a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy. "the Americans cracked their diplomatic code" h Similar: cipher
secret language secret writing set of symbols key hieroglyphics coded message cryptogram cryptograph
a phrase or concept used to represent another in an indirect way. "‘We'll catch up soon’ is usually a code for ‘I'm not that into you’" a series of letters, numbers, or symbols assigned to something for the purposes of classification or identification. "each box had a label with the code SC 90" short for dialling code. "I was given the number, but not the code for Guildford"
2. Computing program instructions. "assembly code" 3. a systematic collection of laws or statutes. "a revision of the penal code" h Similar: law laws body of law rules regulations constitution system charter canon jurisprudence
a set of conventions or moral principles governing behaviour in a particular sphere.
"a strict dress code"
h
Similar:
set of principles
set of standards set of customs manners ethics morals morality convention accepted behaviour etiquette
protocol
verb
verb: code; 3rd person present: codes; past tense: coded; past participle: coded; gerund or present participle: coding
1.
convert (the words of a message) into a code so as to convey a secret meaning.
"only Mitch knew how to read the message—even the name was coded"
express the meaning of (a statement) in an indirect way.
"they code their language when talking to the general public"
assign a code to (something) for purposes of classification or identification.
"she coded the samples and sent them for dissection"
2.
write code for (a computer program).
"most developers code C + + like C"
3.
Biochemistry
be the genetic code for (an amino acid or protein).
"genes that code for human growth hormone"
be the genetic determiner of (a characteristic).
"one pair of homologous chromosomes codes for eye colour"
Phrases
bring something up to code — renovate or update an old building in line with the latest building regulations.
“the wiring will be brought up to code”
15
Q
commission (n./v.) commissioner
A
کمیسیون ( شورایی که به منظور رفع و رجوع مشکلی تشکیل و به افرادی مسئولیت داده میشود.
کمیسیون ( حق العمل، حق دلالی )
تقاضایی که برای یک هنرمند، موسیقی دان یا طراح می آید به منظور ساخت یک اثر هنری در ازای دریافت وجه مشخص
انتصاب به سمت یا حکم به ماموریت ( در نیروهای نظامی )
out of/in commission
غیر قابل استفاده یا کار/ قابل استفاده و آماده به کار
فعل:
ماموریت دادن، به کاری ( مثلا تحریر گزارش یا مقاله ) گماشتن
ترفیع دادن درجه ( در ارتش )
noun
noun: commission; plural noun: commissions
1. an instruction, command, or role given to a person or group. "one of his first commissions was to redesign the Great Exhibition building" h Similar: task
employment job work piece of work project mission assignment undertaking exercise enterprise endeavour solution duty charge responsibility burden office
an order for something, especially a work of art, to be produced specially. "Mozart at last received a commission to write an opera" a work produced in response to a commission. "in that year Zeuxis painted his most famous commission" archaic the authority to perform a task or certain duties. "the divine Commission of Christ" h Similar: warrant
licence
sanction
authority
2. a group of people entrusted by a government or other official body with authority to do something. "a commission was appointed to investigate the allegations" h Similar: committee board board of commissioners council panel directorate advisory body advisorate convocation delegation 3. a sum, typically a set percentage of the value involved, paid to an agent in a commercial transaction. "foreign banks may charge a commission" h Similar: percentage brokerage share portion dividend premium fee consideration bonus gratuity tip honorarium cut take whack rake-off slice slice of the cake piece of the action divvy apportionment quantum moiety 4. a warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force. "he has resigned his commission" 5. the action of committing a crime or offence. "the commission of an arrestable offence" h Similar: perpetration committing committal execution
performance
verb
verb: commission; 3rd person present: commissions; past tense: commissioned; past participle: commissioned; gerund or present participle: commissioning
1. order or authorize the production of (something). "the portrait was commissioned by his widow in 1792" h Similar: order
put in an order for place an order for contract for pay for authorize bespeak
order or authorize (a person or organization) to do or produce something. "they commissioned an architect to manage the building project" h Similar: engage
contract charge employ hire recruit retain appoint enlist co-opt book sign up authorize empower
detail 2. bring (something newly produced) into working condition. "we had a few hiccups getting the heating equipment commissioned" 3. appoint (someone) to the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force. "he was commissioned into the Royal Fusiliers"
Phrases
in commission
in use or in service. “a reduced number of ships were retained in commission”
out of commission
not in service; not in working order. “my car is out of commission until a new
16
Q
commit (v.) commitment
A
معنی: سپردن، مرتکب شدن، اعزام داشتن برای، متعهدبانجامامری نمودن
verb
verb: commit; 3rd person present: commits; past tense: committed; past participle: committed; gerund or present participle: committing
1. perpetrate or carry out (a mistake, crime, or immoral act). "he committed an uncharacteristic error" h Similar: carry out
do perform perpetrate engage in enact execute effect accomplish be responsible for be to blame for be guilty of pull off effectuate 2. pledge or bind (a person or an organization) to a certain course or policy. "they were reluctant to commit themselves to an opinion" h Similar: pledge devote apply give dedicate bind obligate
be dedicated to (something).
"we are committed to the fundamental principles of democracy"
h
Similar:
devout
devoted loyal dedicated faithful staunch firm steadfast resolute unwavering sincere wholehearted keen earnest enthusiastic zealous passionate ardent fervent motivated driven active sworn pledged dutiful hard-working diligent studious assiduous engagé card-carrying red-hot true blue mad keen deep-dyed
h Opposite: apathetic pledge or set aside (resources) for future use. "manufacturers will have to commit substantial funds to developing new engines" resolve to remain in a long-term emotional relationship with (someone). "she didn't love him enough to commit herself to him" be in a long-term emotional relationship with (someone). "she loved a man who was committed to another woman"
3.
transfer something to (a state or place where it can be kept or preserved).
“he composed a letter but didn’t commit it to paper”
consign (someone) officially to prison, especially on remand. "he was committed to prison for contempt of court" h Similar: consign
assign send deliver confine send (a person or case) for trial in a higher court. "the magistrate decided to commit him for trial" send (someone) to be confined in a psychiatric hospital. "you guys would have had me committed" h Similar: hospitalize confine institutionalize put away lock away lock up certify h Opposite: release refer (a parliamentary or legislative bill) to a committee.
17
Q
commodity (n.) commodify,
A
معنی: متاع، کالا، جنس، وسیله مناسبمعانی دیگر: مال (یا مال التجاره)، (جمع) محصول (به ویژه کشاورزی)، فرآورده های اصلی (مانند گندم و غیره)، لوازم، هر چیز سودمند، چیز به درد خور
noun
noun: commodity; plural noun: commodities
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee. "commodities such as copper and coffee" h Similar: item
material type of produce product article object thing artefact piece of merchandise import export
a useful or valuable thing. "water is a precious commodity"
18
Q
community (n.) communitarian
A
معنی: اجتماع، انجمن، عوام، عموم
noun
1.
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
"Montreal's Italian community"
h
Similar:
group
section body company set circle clique coterie ring band faction gang bunch
a group of people living together and practising common ownership. noun: community; plural noun: communities "a community of nuns" h Similar: brotherhood
sisterhood fraternity confraternity sorority colony institution order body circle association society league sodality a particular area or place considered together with its inhabitants. "a rural community" h Similar: district region zone area local area locality locale neighbourhood neck of the woods manor hood nabe turf a body of nations or states unified by common interests. "the European Community" the people of a district or country considered collectively, especially in the context of social values and responsibilities; society. noun: community; noun: the community "preparing prisoners for life back in the community" h Similar: population populace people citizenry public general public body politic collective society nation state country realm commonwealth homeland fatherland motherland residents inhabitants citizens denizens
burghers denoting a worker or resource designed to serve the people of a particular area. modifier noun: community "community health services"
2.
the condition of sharing or having certain attitudes and interests in common.
“the sense of community that organized religion can provide”
a similarity or identity.
"the law presupposes a community of interest between an employer and employees"
h
Similar:
similarity
similar nature likeness sameness comparability correspondence agreement alignment parallel parallelism closeness affinity semblance h Opposite: difference incompatibility joint ownership or liability. "the community of goods" h Similar: joint ownership common ownership shared possession joint liability
joint participation
3.
Ecology
a group of interdependent plants or animals growing or living together in natural conditions or occupying a specified habitat.
"communities of insectivorous birds"
Phrases
the international community — the countries of the world considered collectively.
“the policy led to widespread condemnation from the international community”
19
Q
compile (v.) compilation, compiler
A
معنی: گرد اوردن، همگرادنی کردن، تالیف کردن
verb
verb: compile; 3rd person present: compiles; past tense: compiled; past participle: compiled; gerund or present participle: compiling
1. produce (a list or book) by assembling information collected from other sources. "the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers" h Similar: assemble
put together make up collate compose marshal organize arrange sort out systematize systemize anthologize gather collect accumulate amass
collect (information) in order to produce a list or book. "the figures were compiled from a survey of 2,000 schoolchildren" accumulate (a specified score). "the world champion compiled a break of 101"
2.
Computing
convert (a program) into a machine-code or lower-level form in which the program can be executed.
“this allows you to create programs and compile them”
20
Q
complement (n./v.)
A
معنی: متمم، تزئینی، کامل کردن، متمم گرفتن، متمم بودن
noun
noun: complement; plural noun: complements
/ˈkɒmplɪm(ə)nt/
1. a thing that contributes extra features to something else in such a way as to improve or emphasize its quality. "local ales provide the perfect complement to fine food" h Similar: accompaniment
companion addition supplement accessory adjunct trimming finishing touch final touch h Opposite: contrast 2. a number or quantity of something, especially that required to make a group complete. "at the moment we have a full complement of staff" h Similar: amount total aggregate contingent company capacity allowance
quota
the number of people required to crew a ship.
"almost half the ship's complement of 322 were wounded"
Geometry
the amount in degrees by which a given angle is less than 90°.
Mathematics
the members of a set or class that are not members of a given subset.
3.
Grammar
one or more words, phrases, or clauses governed by a verb (or by a nominalization or a predicative adjective) that complete the meaning of the predicate. In generative grammar, all the constituents of a sentence that are governed by a verb form the complement.
(in systemic grammar) an adjective or noun that has the same reference as either the subject (as mad in he is mad ) or the object (as mad in he drove her mad or manager in they appointed him manager ).
4.
Physiology
a group of proteins present in blood plasma and tissue fluid which combine with an antigen–antibody complex to bring about the lysis of foreign cells.
verb
verb: complement; 3rd person present: complements; past tense: complemented; past participle: complemented; gerund or present participle: complementing
/ˈkɒmplɪmɛnt/
contribute extra features to (someone or something) in such a way as to improve or emphasize their qualities. "a classic blazer complements a look that's smart or casual" h Similar: accompany
go with round off set off suit harmonize with be the perfect companion to be the perfect addition to add the finishing touch to add the final touch to add to supplement augment enhance complete
h
Opposite:
contrast
add to or make complete.
"the proposals complement the incentives already available"
Phrases
in her complement — (of the moon) depicted as full.
21
Q
compound (n./v./adj.)
A
. ( رسمی ) ترکیب کردن، ساختن، درست کردن؛ [مواد] آمیختن، مخلوط کردن
- [دعوا، بدهی و غیره] مصالحه کردن سرِ، توافق کردن سرِ، کنار آمدن سرِ، به توافق رسیدن
- [مسئله، مشکلات] افزودن، تشدیدکردن، وخیم تر کردن، اضافه کردن
noun
noun: compound; plural noun: compounds
/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture. "the air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes" h Similar: amalgam
amalgamation combination composite blend mixture mix admixture meld fusion synthesis consolidation alloy hybrid
mash-up
a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.
noun: chemical compound; plural noun: chemical compounds
"a compound of hydrogen and oxygen"
a word made up of two or more existing words.
adjective
adjective: compound
/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/
made up or consisting of several parts or elements.
"a compound noun"
h
Similar:
composite
complex blended fused synthesized compounded combined
h
Opposite:
simple
(of interest) payable on both capital and the accumulated interest.
"compound interest"
Biology
(especially of a leaf, flower, or eye) consisting of two or more simple parts or individuals in combination.
verb
verb: compound; 3rd person present: compounds; past tense: compounded; past participle: compounded; gerund or present participle: compounding
/kəmˈpaʊnd/
1. make up (a composite whole); constitute. "a dialect compounded of Spanish and Dutch" h Similar: be composed of
be made up of
be constituted of
be formed from
mix or combine (ingredients or constituents). "the groundnuts were compounded into cattle food" h Similar: mix
combine blend put together amalgamate alloy fuse synthesize coalesce mingle meld intermingle admix commix
commingle
reckon (interest) on previously accumulated interest.
"the yield at which the interest is compounded"
2. make (something bad) worse; intensify the negative aspects of. "prisoners' lack of contact with the outside world compounds their problems" h Similar: aggravate worsen make worse add to augment exacerbate intensify heighten increase magnify add insult to injury rub salt in the wound add fuel to the fire/flames complicate h Opposite: alleviate improve 3. Law forbear from prosecuting (a felony) in exchange for money or other consideration.
settle (a debt or other matter) in exchange for money or other consideration. "he compounded the case with the defendant for a cash payment"
22
Q
comprise (v.)
A
معنی: در برداشتن، شامل بودن، متضمن بودنمعانی دیگر: متشکل بودن (از)، تشکیل دادن
verb
verb: comprise; 3rd person present: comprises; past tense: comprised; past participle: comprised; gerund or present participle: comprising
consist of; be made up of.
"the country comprises twenty states"
h
Similar:
consist of
be made up of be composed of contain take in embrace encompass incorporate include involve cover comprehend
make up or constitute (a whole).
"this single breed comprises 50 per cent of the Swiss cattle population"
h
Similar:
make up
constitute
form
compose
account for
23
Q
conceive (v.) conceivability conceivable conceivably
A
معنی: پنداشتن، فهمیدن، تصور کردن، ابستن شدنمعانی دیگر: آبستن شدن، بارور شدن، گشن دادن، بسته شدن نطفه، به فکر خطور دادن، اندیشیدن
verb
verb: conceive; 3rd person present: conceives; past tense: conceived; past participle: conceived; gerund or present participle: conceiving
1.
create (an embryo) by fertilizing an egg.
"she was conceived when her father was 49"
(of a woman) become pregnant.
"five months ago Wendy conceived"
h
Similar:
get pregnant
become pregnant
become impregnated
become inseminated
become fertilized
2. form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind. "the dam project was originally conceived in 1977" h Similar: think up think of come up with dream up draw up devise form formulate design frame invent coin originate create develop evolve hatch cook up contrive
form a mental representation of; imagine. "without society an individual cannot be conceived as having rights" h Similar: imagine
envisage visualize picture picture in one's mind's eye conjure up an image of think see perceive grasp appreciate apprehend envision ideate literary become affected by (a feeling). "I had conceived a passion for another"
24
Q
concurrent (adj.) concurrence,
A
معنی: همرو، موافق، متوافق، هم زمان، متقارن، در یک وقت واقع شونده
معانی دیگر: هم رخداد، مصادف (از نظر زمان)، مقارن، همرس، همگرا، همسوی، (هندسه) متقارب
adjective
adjective: concurrent
1. existing, happening, or done at the same time. "there are three concurrent art fairs around the city" h Similar: simultaneous
coincident coinciding contemporaneous synchronous parallel side by side coexisting coexistent
(of two or more prison sentences) to be served at the same time. "he received concurrent sentences of two years' imprisonment for each of his two convictions" Mathematics (of three or more lines) meeting at or tending towards one point. h Similar: convergent
converging
meeting
joining
uniting
intersecting
2.
agreeing or consistent.
25
Q
confer (v.)
A
verb
verb: confer; 3rd person present: confers; past tense: conferred; past participle: conferred; gerund or present participle: conferring
1. grant (a title, degree, benefit, or right). "the Minister may have exceeded the powers conferred on him by Parliament" h Similar: bestow on
present with/to grant to award to decorate with honour with give to give out to gift with endow with vest in hand out to extend to vouchsafe to accord to h Opposite: withhold remove 2. have discussions; exchange opinions. "the officials were conferring with allies" h Similar: consult have discussions discuss things exchange views talk have a talk speak converse communicate have a chat have a tête-à-tête negotiate have negotiations have talks parley palaver have a confab chew the fat/rag jaw rap powwow
confabulate
Origin
26
Q
confine (v.) confinement confined
A
معنی: حد، محدوده، منحصر کردن، بستری کردن، محدود کردن
معانی دیگر: (معمولا جمع) مرز، جای محصور، (بیمارستان) بستری کردن، زندانی کردن، توقیف کردن، (مهجور) زندان،
verb
verb: confine; 3rd person present: confines; past tense: confined; past participle: confined; gerund or present participle: confining
/kənˈfʌɪn/
keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of (space, scope, or time). "he does not confine his message to high politics" h Similar: enclose
incarcerate imprison intern impound hold captive trap shut in/up keep pen in/up cage lock in/up coop (up) box up/in immure mew up fence in hedge in hurdle rail in wall in/up encircle surround ring encompass hem in close in kettle corral gird compass restrict limit keep within the limits of not allow to go beyond
h
Opposite:
release
restrain or forbid someone from leaving (a place).
"the troops were confined to their barracks"
(of a person) be unable to leave (one's bed, home, or a wheelchair) because of illness or disability.
"he was confined to bed for four days with a bad dose of flu"
dated
(of a woman) remain in bed for a period before, during, and after giving birth.
"she was confined for nearly a month"
noun
plural noun: confines; noun: confine
/ˈkɒnfʌɪn/
the borders or boundaries of a place, especially with regard to their restricting freedom of movement. "within the confines of the hall escape was difficult" h Similar: limits
outer limits borders boundaries margins extremities edges fringes marches periphery perimeter circumference compass precinct pale
the limits of something abstract, especially a sphere of activity. "the narrow confines of political life"
27
Q
consequent (adj.)
A
معنی: نتیجه بخش، بر ایند، پی ایند
adjective
adjective: consequent
1.
following as a result or effect.
"the social problems of pupils and their consequent educational difficulties"
h
Similar:
resulting
resultant ensuing consequential following subsequent successive sequential attendant accompanying concomitant collateral associated related connected linked h Opposite: causal
unrelated
archaic
logically consistent.
2.
Geology
(of a stream or valley) having a direction or character determined by the original slope of the land before erosion.
28
Q
constitute (v.)
A
معنی: ترکیب کردن، تشکیل دادن، تاسیس کردن
verb
verb: constitute; 3rd person present: constitutes; past tense: constituted; past participle: constituted; gerund or present participle: constituting
1.
be (a part) of a whole.
"lone parents constitute a great proportion of the poor"
h
Similar:
amount to
add up to account for form make up compose comprise represent
combine to form (a whole). "there were enough members present to constitute a quorum" be or be equivalent to (something). "his failure to act constituted a breach of duty" h Similar: be equivalent to
be the equivalent of be embody be tantamount to be regarded as act as
serve as
2. give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law. "the superior courts were constituted by the Judicature Acts 1873–5" h Similar: inaugurate initiate establish found create set up put in place
29
Q
constrain (v.) constraint constrained constrainedly
A
معنی: گرفتاری، توقیف، قید، محدودیت، اجبار، اضطرار، فشار
معانی دیگر: الزام، وادارسازی، جبر، عنف، سرکوبی (احساسات طبیعی و رفتار غریزی)، رفتار مصنوعی (وانمودین)
verb
verb: constrain; 3rd person present: constrains; past tense: constrained; past participle: constrained; gerund or present participle: constraining
compel or force (someone) to follow a particular course of action. "children are constrained to work in the way the book dictates" h Similar: compel
force coerce drive impel oblige prevail on require press push pressure pressurize urge bully dragoon browbeat railroad bulldoze steamroller hustle twist someone's arm strong-arm lean on put the screws on
severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of. "agricultural development is considerably constrained by climate" h Similar: restrict
limit curb check restrain regulate contain hold back keep down archaic bring about (something) by compulsion. "Calypso in her caves constrained his stay" literary confine forcibly; imprison. "the walls are high, the gates are strong, but true love never yet was thus constrained" h Similar: confine restrain restrict impede hamstring balk frustrate
30
Q
contract (v./n.) contractor
A
معنی: مقاطعه، کنترات، پیمان بستن، همکشیدن، پیمان، موافقت، قرارداد، عقد، منقبض کردن، منقبض شدن، قرارداد بستن، مقاطعه کاری کردن، کنترات کردن، مخفف کردن
noun
noun: contract; plural noun: contracts
/ˈkɒntrakt/
a written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law. "he has just signed a contract keeping him with the club" h Similar: agreement
commitment arrangement settlement undertaking understanding compact covenant pact bond deal bargain treaty concordat convention entente account indenture
engagement
the branch of law concerned with the making and observation of contracts.
"the law of contract"
informal
an arrangement for someone to be killed by a hired assassin.
"smuggling bosses routinely put out contracts on witnesses"
Bridge
the declarer's undertaking to win the number of tricks bid with a stated suit as trumps.
"South can make the contract with correct play"
dated
a formal agreement to marry.
"the contract between the Bride and the Bridegroom was renewed"
verb
verb: contract; 3rd person present: contracts; past tense: contracted; past participle: contracted; gerund or present participle: contracting
/kənˈtrakt/
1.
decrease in size, number, or range.
"glass contracts as it cools"
h
Similar:
shrink
get smaller become smaller decrease diminish reduce dwindle decline shrivel h Opposite: expand increase
(of a muscle) become shorter and tighter in order to effect movement of part of the body. "the heart contracts about seventy times a minute" h Similar: tighten
become/make tighter tense flex constrict draw in become/make narrower narrow wrinkle knit crease corrugate purse pucker h Opposite: relax shorten (a word or phrase) by combination or elision. "these sources were called quasistellar objects, which was soon contracted to quasar" h Similar: shorten abbreviate cut reduce abridge truncate h Opposite: expand
lengthen
2. enter into a formal and legally binding agreement. "the local authority will contract with a wide range of agencies to provide services" h Similar: undertake pledge promise covenant commit oneself engage agree enter into an agreement reach an agreement make a deal negotiate a deal
British choose to be involved in (a scheme). "politically committed members contract into paying the levy" British choose to withdraw from or not become involved in a scheme. "plans to encourage people to contract out of the pension scheme" h Similar: opt out
leave
exclude oneself
withdraw
pull out
exit
secure specified rights or undertake specified obligations in a formal and legally binding agreement.
“a buyer may contract for the right to withhold payment”
impose an obligation on (someone) to do something by means of a formal agreement.
“health authorities contract a hospital to treat a specific number of patients”
arrange for work to be done by another organization.
“local authorities will have to contract out waste management”
h
Similar:
subcontract
outsource
farm out
assign to others formally enter into (a marriage). "kings obtained dispensations to enable them to contract politically advantageous matches" enter into (a friendship or other relationship). "the patterns of social relationships contracted by men and women differ"
3. catch or develop (a disease or infectious agent). "three people contracted a killer virus" h Similar: develop catch get pick up come down with become infected with fall ill with be taken ill with be struck down with be stricken with succumb to go down with take ill with take sick with 4. become liable to pay (a debt). "he contracted a debt of £3,300" h Similar: incur become liable to pay acquire fall into run up
31
Q
contrary (n./adj.)
A
معنی: مغایر، مخالف، ضد، نقیض، مقابل، معکوس
adjective
adjective: contrary
1. opposite in nature, direction, or meaning. "he ignored contrary advice and agreed on the deal" h Similar: opposite
opposing opposed contradictory clashing conflicting antithetical incompatible irreconcilable different differing contrasting inconsistent incongruous reverse counter backasswards oppugnant antipathic h Opposite: compatible same
(of two or more statements, beliefs, etc.) opposed to one another. "his mother had given him contrary messages" (of a wind) blowing in the opposite direction to one's course; unfavourable. Logic (of two propositions) so related that one or neither but not both must be true.
2. perversely inclined to disagree or to do the opposite of what is expected or desired. "she is sulky and contrary where her work is concerned" h Similar: perverse awkward difficult uncooperative unhelpful obstructive disobliging unaccommodating unreasonable troublesome tiresome annoying vexatious disobedient recalcitrant refractory wilful headstrong self-willed capricious wayward cross-grained stubborn obstinate obdurate mulish pig-headed bull-headed intractable thrawn cussed bloody-minded bolshie stroppy balky froward contumacious renitent pervicacious contrarious h Opposite: accommodating cooperative
obliging
noun
noun: contrary; noun: the contrary; plural noun: contraries
1.
the opposite.
"an Act applies only to the United Kingdom unless the contrary is expressed"
h
Similar:
opposite
reverse
converse
antithesis
contrariety 2. Logic a contrary proposition.
Phrases
contrary to
conflicting with or running counter to. “contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting”
on the contrary
used to intensify a denial of what has just been implied or stated by suggesting that the opposite is the case. “there was no malice in her; on the contrary, she was very kind”
to the contrary
with the opposite meaning or implication. “he continued to drink despite medical advice
32
Q
controversy (n.) controversialist
A
معنی: ستیزه، بحی، مباحثه، مشاجره، جدال، هم ستیزی
معانی دیگر: بحث، بگو مگو، جرو بحث، جدل، مناقشه، قیل و قال، بحک
noun
noun: controversy; plural noun: controversies
prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion. "the design of the building has caused controversy" h Similar: disagreement
dispute argument debate dissension contention
33
Q
convene (v.) convention, convener conventional
A
معنی: جمع کردن، گرد امدن، منعقد کردن، دور هم جمع شدن، تشکیل جلسه دادن، هم ایش کردن
verb
verb: convene; 3rd person present: convenes; past tense: convened; past participle: convened; gerund or present participle: convening
come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble. "he had convened a secret meeting of military personnel" h Similar: summon
call call together order hold convoke assemble gather meet get together come together congregate collect muster foregather
h Opposite: disperse
Origin
34
Q
converse (v.)
A
معنی: امیزش، سخن، گفتگو، صحبت، واژگون، وارونه، مخالف، سخن گفتن، محاوره کردن، مذاکره کردن، سخنرانی کردن، سر و کار داشتن با، صحبت کردن
verb
verb: converse; 3rd person present: converses; past tense: conversed; past participle: conversed; gerund or present participle: conversing
/kənˈvəːs/
engage in conversation.
"she was withdrawn and preoccupied, hardly able to converse with her mother"
h
Similar:
talk
speak chat have a conversation have a talk have a discussion discourse confer parley consult with each other chatter gossip chew the fat chew the rag gab jaw have a confab natter rabbit witter chunter rap shoot the breeze conversate mag
confabulate
nounarchaic
noun: converse; plural noun: converses
/ˈkɒnvəːs/
conversation. "his converse at such seasons was always elevating"
35
Q
coordinate (v./n./adj.)
A
معنی: مختصات، هم پایه، متناسب کردن، تعدیل کردن، هم اهنگ کردن
هماهنگ و سازماندهی کردن
verb
verb: coordinate; 3rd person present: coordinates; past tense: coordinated; past participle: coordinated; gerund or present participle: coordinating; verb: co-ordinate; 3rd person present: co-ordinates; past tense: co-ordinated; past participle: co-ordinated; gerund or present participle: co-ordinating
/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/
1. bring the different elements of (a complex activity or organization) into a harmonious or efficient relationship. "he had responsibility for coordinating London's transport services" h Similar: harmonize
correlate interrelate synchronize bring together fit together mesh dovetail organize arrange order systematize concert
negotiate with others in order to work together effectively. "you will coordinate with consultants and other departments on a variety of projects" h Similar: cooperate
collaborate work together work side by side act together act jointly pull together band together come together get together join forces team up unite combine merge amalgamate pool resources club together make common cause form an alliance liaise conspire connive collude work hand in glove gang up coact match or harmonize attractively. "the stud fastenings are coloured to coordinate with the shirt" h Similar: blend blend in fit in harmonize go go well go together be compatible be in tune match suit complement
set off 2. Chemistry form a coordinate bond to (an atom or molecule). "the sodium atom is coordinated to two oxygen atoms"
adjective
adjective: coordinate; adjective: co-ordinate
/kəʊˈɔːdɪnət/
1.
equal in rank or importance.
"cross references in the catalogue link subjects which may be coordinate"
Grammar
(of parts of a compound sentence) equal in rank and fulfilling identical functions.
2.
Chemistry
denoting a type of covalent bond in which one atom provides both the shared electrons.
noun
noun: coordinate; plural noun: coordinates; noun: co-ordinate; plural noun: co-ordinates
/kəʊˈɔːdɪnət/
1. each of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a point, line, or plane. 2. matching items of clothing. "matching accessories provide a complete ensemble of colour coordinates"
36
Q
core (v./n./adj.) corer
A
هسته گیری ، هسته گرفتن بخش اصلی، قسمت اصلی اصلی، عمده
noun
noun: core; plural noun: cores
1. the tough central part of various fruits, containing the seeds. "a pineapple core" 2. the part of something that is central to its existence or character. "the plan has the interests of children at its core" h Similar: central
key basic fundamental elemental principal primary main chief crucial vital essential number-one heart nucleus nub hub kernel marrow meat essence quintessence crux gist pith substance sum and substance body basis bedrock cornerstone linchpin mainspring foundation root base underpinning fundamentals essentials basic principles main ingredients heart of the matter nitty-gritty brass tacks nuts and bolts ABC basics h Opposite: peripheral minor
an important or unchanging group of people forming the central part of a larger body. "a flexible core of permanent employees"
3. the dense central region of a planet, especially the nickel–iron inner part of the earth. h Similar: centre interior middle nucleus bosom recesses bowels depths innards
midst
the central part of a nuclear reactor, which contains the fissile material.
a tiny ring of magnetic material used in a computer memory to store one bit of data, now superseded by semiconductor memories.
the inner strand of an electric cable or rope.
the muscles of the torso, especially the lower back and abdominal area, which assist in the maintenance of good posture, balance, etc.
"nothing will strengthen your core like balancing a heavy barbell on your back or lifting one off the floor"
a piece of soft iron forming the centre of an electromagnet or an induction coil.
an internal mould filling a space to be left hollow in a casting.
"bronzes that have been cast using a clay core"
a cylindrical sample of rock, ice, or other material obtained by boring with a hollow drill.
Archaeology
a piece of flint from which flakes or blades have been removed.
4.
Economics
denoting or relating to a figure for inflation that excludes certain items, chiefly food and energy, that are subject to sudden and temporary price fluctuations.
"core inflation was up 2.3 percent over the 12 month period"
verb
verb: core; 3rd person present: cores; past tense: cored; past participle: cored; gerund or present participle: coring
remove the tough central part and seeds from (a fruit). "peel and core the pears"
Phrases
to the core — to the depths of one’s being.
“she was shaken to the core by his words”
37
Q
corporate (adj.) corporatize
A
سازمانی تلفیقی یکپارچه کننده در قالب شرکت شرکتی
adjective: corporate
relating to a large company or group.
"airlines are very keen on their corporate identity"
Law
(of a large company or group) authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law.
"local authorities, like other corporate bodies, may reduce capital spending"
of or shared by all the members of a group.
"the service emphasizes the corporate responsibility of the congregation"
h
Similar:
collective
shared common communal joint combined united allied amalgamated pooled merged concerted collaborative cooperative company business house
h
Opposite:
individual
noun
noun: corporate; plural noun: corporates
a corporate company or group.
38
Q
couple (v./n.) coupledom, coupler
A
noun
noun: couple; plural noun: couples
1. two people or things of the same sort considered together. "a couple of girls were playing marbles" h Similar: pair
duo duology twosome set of two match doublets twins brace span yoke two two of a kind duplet dyad duad doubleton twain
a pair of partners in a dance or game. a pair of hunting dogs. plural noun: couple two collars joined together and used for holding hounds together. a pair of rafters. Mechanics a pair of equal and parallel forces acting in opposite directions, and tending to cause rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane containing them.
2. two people who are married or otherwise closely associated romantically or sexually. "in three weeks the couple fell in love and became engaged" h Similar: husband and wife twosome newly-weds partners lovers cohabitees item 3. informal an indefinite small number. "he hoped she'd be better in a couple of days" h Similar: a few two or three a small number of a couple
h Opposite: several
verb
verb: couple; 3rd person present: couples; past tense: coupled; past participle: coupled; gerund or present participle: coupling
1. link or combine (something) with something else. "a sense of hope is coupled with a palpable sense of loss" h Similar: combine
integrate mix incorporate accompany link team associate connect ally add to join to conjoin h Opposite: divorce
connect (a railway vehicle or a piece of equipment) to another. "a cable is coupled up to one of the wheels" connect (two electrical components) using electromagnetic induction, electrostatic charge, or an optical link. "resistors are used to couple the oscillators" h Similar: connect
attach join fasten fix link secure tie bind strap rope tether truss lash hitch yoke chain stick tape glue bond cement fuse weld solder pin peg screw bolt rivet clamp clip hook (up) add append annex subjoin concatenate
h
Opposite:
separate
join to form a pair.
"the beetles may couple up to form a pair"
2. mate or have sexual intercourse. "as middle-class youth grew more tolerant of sex, they started to couple more often"
39
Q
credit (v./n.) creditor, creditability creditable creditably
A
noun
noun: credit
1.
the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.
"I've got unlimited credit"
h
Similar:
financial standing
financial status
solvency
the money lent or borrowed under a credit arrangement. plural noun: credits "the bank refused to extend their credit"
2.
an entry recording a sum received, listed on the right-hand side or column of an account.
“the columns should be added across and down and the total debits should equal the total credits”
a payment received. "you need to record debits or credits made to your account" entitlement to a set amount of a particular company's goods or services, typically paid for in advance of use. "in the middle of our conversation his phone ran out of credit"
3. public acknowledgement or praise, given or received when a person's responsibility for an action or idea becomes apparent. "the Prime Minister was quick to claim the credit for abolishing the tax" h Similar: praise commendation acclaim approval approbation acknowledgement recognition kudos hat tip glory merit regard esteem respect admiration adulation veneration tributes thanks gratitude appreciation bouquets brownie points laudation extolment eulogium
a source of pride.
"the fans are a credit to the club"
h
Similar:
source of honour
source of pride feather in the cap asset proud boast glory flower gem
treasure an item in a list displayed at the beginning or end of a film or television programme, acknowledging a contributor's role. plural noun: credits; noun: credit title; plural noun: credit titles "the closing credits finished rolling"
4.
North American
the acknowledgement of a student’s completion of a course or activity that counts towards a degree or diploma as maintained in a school’s records.
“a student can earn one unit of academic credit”
a unit of study counting towards a degree or diploma. "the National Certificate consists of twelve credits" British a grade above a pass in an examination. acknowledgement of merit in an examination which is reflected in the marks awarded. "candidates will receive credit for accuracy and style"
5.
archaic
the quality of being believed or credited.
“the abstract philosophy of Cicero has lost its credit”
good reputation.
"John Gilpin was a citizen of credit and renown"
h
Similar:
reputation
repute character image name good name prestige influence standing status regard esteem estimation credibility acceptability izzat clout rep rap honour report
reputability
verb
verb: credit; 3rd person present: credits; past tense: credited; past participle: credited; gerund or present participle: crediting
1. publicly acknowledge a contributor's role in the production of (something published or broadcast). "the screenplay is credited to one American and two Japanese writers" h Similar: ascribe
attribute assign accredit chalk up put down set down impute lay at the door of connect with associate with stick something on
ascribe (an achievement or good quality) to someone. "he is credited with painting one hundred and twenty-five canvases" h Similar: be accredited with
be recognized as
be given the credit for
be held responsible for
2. add (an amount of money) to an account. "this deferred tax can be credited to the profit and loss account" 3. British believe (something surprising or unlikely). "you would hardly credit it—but it was true" h Similar: believe accept give credence to have confidence in trust have faith in rely on depend on count on go for fall for buy swallow swallow something hook line and sinker take something as gospel
h Opposite: disbelieve
Phrases
be in credit
(of an account) have money in it. “your statement shows your account to be in credit”
credit where credit is due
praise should be given when it is deserved, even if one is reluctant to give it.
do someone or something credit
make someone or something worthy of praise or respect. “your concern does you credit”
give someone credit for
commend someone for (a quality or a
40
Q
deduce (v.) deduction deducible, deductive deductively
A
verb
verb: deduce; 3rd person present: deduces; past tense: deduced; past participle: deduced; gerund or present participle: deducing
1. arrive at (a fact or a conclusion) by reasoning; draw as a logical conclusion. "little can be safely deduced from these figures" h Similar: conclude
come to the conclusion reason work out gather infer draw the inference extrapolate glean divine intuit come to understand understand assume presume conjecture surmise reckon dare say figure suss out 2. archaic trace the course or derivation of. "he cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male"
41
Q
depress (v.)
A
verb
verb: depress; 3rd person present: depresses; past tense: depressed; past participle: depressed; gerund or present participle: depressing
1. make (someone) feel utterly dispirited or dejected. "that first day at school depressed me" h Similar: make sad
sadden make unhappy cast down get down make gloomy make despondent dispirit dampen someone's spirits break someone's spirit dash someone's hopes dishearten demoralize discourage daunt crush shake desolate make desolate weigh down weigh heavily on hang over oppress upset distress grieve haunt harrow cause suffering to break someone's heart make someone's heart bleed bring tears to someone's eyes give someone the blues make someone fed up knock the stuffing out of knock for six knock sideways deject h Opposite: cheer up 2. reduce the level or strength of activity in (something, especially an economic or biological system). "fear of inflation in America depressed bond markets" h Similar: slow down slow up reduce lower weaken sap devitalize impair deflate limit check curb bridle inhibit restrict cut cheapen put down keep down mark down discount depreciate devalue diminish downgrade slash axe h Opposite: encourage raise 3. push or pull (something) down into a lower position. "depress the lever" h Similar: push (down) press (down) exert pressure on lower hold down
42
Q
discrete (adj.) discretion
A
adjective
adjective: discrete
individually separate and distinct.
"speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discrete units"
h
Similar:
separate
distinct individual detached unattached disconnected
43
Q
displace (v.) displacement
A
verb
verb: displace; 3rd person present: displaces; past tense: displaced; past participle: displaced; gerund or present participle: displacing
take over the place, position, or role of. "he believes that books may be displaced by the electronic word" h Similar: replace
take the place of take over from supplant oust supersede succeed override crowd out
move (something) from its proper or usual position. "he seems to have displaced some vertebrae" h Similar: dislodge
dislocate upset unsettle move shift relocate reposition put out of place move out of place knock out of place knock out of position disarrange derange discompose mess up disorder throw into disorder throw into disarray scatter disperse h Opposite: replace put back leave in place force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster. "thousands of people have been displaced by the civil war" remove (someone) from a job or position of authority. "his aides were discredited and displaced" h Similar: depose dislodge unseat dethrone remove from office remove
44
Q
dispose (v.)
A
verb
verb: dispose; 3rd person present: disposes; past tense: disposed; past participle: disposed; gerund or present participle: disposing
1. get rid of by throwing away or giving or selling to someone else. "the waste is disposed of in the North Sea" h Similar: throw away
throw out cast out get rid of do away with discard jettison abandon eject unload scrap destroy dump ditch chuck chuck out chuck away junk get shut of get shot of trash part with give away make over hand over deliver up bestow transfer sell auction palm off fob off see the back of h Opposite: retain acquire keep
informal
kill.
"all of them have been efficient in disposing of their rivals by deadly means"
h
Similar:
kill
cause the death of take/end the life of do away with make away with murder assassinate do to death eliminate terminate dispatch finish off put to death execute slaughter butcher massacre wipe out destroy annihilate erase eradicate exterminate extirpate decimate mow down shoot down cut down cut to pieces put down put to sleep bump off polish off do in do for knock off top take out croak stiff blow away liquidate dispose of ice off rub out waste whack scrag smoke slay overcome (a rival or threat). "the Scottish champions were buoyant after they disposed of English champions Leeds" informal consume (food or drink) quickly or enthusiastically. "she watched him dispose of a large slice of cheese" h Similar: consume eat eat up devour ingest swallow gobble gobble up wolf down gorge oneself on feast on munch snack on drink drink up guzzle gulp (down) swill imbibe take sup sip lap tuck into scoff (down) put away stuff down polish off cram in stuff one's face with pig oneself on graze on down neck sink kill gollop shift get one's laughing gear round gorb scarf (down/up) snarf (down/up) manducate
ingurgitate
2. incline (someone) towards a particular activity or mood. "prolactin, a calming hormone, is released, disposing you towards sleep" h Similar: incline encourage persuade predispose make willing make move prompt lead induce inspire tempt motivate actuate bias sway influence determine direct 3. arrange in a particular position. "the chief disposed his attendants in a circle" h Similar: arrange order place put position orient array spread out range set up form organize seat stand marshal muster gather group assemble park plant pop stick posit
literary determine the course of events. "the government proposed, but the trade union movement disposed"
45
Q
distinct (adj.) distinction
A
adjective
adjective: distinct
1. recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type. "the patterns of spoken language are distinct from those of writing" h Similar: clear
clear-cut definite well defined sharp marked decided unmistakable easily distinguishable recognizable visible perceptible noticeable obvious plain plain as day evident apparent manifest patent palpable unambiguous unequivocal pronounced prominent striking h Opposite: indistinct fuzzy indefinite
physically separate.
"the gallery is divided into five distinct spaces"
h
Similar:
discrete
separate individual different unconnected unassociated detached precise specific distinctive dissimilar unalike contrasting disparate unique sui generis h Opposite: indistinct overlapping
approximate
2.
readily distinguishable by the senses.
“a distinct smell of nicotine”
(used for emphasis) so clearly apparent to the mind as to be unmistakable; definite. "he got the distinct impression that Melissa wasn't best pleased"
46
Q
distort (v.)
A
verb
verb: distort; 3rd person present: distorts; past tense: distorted; past participle: distorted; gerund or present participle: distorting
1.
pull or twist out of shape.
"a grimace distorted her mouth"
h
Similar:
twist
warp contort bend buckle deform malform misshape disfigure mangle wrench wring wrest twisted warped contorted bent buckled deformed malformed misshapen disfigured crooked irregular awry wry out of shape mangled wrenched gnarled h Opposite: straight
become twisted out of shape. "the pipe will distort as you bend it"
2. give a misleading or false account or impression of. "many factors can distort the results" h Similar: misrepresent pervert twist falsify misreport misstate prejudice manipulate garble take/quote out of context slant bias skew colour put a spin on spin tamper with tinker with doctor alter change misrepresented perverted twisted falsified misreported misstated garbled inaccurate biased prejudiced slanted coloured loaded weighted tampered with tinkered with doctored altered changed h Opposite: accurate 3. change the form of (an electrical signal or sound wave) during transmission, amplification, or other processing. "you're distorting the sound by overdriving the amp"
47
Q
emerge (v.) emergence emergent
A
verb
verb: emerge; 3rd person present: emerges; past tense: emerged; past participle: emerged; gerund or present participle: emerging
1.
move out of or away from something and become visible.
"black ravens emerged from the fog"
h
Similar:
come out
appear come into view become visible make an appearance turn up spring up come up surface crop up pop up materialize manifest oneself arise proceed issue come forth emanate h Opposite: disappear
(of an insect or other invertebrate) break out from an egg, cocoon, or pupal case. "the larvae pupate among the roots of trees to emerge as the adults"
2. become apparent or prominent. "United have emerged as the bookies' clear favourite" h Similar: become known become apparent become evident be revealed come to light come out transpire come to the fore enter the picture unfold turn out prove to be the case become common knowledge get around
(of facts) become known. "reports of a deadlock emerged during preliminary discussions"
3.
recover from or survive a difficult situation.
“the economy has started to emerge from recession”
48
Q
enforce (v.)
A
verb
verb: enforce; 3rd person present: enforces; past tense: enforced; past participle: enforced; gerund or present participle: enforcing
compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation). "the role of the police is to enforce the law" h Similar: impose
apply carry out administer implement bring to bear discharge fulfil execute prosecute effectuate force compel exact extort demand insist on require necessitate constrain
cause (something) to happen by necessity or force. "there is no outside agency to enforce cooperation between the players" h Similar: compulsory
obligatory mandatory involuntary forced exacted coerced imposed demanded required requisite stipulated contractual binding necessitated necessary unavoidable inescapable obliged impelled constrained dictated ordained prescribed de rigueur h Opposite: voluntary archaic press home (a demand or argument). "my father spoke like a preacher enforcing a precept of religion"
49
Q
entity (n.)
A
noun
noun: entity; plural noun: entities
a thing with distinct and independent existence. "Church and empire were fused in a single entity" h Similar: organization
institution establishment body operation structure system unit whole set-up outfit
existence; being.
"entity and nonentity"
h
Similar:
existence
being life living animation animateness vital force
50
Q
equip (v.) equipment
A
verb
verb: equip; 3rd person present: equips; past tense: equipped; past participle: equipped; gerund or present participle: equipping
supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose. "all bedrooms are equipped with a colour TV" h Similar: provide
furnish supply issue fit out rig out deck out stock provision arm array attire dress outfit accoutre kit out fix up
prepare (someone) mentally for a particular situation or task. "I don't think he's equipped for the modern age" h Similar: prepare
qualify suit endow enable facilitate
51
Q
estate (n.)
A
noun
noun: estate; plural noun: estates; noun: estate of the realm; plural noun: estates of the realm; plural noun: three estates
1.
an extensive area of land in the country, usually with a large house, owned by one person, family, or organization.
h
Similar:
property
grounds garden(s) park parkland land(s) piece of land tract landholding manor domain territory demesne
British an area of land and modern buildings developed for residential, industrial, or commercial purposes. "Lucy and Tony live on an estate in West London" h Similar: area
site development complex piece of land land region tract a property where coffee, rubber, grapes, or other crops are cultivated. "large coffee estates" h Similar: plantation farm holding forest vineyard ranch hacienda pen shamba
tope
2. all the money and property owned by a particular person, especially at death. "in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter" h Similar: assets capital wealth riches holdings fortune property worth resources effects possessions belongings things goods worldly goods stuff chattels valuables legacy bequest personalty goods and chattels gear trek 3. a class or order regarded as forming part of the body politic, in particular (in Britain), one of the three groups constituting Parliament, now the Lords spiritual (the heads of the Church), the Lords temporal (the peerage), and the Commons. They are also known as the three estates. "the unions are no longer an estate of the realm"
dated a particular class or category of people in society. "the spiritual welfare of all estates of men"
4. archaic•literary a particular state, period, or condition in life. "programmes for the improvement of man's estate" h Similar: state condition situation position circumstance lot fate 5. British short for estate car.
52
Q
eventual (adj.) eventuate eventuality
A
adjective
adjective: eventual
occurring or existing at the end of or as a result of a process or period of time. "it's impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the competition" h Similar: final
ultimate concluding closing endmost end terminal resulting ensuing consequent
subsequent
53
Q
exhibit (v./n.)
A
verb
verb: exhibit; 3rd person present: exhibits; past tense: exhibited; past participle: exhibited; gerund or present participle: exhibiting
1.
publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
"only one sculpture was exhibited in the artist's lifetime"
(of an artist) display one's work to the public in an art gallery or museum.
"she was invited to exhibit at several French museums"
h
Similar:
put on display
put on show display show show to the public put on public view present unveil model parade showcase set out lay out array arrange
hang publicly display the work of (an artist) in an art gallery or museum. "no foreign painters were exhibited"
2. manifest clearly (a quality or a type of behaviour). "he could exhibit a saintlike submissiveness" h Similar: show reveal display manifest evince betray give away disclose express indicate demonstrate present make clear make plain evidence parade flaunt h Opposite: conceal
hide
show as a sign or symptom.
"patients with alcoholic liver disease exhibit many biochemical abnormalities"
noun
noun: exhibit; plural noun: exhibits
an object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
"the museum is rich in exhibits"
h
Similar:
object on display
item
piece
North American
an exhibition.
"people flocked to the exhibit in record-breaking numbers"
h
Similar:
exhibition
(public) display show showing presentation demonstration showcase mounting spectacle retrospective biennale exposition expo fair trade fair world fair demo Law a document or other object produced in a court as evidence. "many exhibits, including the cockpit voice recordings, will be produced in court"
54
Q
explicit (adj.) explicitness explicitly
A
adjective
adjective: explicit
stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt. "the arrangement had not been made explicit" h Similar: clear
direct plain obvious straightforward clear-cut crystal clear clearly expressed easily understandable blunt precise exact definite distinct express emphatic absolute specific positive unequivocal unambiguous unmistakable overt manifest detailed minute comprehensive exhaustive categorical h Opposite: vague
(of a person) stating something in an explicit manner. "let me be explicit" describing or representing sexual activity in a graphic fashion. "a sexually explicit blockbuster" h Similar: uncensored
unrestrained unreserved unrestricted uninhibited graphic open candid frank forthright direct plain-spoken outspoken point-blank straight from the shoulder full-frontal no holds barred h Opposite: suggestive
implicit
noun
noun: explicit; plural noun: explicits
the closing words of a manuscript, early printed book, or chanted liturgical text.
55
Q
exploit (v.) exploitation
A
verb
verb: exploit; 3rd person present: exploits; past tense: exploited; past participle: exploited; gerund or present participle: exploiting
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt,ɛkˈsplɔɪt/
1. make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource). "500 companies sprang up to exploit this new technology" h Similar: utilize
make use of put to use use use to good advantage turn/put to good use make the most of capitalize on benefit from turn to account draw on profit from/by make capital out of cash in on milk 2. make use of (a situation) in a way considered unfair or underhand. "the company was exploiting a legal loophole"
benefit unfairly from the work of (someone), typically by overworking or underpaying them. "these workers are at particular risk of being exploited in the workplace" h Similar: take advantage of
make use of abuse impose on prey on play on misuse ill-treat bleed suck dry squeeze wring enslave treat unfairly withhold rights from manipulate cheat swindle fleece victimize live off the backs of walk (all) over take for a ride put one over on cash in on rip off
h
Opposite:
treat fairly
noun
noun: exploit; plural noun: exploits
/ˈɛksplɔɪt/
1.
a bold or daring feat.
"despite a series of colourful exploits, his agents obtained little intelligence of value"
h
Similar:
feat
deed act adventure stunt escapade manoeuvre enterprise undertaking move achievement accomplishment attainment triumph handiwork lark caper 2. a software tool designed to take advantage of a flaw in a computer system, typically for malicious purposes such as installing malware. "if someone you don't know tweets you a link, it's either spam, an exploit, or probably both"
56
Q
feature (v./n.) featureless, featured
A
noun
noun: feature; plural noun: features
1. a distinctive attribute or aspect of something. "a well-appointed house with interesting decorative features" h Similar: characteristic
attribute quality property trait mark hallmark trademark aspect facet side point detail factor ingredient component constituent element theme peculiarity idiosyncrasy quirk oddity
a part of the face, such as the mouth or eyes, making a significant contribution to its overall appearance. "a dark-haired man with strong, regular features" h Similar: face
countenance physiognomy profile mug kisser clock mush phiz phizog dial boat race coupon bake puss pan visage lineaments
front Linguistics a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit, especially a speech sound or vocabulary item, that serves to distinguish it from others of the same type.
2. a newspaper or magazine article or a broadcast programme devoted to the treatment of a particular topic, typically at length. "a special feature on children's reference books" h Similar: article piece item report story column review commentary criticism analysis write-up exposé
theme
a full-length film intended as the main item in a cinema programme.
noun: feature film; plural noun: feature films
verb
verb: feature; 3rd person present: features; past tense: featured; past participle: featured; gerund or present participle: featuring
have as a prominent attribute or aspect. "the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium" h Similar: present
promote make a feature of give prominence to focus attention on call attention to spotlight highlight accent
have as an important actor or participant. "the film featured Glenn Miller and his Orchestra" be a significant characteristic of or take an important part in. "his later paintings feature prominently in the exhibition" h Similar: star
appear
participate
play a part
have a place
57
Q
format (v./n.) formation formational
A
noun
noun: format; plural noun: formats
the way in which something is arranged or set out.
"the conventional format of TV situation comedies"
the shape, size, and presentation of a book or periodical.
"the format is A4 on newsprint"
h
Similar:
design
style presentation appearance look form shape size arrangement plan scheme composition make-up configuration structure
set-up
the medium in which a sound recording is made available.
"he has just re-issued the collection in CD format"
Computing
a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data.
"a data file in binary format"
verb
verb: format; 3rd person present: formats; past tense: formatted; past participle: formatted; gerund or present participle: formatting
(especially in computing) arrange or put into a format.
"how to format a document"
prepare (a storage medium) to receive data.
"you will be able to format a disk"
58
Q
forthcoming (adj.) forthcomingness
A
adjective
adjective: forthcoming
1.
about to happen or appear.
"the forthcoming cricket season"
h
Similar:
imminent
impending coming approaching advancing nearing near future expected anticipated prospective close (close) at hand in store in the wind in the air in the offing in the pipeline on the horizon on the way on us about to happen on the cards h Opposite: past current 2. ready or made available when wanted or needed. "financial support was not forthcoming" h Similar: available made available ready at hand accessible obtainable at someone's disposal on offer obtained given vouchsafed to someone up for grabs on tap h Opposite: unavailable
willing to divulge information.
"she had never been forthcoming about her time in the States"
h
Similar:
communicative
expansive
informative
expressive
unreserved
59
Q
grant (v./n.) grantee, grantor grantable, granted
A
verb
verb: grant; 3rd person present: grants; past tense: granted; past participle: granted; gerund or present participle: granting
1.
agree to give or allow (something requested) to.
"they were granted a meeting"
h
Similar:
allow
accord permit afford concede vouchsafe h Opposite: refuse
give (a right, power, property, etc.) formally or legally to.
"they will grant you asylum"
h
Similar:
bestow on
confer on give impart to present with award to present to donate to contribute to provide with endow with hand out to furnish with supply with allocate to allot to
assign to
2. agree or admit to (someone) that (something) is true. "he hasn't made much progress, I'll grant you that" h Similar: admit accept concede yield cede allow appreciate recognize acknowledge confess agree concur go along with
h Opposite: deny
noun
noun: grant; plural noun: grants
a sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose.
"a research grant"
h
Similar:
endowment
subvention award donation bursary contribution allowance subsidy handout allocation allotment gift present scholarship sponsorship stipend
benefaction
formal
the action of granting something.
"we had to recommend the grant or refusal of broadcasting licences"
Law
a legal conveyance or formal conferment.
"a grant of probate"
Phrases
take for granted — fail to properly appreciate (someone or something), especially as a result of overfamiliarity.
“the comforts that people take for granted”
60
Q
ignorance (n.) ignore ignorer ignorant, ignorable ignorantly
A
noun
noun: ignorance
lack of knowledge or information.
"he acted in ignorance of basic procedures"
h
Similar:
incomprehension
unawareness unconsciousness inexperience innocence unfamiliarity with lack of enlightenment about lack of knowledge about lack of information about cluelessness nescience lack of knowledge lack of education unenlightenment benightedness lack of intelligence unintelligence stupidity foolishness idiocy denseness brainlessness mindlessness slow-wittedness thickness dimness dumbness dopiness doziness h Opposite: knowledge
education
Phrases
ignorance is bliss — if one is unaware of an unpleasant fact or situation one cannot be troubled by it.
“I don’t want to hear about them: ignorance is bliss in this case”
61
Q
implicate(v.)
A
verb
verb: implicate; 3rd person present: implicates; past tense: implicated; past participle: implicated; gerund or present participle: implicating
/ˈɪmplɪkeɪt/
1. show (someone) to be involved in a crime. "he was implicated in a price-fixing scandal" h Similar: incriminate
compromise involve connect embroil enmesh ensnare expose inculpate h Opposite: absolve
bear some of the responsibility for (an action or process, especially a criminal or harmful one). "viruses are known to be implicated in the development of certain cancers" h Similar: involve in
concern with
associate with
connect with
tie up with
2. convey (a meaning) indirectly through what one says, rather than stating it explicitly. "by saying that coffee would keep her awake, Mary implicated that she didn't want any" h Similar: imply suggest hint intimate say indirectly indicate insinuate give someone to understand give someone to believe convey the impression signal
make out
nounLogic
noun: implicate; plural noun: implicates
/ˈɪmplɪkət/
a thing implied.
62
Q
implicit (adj.) implicitness implicitly
A
adjective
adjective: implicit
1. suggested though not directly expressed. "comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies" h Similar: implied
indirect inferred understood hinted suggested deducible unspoken unexpressed undeclared unstated unsaid tacit unacknowledged silent taken for granted taken as read assumed inherent latent underlying inbuilt incorporated fundamental h Opposite: explicit direct 2. always to be found in; essentially connected with. "the values implicit in the school ethos" 3. with no qualification or question; absolute. "an implicit faith in God" h Similar: absolute complete entire total wholehearted perfect sheer utter unqualified unconditional unreserved unadulterated unalloyed undiluted positive unshaken unshakeable unhesitating unquestioning firm steadfast constant h Opposite: limited 4. Mathematics (of a function) not expressed directly in terms of independent variables.
63
Q
implement (v./n.) implementer
A
noun
noun: implement; plural noun: implements
/ˈɪmplɪm(ə)nt/
1.
a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose.
"garden implements"
h
Similar:
tool
utensil instrument device apparatus contrivance gadget contraption appliance machine labour-saving device
gizmo 2. Scots Law performance of an obligation.
verb
verb: implement; 3rd person present: implements; past tense: implemented; past participle: implemented; gerund or present participle: implementing
/ˈɪmplɪmɛnt/
put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect. "the scheme to implement student loans" h Similar: execute
apply
put into effect/action
put into practice
carry out
64
Q
impact (v./n.) impaction, impactor impacted, impactful
A
noun
noun: impact; plural noun: impacts
/ˈɪmpakt/
1. the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another. "there was the sound of a third impact" h Similar: collision
crash smash clash bump bang knock jolt thump whack thwack slam smack contact 2. a marked effect or influence. "our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment" h Similar: effect influence impression footprint results aftermath consequences repercussions ramifications reverberations
pay-off
verb
verb: impact; 3rd person present: impacts; past tense: impacted; past participle: impacted; gerund or present participle: impacting
/ɪmˈpakt/
1. come into forcible contact with another object. "the shell impacted twenty yards away" h Similar: crash into
smash into collide with be in collision with hit strike ram smack into slam into bang into cannon into plough into meet head-on dash against
North American come into forcible contact with. "an asteroid impacted the earth some 60 million years ago" press (something) firmly. "the animals' feet do not impact and damage the soil as cows' hooves do"
2. have a strong effect on someone or something. "high interest rates have impacted on retail spending" h Similar: affect influence have an effect have an influence exert influence
65
Q
immigrate (v.) immigrant
A
verbNorth American
verb: immigrate; 3rd person present: immigrates; past tense: immigrated; past participle: immigrated; gerund or present participle: immigrating
come to live permanently in a foreign country. "an Australian who immigrated to Britain in 1982" h Similar: migrate
move overseas
move abroad
relocate
resettle
defect
Origin
66
Q
incentive (n.) incentivize
A
noun
noun: incentive; plural noun: incentives
a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something. "give farmers an incentive to improve their land" h Similar: inducement
motivation motive reason stimulus stimulant spur impetus encouragement impulse incitement goad provocation attraction lure bait carrot sweetener come-on premium douceur h Opposite: deterrent disincentive
a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment. "tax incentives for investing in depressed areas"
67
Q
incidentally inclination, incliner inclinable
A
adverb
adverb: incidentally
1. used to add a further comment or a remark unconnected to the current subject; by the way. "incidentally, it was many months before the whole truth was discovered" h Similar: by the way
by the by(e) in passing en passant speaking of which while on the subject parenthetically BTW as it happens 2. in an incidental manner; as a chance occurrence. "the infection was discovered only incidentally at post-mortem examination" h Similar: by chance by accident accidentally fortuitously by a fluke
68
Q
incorporate (v.) incorporator
A
verb
verb: incorporate; 3rd person present: incorporates; past tense: incorporated; past participle: incorporated; gerund or present participle: incorporating
/ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/
1. take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; include. "he has incorporated in his proposals a number of measures" h Similar: absorb
include subsume assimilate integrate take in swallow up engulf consolidate embody comprise contain embrace build in encompass h Opposite: separate
combine (ingredients) into one substance. "add the cheeses and butter and process briefly to incorporate them" h Similar: blend
mix mingle combine put together merge fuse unite unify join bring together amalgamate integrate fold in stir whisk meld marry mesh compound alloy coalesce homogenize emulsify intermingle intermix blunge commingle
commix 2. constitute (a company, city, or other organization) as a legal corporation. "limited liability companies could only be incorporated under the 1930 Act"
adjective
adjective: incorporate
/ɪnˈkɔːp(ə)rət/
1.
another term for incorporated.
2.
literary
having a bodily form; embodied.
"through an incorporate resilience, slighted confidence restores itself"
69
Q
index (v./n.) indexation, indexer indexable, indexible
A
noun
noun: index; plural noun: indexes; plural noun: indices
1.
(in a book or set of books) an alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with reference to the pages on which they are mentioned.
"clear cross references supplemented by a thorough index"
an alphabetical list by title, author, or other category of a collection of books or documents, for example in a library.
h
Similar:
register
list listing inventory directory guide key catalogue
table of contents short for Index Librorum Prohibitorum. singular proper noun: Index Computing a set of items each of which specifies one of the records of a file and contains information about its address.
2. a sign or measure of something. "exam results may serve as an index of the teacher's effectiveness" h Similar: guide clue hint indication indicator lead sign signal mark token evidence symptom implication intimation suggestion
a figure in a system or scale representing the average value of specified prices, shares, or other items as compared with some reference figure. "the hundred-shares index closed down 9.3" a number giving the magnitude of a physical property or other measured phenomenon in terms of a standard. "the oral hygiene index was calculated as the sum of the debris and calculus indices"
3. Mathematics an exponent or other superscript or subscript number appended to a quantity. 4. a pointer on an instrument, showing a quantity, a position on a scale, etc. h Similar: pointer indicator needle hand finger
marker
Printing
a symbol shaped like a pointing hand, used to draw attention to a note.
verb
verb: index; 3rd person present: indexes; past tense: indexed; past participle: indexed; gerund or present participle: indexing
1.
record (names, subjects, etc.) in an index.
"the list indexes theses under regional headings"
provide an index to.
"she offered help in indexing my text book on bookselling"
2.
link the value of (prices, wages, or other payments) automatically to the value of a price index.
"the Supreme Soviet passed legislation indexing wages to prices"
3.
(of a machine or part of one) move from one predetermined position to another in order to carry out a sequence of operations.
"the pins are retracted and indexed to occupy an adjacent slotted position"
70
Q
induce (v.)
A
verb
verb: induce; 3rd person present: induces; past tense: induced; past participle: induced; gerund or present participle: inducing
1. succeed in persuading or leading (someone) to do something. "the pickets induced many workers to stay away" h Similar: persuade
convince prevail upon get make prompt move inspire instigate influence exert influence on press urge incite encourage impel actuate motivate coax into wheedle into cajole into talk into prod into procure twist someone's arm h Opposite: dissuade 2. bring about or give rise to. "none of these measures induced a change of policy" h Similar: bring about bring on cause be the cause of produce effect create give rise to generate originate instigate engender occasion set in motion develop lead to result in have as a consequence have as a result trigger off spark off whip up stir up kindle arouse rouse foster promote encourage beget enkindle effectuate h Opposite: prevent
produce (an electric charge or current or a magnetic state) by induction. "the current in the primary winding is induced by the rotating magnet" Physics cause (radioactivity) by bombardment with radiation. Biochemistry initiate or enhance (a biochemical process, especially the synthesis of an enzyme).
3.
Medicine
bring on (the birth of a baby) artificially, typically by the use of drugs.
“she was 11 days overdue when labour was induced”
bring on childbirth in (a pregnant woman) artificially, typically by the use of drugs. "Carol was induced just four days before her baby's due date"
4.
Logic
derive by inductive reasoning.
“from the experimental evidence, one infers or induces the hypothesis”
71
Q
infer (v.) inference inferable, inferential inferentially
A
verb
verb: infer; 3rd person present: infers; past tense: inferred; past participle: inferred; gerund or present participle: inferring
deduce or conclude (something) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. "from these facts we can infer that crime has been increasing" h Similar: deduce
reason
work out
conclude
come to the conclusion
72
Q
infrastructure (n.) infrastructural
A
noun
noun: infrastructure; plural noun: infrastructures
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. "the social and economic infrastructure of a country"
73
Q
inherent (adj.) inherence inherently
A
adjective
adjective: inherent
existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute. "any form of mountaineering has its inherent dangers" h Similar: intrinsic
innate immanent built-in inborn ingrained deep-rooted essential fundamental basic implicit structural characteristic organic inseparable permanent indelible ineradicable ineffaceable inexpungible natural instinctive instinctual congenital native connate connatural h Opposite: acquired alien
Law vested in (someone) as a right or privilege. Linguistics (of an adjective) having the same meaning in both attributive and predicative uses.
74
Q
inhibit (v.) inhibition, inhibitor inhibitory, inhibitive
A
verb
verb: inhibit; 3rd person present: inhibits; past tense: inhibited; past participle: inhibited; gerund or present participle: inhibiting
1.
hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process).
"cold inhibits plant growth"
h
Similar:
impede
hinder hamper hold back discourage interfere with obstruct put a brake on slow slow down retard curb check suppress repress restrict restrain constrain bridle rein in shackle fetter cramp balk frustrate arrest stifle smother prevent block thwart foil quash stop halt put an end/stop to nip in the bud h Opposite: assist encourage allow
prevent or prohibit (someone) from doing something. "the earnings rule inhibited some retired people from working" Physiology•Biochemistry (of a substance) slow down or prevent (a process, reaction, or function) or reduce the activity of (an enzyme or other agent).
2.
make (someone) self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way.
“they felt inhibited by the presence of healthcare professionals”
3.
(in ecclesiastical law) forbid (a member of the clergy) to exercise clerical functions.
75
Q
instance (v./n.)
A
noun
noun: instance; plural noun: instances
an example or single occurrence of something.
"a serious instance of corruption"
h
Similar:
example
occasion occurrence case representative case typical case case in point illustration specimen sample exemplar
exemplification
a particular case.
"in this instance it mattered little"
verb
verb: instance; 3rd person present: instances; past tense: instanced; past participle: instanced; gerund or present participle: instancing
cite (a fact, case, etc.) as an example. "I instanced Bob as someone whose commitment had certainly got things done" h Similar: cite
quote refer to make reference to mention allude to adduce give give as an example point to point out specify name identify bring up invoke draw attention to call attention to put forward present offer advance
propose
Phrases
at first instance
at the first court hearing concerning a case.
at the instance of
at the request or instigation of. “prosecution at the instance of the police”
for instance
as an example. “take Canada, for instance”
in the first instance
in the first place or at the first stage of a pro
76
Q
institute (v./n.) institutionalize
A
noun
noun: institute; plural noun: institutes
1.
an organization having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved with science, education, or a specific profession.
"the Institute of Architects"
h
Similar:
organization
establishment institution foundation centre academy school college university conservatory seminary centre of learning seat of learning society association federation group circle fellowship body league union alliance guild consortium concern
corporation 2. archaic a commentary, treatise, or summary of principles, especially concerning law. "Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England"
verb
verb: institute; 3rd person present: institutes; past tense: instituted; past participle: instituted; gerund or present participle: instituting
1. introduce or establish (a scheme, undertaking, or policy). "the state instituted a national lottery" h Similar: set in motion
put in motion get under way get going get off the ground get in operation start begin initiate launch lay the foundations of lay the first stone of sow the seeds of set up inaugurate found establish put in place organize get working get functioning activate actuate generate cause bring about start/get/set the ball rolling kick off commence h Opposite: halt cancel end
begin (legal proceedings) in a court. "she intended to institute divorce proceedings" h Similar: set in motion
put in motion get under way get going get off the ground get in operation start begin initiate launch lay the foundations of lay the first stone of sow the seeds of set up inaugurate found establish put in place organize get working get functioning activate actuate generate cause bring about start/get/set the ball rolling kick off commence h Opposite: halt cancel
end
2. appoint (someone) to a position, especially as a cleric. "his sons were instituted to the priesthood" h Similar: install instate induct invest inaugurate introduce admit into office swear in initiate ordain consecrate anoint enthrone
77
Q
input (v./n.) inputter
A
noun
noun: input; plural noun: inputs
1.
what is put in, taken in, or operated on by any process or system.
"there is little input from other members of the team"
a contribution of work or information.
"her input on issues was appreciated"
energy supplied to a device or system; an electrical signal.
"the input is a low-frequency signal"
the action of putting something in.
"the input of data to the system"
the information put into a computer.
h
Similar:
data
details material resources facts figures information statistics particulars specifics
info 2. Electronics a place where, or a device through which, energy or information enters a system. "the signal being fed through the main input"
verb
verb: input; 3rd person present: inputs; past tense: input; past participle: input; past tense: inputted; past participle: inputted; gerund or present participle: inputting
put (data) into a computer.
"test results can be inputted by the technician in the laboratory"
h
Similar:
feed in
put in load insert key in type in code capture
78
Q
instruct (v.)
A
verb
verb: instruct; 3rd person present: instructs; past tense: instructed; past participle: instructed; gerund or present participle: instructing
1.
tell or order someone to do something, especially in a formal or official way.
"she instructed him to wait"
h
Similar:
order
command direct tell enjoin give the order to give orders to give the command to require call on mandate charge dictate bid 2. teach (someone) a subject or skill. "he instructed them in the use of firearms" h Similar: teach school give lessons to coach train ground enlighten illuminate inform verse edify educate upskill tutor guide prepare prime din something into drill discipline 3. Law (of a client) employ or authorize (a solicitor or barrister) to act on one's behalf. "he must indicate which of the firms he wishes to instruct" h Similar: employ authorize to act for one brief give information to
(of a solicitor) give directions or information to (a barrister) regarding a court case. "she is skilled in interviewing clients and instructing counsel"
4. give information to (someone). "the bank was instructed that the money from the deposit account was now held by the company" h Similar: inform tell let someone know notify apprise advise
79
Q
integrate(v.)
A
verb
verb: integrate; 3rd person present: integrates; past tense: integrated; past participle: integrated; gerund or present participle: integrating
1. combine (one thing) with another to form a whole. "transport planning should be integrated with energy policy" h Similar: combine
amalgamate merge unite join fuse blend mingle coalesce consolidate meld intermingle mix intermix incorporate affiliate unify assimilate homogenize harmonize mesh desegregate commingle h Opposite: separate
combine (two things) so that they form a whole. "the problem of integrating the two approaches" (of a thing) combine with another to form a whole. "the stone will blend with the environment and integrate into the landscape"
2.
bring (people or groups with particular characteristics or needs) into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution.
“integrating children with special needs into ordinary schools”
come into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution. "she was anxious to integrate well into her husband's family" desegregate (a school, area, etc.), especially racially. "the protest forced the bus companies to integrate the buses"
3.
Mathematics
find the integral of.
“the velocity profile can be obtained by integrating this equation”
80
Q
intrinsic (adj.) intrinsically
A
adjective
adjective: intrinsic
belonging naturally; essential.
"access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life"
h
Similar:
inherent
innate inborn inbred congenital natural native constitutional built-in ingrained deep-rooted inseparable permanent indelible ineradicable ineffaceable integral basic fundamental underlying constitutive elemental essential vital necessary connate connatural h Opposite: extrinsic
acquired
Origin
81
Q
invoke (v.) invoker, invocation invocatory
A
verb
verb: invoke; 3rd person present: invokes; past tense: invoked; past participle: invoked; gerund or present participle: invoking
1.
call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration.
h
Similar:
pray to
call on appeal to plead with supplicate entreat solicit beseech beg implore importune petition call for request obtest obsecrate impetrate
summon (a spirit) by charms or incantation. h Similar: summon
call (up)
bring
conjure (up)
2. cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument. "the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England" h Similar: cite refer to adduce instance resort to have recourse to turn to call into use use put into effect/use h Opposite: waive
call earnestly for. "she invoked his help against this attack" give rise to; evoke. "how could she explain how the accident happened without invoking his wrath?" h Similar: bring forth
bring on elicit induce cause kindle
bring out
3.
Computing
cause (a procedure) to be carried out.
82
Q
justify (v)
A
verb
verb: justify; 3rd person present: justifies; past tense: justified; past participle: justified; gerund or present participle: justifying
1. show or prove to be right or reasonable. "the person appointed has fully justified our confidence" h Similar: give grounds for
give reasons for give a justification for show just cause for explain give an explanation for account for show/prove to be reasonable provide a rationale for rationalize defend answer for vindicate substantiate uphold sustain establish legitimize legitimatize
be a good reason for.
"the situation was grave enough to justify further investigation"
h
Similar:
warrant
be good reason for
be a justification for
bear out
confirm
validate
2.
Theology
declare or make righteous in the sight of God.
“one of the elect, justified by faith”
3.
Printing
adjust (a line of type or piece of text) so that the print fills a space evenly or forms a straight edge at the margin.
“in most European languages you justify text by adding space between letters and words”
83
Q
label (v./n.) labeler
A
noun
noun: label; plural noun: labels
1. a small piece of paper, fabric, plastic, or similar material attached to an object and giving information about it. "the alcohol content is clearly stated on the label" h Similar: tag
ticket tab sticker marker docket chit chitty flag stamp document documentation
a piece of fabric sewn inside a garment and bearing the brand name, size, or instructions for care. "a garment with the label ‘Laura Ashley’" the piece of paper in the centre of a record giving the artist and title. a company that produces recorded music. "independent labels" the name or trademark of a fashion company. "she plans to launch her own designer clothes label" h Similar: brand
brand name trade name trademark proprietary name line make
logo
2. a classifying phrase or name applied to a person or thing, especially one that is inaccurate or restrictive. "the label ‘salsa’ seems especially meaningless when applied to musicians like Tito Puente" h Similar: designation denomination description characterization identification tag name epithet nickname title sobriquet pet name byname appellation
cognomen
(in a dictionary entry) a word or words used to specify the subject area, register, or geographical origin of the word being defined.
"the italic part-of-speech label follows the pronunciation"
Computing
a string of characters used to refer to a particular instruction in a program.
Biology•Chemistry
a radioactive isotope, fluorescent dye, or enzyme used to make something identifiable for study.
"radioactive labels"
3.
Heraldry
a narrow horizontal strip, typically with three downward projections, that is superimposed on a coat of arms by an eldest son during the life of his father.
4.
Architecture
another term for dripstone.
verb
verb: label; 3rd person present: labels; past tense: labelled; past participle: labelled; gerund or present participle: labelling; past tense: labeled; past participle: labeled; gerund or present participle: labeling
1.
attach a label to (something).
"she labelled the parcels neatly, writing the addresses in capital letters"
h
Similar:
tag
attach labels to put labels on tab ticket stamp mark put stickers on docket flag 2. assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively. "many pupils felt that they were labelled as failures" h Similar: categorize classify class characterize describe designate identify mark stamp pronounce brand condemn pigeonhole stereotype typecast compartmentalize typify call name term dub nickname
Biology•Chemistry make (a substance, molecule, or cell) identifiable by replacing an atom with one of a distinctive radioactive isotope, or by attaching a fluorescent dye, enzyme, or other molecule. "insulin labelled with iodine-125 was used as a tracer"
84
Q
labor (v./n.) laborer, laborious,
laboriousness,
laborism, laborist
labored laboriously
A
noun
noun: labor; noun: Labor
1.
work, especially physical work.
"the price of repairs includes labour, parts, and VAT"
h
Similar:
work
toil employment exertion industry industriousness toiling hard work hard labour drudgery effort the sweat of one's brow donkey work menial work slog grind sweat elbow grease graft travail moil task job chore undertaking mission commission assignment h Opposite: rest leisure ease idleness
workers, especially manual workers, considered collectively.
"non-union casual labour"
h
Similar:
workers
employees workmen workforce staff working people blue-collar workers hands labourers labour force hired hands proletariat wage-earners manpower human resources personnel liveware
h Opposite: management workers considered as a social class or political force. "the labour movement" a government department concerned with a nation's workforce. modifier noun: Labour; modifier noun: Labor "the Labour Secretary"
2. the Labour Party. "the Labour leader" 3. the process of childbirth from the start of uterine contractions to delivery. "a woman in labour" h Similar: childbirth birth birthing delivery nativity contractions labour pains labour pangs labour throes parturition confinement accouchement lying-in childbed
travail
4.
rare
a group of moles.
"a labour of moles toils with the Earth"
verb
verb: labor
1.
work hard; make great effort.
"they laboured from dawn to dusk"
h
Similar:
work (hard)
toil slave (away) grub away plod away grind away sweat away struggle strive exert oneself overwork work one's fingers to the bone work like a Trojan/dog/slave slog away kill oneself plug away put one's back into something peg away graft drudge travail moil h Opposite: rest relax laze
work at an unskilled manual occupation. "he was eking out an existence by labouring" archaic till (the ground). "the land belonged to him who laboured it"
2. have difficulty in doing something despite working hard. "United laboured against confident opponents" h Similar: strive struggle endeavour work try hard make every effort do one's best do one's utmost do all one can give (it/something) one's all go all out fight push be at pains put oneself out apply oneself exert oneself bend/fall/lean over backwards give it one's best shot pull out all the stops
move or proceed with difficulty. "they laboured up a steep, tortuous track" (of an engine) work noisily and with difficulty. "the wheels churned, the engine labouring" (of a ship) roll or pitch heavily. "the seas ran high, and the ship laboured hard"
3.
(of a woman in childbirth) be in labour.
“she laboured very well and comfortably because she was relaxed”
85
Q
layer (v./n.) layering
A
noun
noun: layer; plural noun: layers
1. a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body. "arrange a layer of aubergines in a dish" h Similar: coating
sheet coat surface film covering blanket skin veneer
thickness
a level of seniority in the hierarchy of an organization.
"a managerial layer"
2.
a person or thing that lays something.
"the majority of fish are egg-layers"
3.
a shoot fastened down to take root while attached to the parent plant.
"they can be increased from cuttings and layers"
verb
verb: layer; 3rd person present: layers; past tense: layered; past participle: layered; gerund or present participle: layering
1.
arrange in a layer or layers.
"in an ovenproof dish layer the potato and courgette slices"
cut (hair) in overlapping layers.
"we layered the hair to give her lots of styling alternatives"
2.
propagate (a plant) as a layer.
86
Q
levy (v./n.) leviable
A
verb
verb: levy; 3rd person present: levies; past tense: levied; past participle: levied; gerund or present participle: levying
1.
impose (a tax, fee, or fine).
"a tax of two per cent was levied on all cargoes"
h
Similar:
impose
charge exact demand raise collect gather tax mulct
impose a tax, fee, or fine on.
"there will be powers to levy the owner"
h
Similar:
impose
charge exact demand raise collect gather tax
mulct seize (property) to satisfy a legal judgement. "there were no goods to levy upon"
2. archaic enlist (someone) for military service. "he sought to levy one man from each vill for service" h Similar: conscript call up enlist mobilize rally muster marshal press recruit raise assemble round up draft h Opposite: demobilize
disband
begin to wage (war).
"they then proceeded without further ceremony to levy war upon the king"
noun
noun: levy; plural noun: levies
1. an act of levying a tax, fee, or fine. "police forces receive 49 per cent of their funding via a levy on the rates" h Similar: tax
tariff toll excise duty fee imposition impost exaction assessment tithe payment mulct taxation customs dues
a tax raised by levying. "we all pay a fossil fuel levy in our electricity bills" a sum collected as a supplement to an existing subscription. "the trade-union political levy" h Similar: imposition
charging
exaction
raising
collection
gathering an item or items of property seized to satisfy a legal judgement.
2.
historical
an act of enlisting troops.
“Edward I and Edward II had made substantial use of the feudal levy for raising an army”
a body of troops that have been enlisted.
"lightly armed local levies"
h
Similar:
conscripts
militia
87
Q
license (n./v.) licenser, licensee
A
verb
verb: license; 3rd person present: licenses; past tense: licensed; past participle: licensed; gerund or present participle: licensing; verb: licence; 3rd person present: licences; past tense: licenced; past participle: licenced; gerund or present participle: licencing
grant a licence to.
"a pub has to be licensed by the local justices"
h
Similar:
permit
allow authorize grant/give a licence to grant/give a permit to grant/give authorization to grant/give authority to grant/give the right to grant/give leave to grant/give permission to warrant certify accredit empower give power to entitle enable validate charter franchise give the stamp of approval to give approval to let recognize qualify sanction OK rubber-stamp h Opposite: ban forbid
authorize the use, performance, or release of (something). "the company expect that the drug will soon be licensed for use in the USA" h Similar: permit
allow authorize grant/give a licence to grant/give a permit to grant/give authorization to grant/give authority to grant/give the right to grant/give leave to grant/give permission to warrant certify accredit empower give power to entitle enable validate charter franchise give the stamp of approval to give approval to let recognize qualify sanction OK rubber-stamp h Opposite: ban forbid dated permit (someone) to do something. "he was licensed to do no more than send a message"
88
Q
major (v./n./adj.)
A
adjective
adjective: major
1.
important, serious, or significant.
"the use of drugs is a major problem"
h
Similar:
crucial
vital great considerable paramount utmost prime extensive important big significant weighty key sweeping substantial serious radical complicated difficult h Opposite: little unimportant trivial minor
greater or more important; main.
"he got the major share of the spoils"
h
Similar:
greatest
best finest most important chief main prime principal capital cardinal leading star foremost outstanding first-rate top-tier notable eminent pre-eminent arch- supreme uppermost
h
Opposite:
minor
(of a surgical operation) serious or life-threatening.
"he had to undergo major surgery"
2.
Music
(of a scale) having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees.
(of an interval) equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval.
"C to E is a major third"
(of a key) based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect.
"Prelude in G Major"
3.
dated•British
(appended to a surname in public schools) indicating the elder of two brothers.
4.
Logic
(of a term) occurring as the predicate in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism.
(of a premise) containing the major term in a categorical syllogism.
noun
noun: major; plural noun: majors
1.
a rank of officer in the army and the US air force, above captain and below lieutenant colonel.
an officer in charge of a section of band instruments.
"a trumpet major"
2.
Music
a major key, interval, or scale.
Bell-ringing
a system of change-ringing using eight bells.
3.
a major organization or competition.
"the majors have swept up the smaller independent companies in licensing deals"
4.
North American
a student's principal subject or course.
"many students would ignore courses outside their major"
a student specializing in a specified subject.
"a math major"
5.
Logic
a major term or premise.
6.
Bridge
short for major suit.
"South was anxious to mention his four-card major and bid one spade"
7.
Australian Rules Football
a goal.
verbNorth American•Australian
verb: major; 3rd person present: majors; past tense: majored; past participle: majored; gerund or present participle: majoring
specialize in (a particular subject) at college or university.
"I was trying to decide if I should major in drama or English"
89
Q
manipulate (v.)
A
verb
verb: manipulate; 3rd person present: manipulates; past tense: manipulated; past participle: manipulated; gerund or present participle: manipulating
1. handle or control (a tool, mechanism, information, etc.) in a skilful manner. "he manipulated the dials of the set" h Similar: operate
handle work control use employ utilize
alter, edit, or move (text or data) on a computer. "the pupils can manipulate the data or screen image" examine or treat (a part of the body) by feeling or moving it with the hand. "this system of healing is based on manipulating the ligaments of the spine" h Similar: massage
rub
knead
feel
palpate
2. control or influence (a person or situation) cleverly or unscrupulously. "the masses were deceived and manipulated by a tiny group" h Similar: exploit control influence use/turn to one's advantage manoeuvre engineer steer direct guide work orchestrate choreograph
alter or present (data) so as to mislead. "nations may still be able to manipulate their own data" h Similar: falsify
rig distort alter change doctor massage juggle tamper with fiddle with tinker with interfere with misrepresent fudge corrupt cook
fiddle
90
Q
manual (adj./n.) manually
A
adjective
adjective: manual
relating to or done with the hands.
"manual dexterity"
h
Similar:
done with one's hands
labouring
physical
blue-collar
(of a device) operated or controlled by hand, rather than automatically or electronically.
"a manual typewriter"
h
Similar:
hand-operated
hand non-automatic h Opposite: automatic mechanical using or working with the hands. "a manual labourer" h Similar: hand-operated hand non-automatic h Opposite: automatic
mechanical
noun
noun: manual; plural noun: manuals
1.
a book giving instructions or information.
"a computer manual"
h
Similar:
handbook
set of instructions instructions instruction book guide companion reference book ABC guidebook vade mecum bible enchiridion
historical (in the Christian Church) a book of the forms to be used by priests in the administration of the sacraments.
2.
a vehicle with manual transmission.
3.
an organ keyboard played with the hands not the feet.
91
Q
margin (n.) marginalize
A
noun
noun: margin; plural noun: margins
1.
the edge or border of something.
"the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean"
h
Similar:
edge
side bank verge border perimeter brink brim rim fringe boundary limits periphery bound extremity marge bourn skirt
the blank border on each side of the print on a page.
"the notations in the margin"
h
Similar:
leeway
latitude scope room room for manoeuvre room to spare space allowance extra
surplus a line ruled on paper to mark off a margin.
2. an amount by which something is won. "they won by a convincing 17-point margin" h Similar: gap majority amount difference measure/degree of difference
an amount of something included so as to be sure of success or safety.
"there was no margin for error"
h
Similar:
leeway
latitude scope room room for manoeuvre room to spare space allowance extra
surplus
the furthest limit of possibility, success, etc.
"the lighting is brighter than before but is still at the margins of acceptability"
a profit margin.
"launching these new products helped increase margins and market share"
Finance
a sum deposited with a broker to cover the risk of loss on a transaction or account.
Australian•New Zealand
an increment to a basic wage, paid for extra skill or responsibility.
verb
verb: margin; 3rd person present: margins; past tense: margined; past participle: margined; gerund or present participle: margining
1.
provide with an edge or border.
"the plant's leaves are margined with yellow"
archaic
annotate or summarize (a text) in the margins.
"these he deals forth as the notable Matters, margined for better Notice"
2.
deposit an amount of money with a broker as security for (an account or transaction).
"new contracts are margined with the winnings of previously held contracts"
Phrases
margin of error — a small amount that is allowed for in case of miscalculation or change of circumstances.
“it is well within the margin of error for this sort of calculation”
92
Q
mature (v./adj.) maturation
A
adjective
adjective: mature
1.
fully developed physically; full-grown.
"she was now a mature woman"
h
Similar:
adult
grown-up grown fully grown full-grown of age fully developed fully fledged in one's prime in full bloom nubile h Opposite: immature growing adolescent
(especially of a young person) having reached a stage of mental or emotional development characteristic of an adult. comparative adjective: maturer; superlative adjective: maturest "a young man mature beyond his years" h Similar: sensible
responsible adult level-headed reliable dependable discriminating shrewd practical wise sagacious experienced sophisticated h Opposite: immature childish (of thought or planning) careful and thorough. "on mature reflection he decided they should not go" h Similar: careful thorough deep considered methodical h Opposite: impulsive
unthinking used euphemistically to describe someone middle-aged or old. "Miss Walker was a mature lady when she married"
2.
having reached the most advanced stage in a process.
“Van Gogh’s mature work”
(of certain foods or drinks) ready for consumption.
"a rather nice mature Camembert"
h
Similar:
ripe
ripened mellow ready seasoned full-flavoured h Opposite: fresh
unripe
denoting an economy, industry, or market that has developed to a point where substantial expansion and investment no longer takes place.
"a mature, sophisticated economy"
3.
(of a bill, bond, etc.) due for payment or repayment.
verb
verb: mature; 3rd person present: matures; past tense: matured; past participle: matured; gerund or present participle: maturing
1.
(of a person or thing) become fully grown or developed.
"children mature at different ages"
h
Similar:
be fully grown
be full-grown be fully developed develop fully come of age become adult reach adulthood reach maturity develop grow evolve bloom blossom flourish thrive come to fruition
(of a person) reach an advanced stage of mental or emotional development. "he has matured and is ready to take on new responsibilities" h Similar: grow up
bloom blossom (with reference to certain foods or drinks) become or cause to become ready for consumption. "leave the cheese to mature" h Similar: ripen grow ripe become ripe mellow become mellow
age 2. (of an insurance policy, security, etc.) reach the end of its term and hence become payable. "when the policy matures it pays off the loan"
93
Q
mediate (v.) mediator, mediacy
A
verb
verb: mediate; 3rd person present: mediates; past tense: mediated; past participle: mediated; gerund or present participle: mediating
/ˈmiːdɪeɪt/
1. intervene in a dispute in order to bring about an agreement or reconciliation. "Wilson attempted to mediate between the powers to end the war" h Similar: arbitrate
conciliate moderate umpire referee act as peacemaker reconcile differences restore harmony make peace bring to terms liaise intervene step in intercede act as an intermediary interpose temporize
intervene in (a dispute) to bring about an agreement. "set up a tribunal to arbitrate and mediate disputes" h Similar: resolve
settle arbitrate in umpire reconcile mend clear up patch up bring about (an agreement or solution) by intervening in a dispute. "efforts to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict" h Similar: negotiate bring about effect make happen
effectuate
2. technical bring about (a result such as a physiological effect). "the right hemisphere plays an important role in mediating tactile perception of direction" h Similar: arbitrate conciliate moderate umpire referee act as peacemaker reconcile differences restore harmony make peace bring to terms liaise intervene step in intercede act as an intermediary interpose temporize
be a means of conveying.
"this important ministry of mediating the power of the word"
h
Similar:
convey
transmit communicate put across/over impart pass on hand on relate
reveal
form a link between.
"structures which mediate gender divisions"
adjective
adjective: mediate
/ˈmiːdɪət/
connected indirectly through another person or thing; involving an intermediate agency. "public law institutions are a type of mediate state administration"
94
Q
medium (adj./n.) mediumism
A
noun
noun: medium; plural noun: media; plural noun: mediums
1. an agency or means of doing something. "using the latest technology as a medium for job creation" h Similar: means of communication
means/mode of expression means method way form agency channel forum avenue approach vehicle voice organ instrument implement mechanism apparatus instrumentality
a means by which something is communicated or expressed. "here the Welsh language is the medium of instruction" h Similar: means of communication
means/mode of expression means method way form agency channel forum avenue approach vehicle voice organ instrument implement mechanism apparatus
instrumentality
2.
the intervening substance through which sensory impressions are conveyed or physical forces are transmitted.
“radio communication needs no physical medium between the two stations”
the substance in which an organism lives or is cultured. "these cells are grown in a nutrient-rich medium" h Similar: habitat
element environment surroundings milieu setting conditions circumstances ambience atmosphere a liquid (e.g. oil or water) with which pigments are mixed, with a binder, to make paint. h Similar: habitat element environment surroundings milieu setting conditions circumstances ambience
atmosphere
3. a particular form of storage material for computer files, such as magnetic tape or discs. 4. the material or form used by an artist, composer, or writer. "oil paint is the most popular medium for glazing" 5. a person claiming to be in contact with the spirits of the dead and to communicate between the dead and the living. h Similar: spiritualist clairvoyant mind reader fortune teller seer necromancer spiritist 6. the middle quality or state between two extremes; a reasonable balance. "there is a medium between being modest and boastful" h Similar: middle way middle course middle ground middle mean median mid point central point centre average norm standard compromise balance happy medium golden mean
h Opposite: extreme
adjective
adjective: medium
about halfway between two extremes of size or another quality; average. "John is six feet tall, of medium build" h Similar: average
middling medium-sized middle-sized moderate fair normal standard usual
h Opposite: extreme
95
Q
minimal (adj.) minimalize minimalism
A
adjective
adjective: minimal
1. of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree; negligible. "the aircraft suffered minimal damage" h Similar: very little
minimum the smallest amount of slightest least least possible minutest tiniest littlest nominal token negligible next to no h Opposite: maximal 2. Art characterized by the use of simple forms or structures, especially geometric or massive ones.
characterized by simplicity and lack of adornment or decoration. "minimal, simple evening dresses in luxurious fabrics"
3.
Music
characterized by the repetition and gradual alteration of short phrases.
4.
Linguistics
(of a pair of forms) distinguished by only one feature.
“‘p’ and ‘b’ are a minimal pair, distinguished by the feature of voicing”
96
Q
ministry (n.) minister, ministership ministerial ministerially
A
noun
noun: ministry; plural noun: ministries
1.
(in certain countries) a government department headed by a minister.
"the Ministry of Defence"
h
Similar:
government department
department bureau agency office 2. the work or vocation of a minister of religion. "he is training for the ministry" h Similar: holy orders the priesthood the cloth the church
the period of tenure of a minister of religion. "a tablet in the church commemorates his ministry there" the spiritual work or service of a Christian or a group of Christians, especially evangelism. "a ministry of Christian healing" h Similar: teaching
preaching
evangelism
3. (in certain countries) a period of government under one prime minister. "Gladstone's first ministry was outstanding" h Similar: period of office term (of office) administration incumbency 4. rare the action of ministering to someone. "the soldiers were no less in need of his ministry"
97
Q
mode (n.) modeler modeling
A
noun
noun: mode; plural noun: modes
1. a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done. "his preferred mode of travel was a kayak" h Similar: manner
way fashion means method system style approach technique procedure process methodology modus operandi form routine practice
an option allowing a change in the method of operation of a device, especially a camera.
"a camcorder in automatic mode"
h
Similar:
function
position
operation
role
capacity Computing a way of operating or using a system. "some computers provide several so-called processor modes" Physics any of the distinct kinds or patterns of vibration of an oscillating system. Logic the character of a modal proposition (whether necessary, contingent, possible, or impossible). Logic•Grammar another term for mood2.
2. a fashion or style in clothes, art, literature, etc. "in the Seventies the mode for active wear took hold" h Similar: fashion vogue current/latest style style look trend latest thing latest taste craze rage fad general tendency convention custom practice dernier cri 3. Statistics the value that occurs most frequently in a given set of data. 4. Music a set of musical notes forming a scale and from which melodies and harmonies are constructed.
98
Q
motive (n./adj.) motivate
A
noun
noun: motive; plural noun: motives
1.
a reason for doing something.
"police were unable to establish a motive for his murder"
h
Similar:
reason
motivation motivating force rationale grounds cause basis occasion thinking the whys and wherefores object purpose intention design incentive inducement impulse incitement influence lure inspiration stimulus stimulation spur goad provocation pressure persuasion consideration 2. a motif in art, literature, or music. h Similar: motif theme idea concept subject topic leitmotif trope
element
adjective
adjective: motive
1. producing physical or mechanical motion. "the charge of gas is the motive force for every piston stroke" h Similar: kinetic
driving impelling propelling propulsive operative moving motor 2. causing or being the reason for something. "the motive principle of a writer's work"
99
Q
negate (v.)
A
verb
verb: negate; 3rd person present: negates; past tense: negated; past participle: negated; gerund or present participle: negating
1.
make ineffective; nullify.
"alcohol negates the effects of the drug"
h
Similar:
invalidate
nullify render null and void render invalid make ineffective neutralize cancel (out) undo reverse annul void revoke rescind abrogate repeal retract countermand overrule overturn avoid h Opposite: confirm support validate 2. Logic•Grammar make (a clause, sentence, or proposition) negative in meaning. 3. deny the existence of. "negating the political nature of education" h Similar: deny dispute call into question contradict refute rebut
100
Q
network (n./v.) networker networking
A
noun
noun: network; plural noun: networks
1. an arrangement of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines. "a spider constructs a complex network of several different kinds of threads" h Similar: web
criss-cross grid lattice net matrix mesh webbing tracery trellis webwork meshwork latticework openwork filigree fretwork réseau reticulum plexus rete reticulation reticule graticule 2. a group or system of interconnected people or things. "the company has a network of 326 branches" h Similar: system complex complex system/arrangement nexus web neural net grapevine bush telegraph old boy network the old school tie
a complex system of railways, roads, or other routes.
"the railway network"
h
Similar:
maze
labyrinth
warren
jungle
tangle
a group of people who exchange information and contacts for professional or social purposes.
"a support network"
a group of broadcasting stations that connect for the simultaneous broadcast of a programme.
"network television"
a number of interconnected computers, machines, or operations.
"a computer network"
a system of connected electrical conductors.
verb
verb: network; 3rd person present: networks; past tense: networked; past participle: networked; gerund or present participle: networking
1.
connect as or operate with a network.
"compared with the railways the canals were less effectively networked"
British
broadcast (a programme) on a network.
"the Spurs match which ITV had networked"
link (computers or other machines) to operate interactively.
"more and more PCs are networked together"
2.
interact with others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts.
"it's so important to network when starting a new business"
101
Q
nevertheless (adv.)
A
adverb
adverb: nevertheless
in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same. "statements which, although literally true, are nevertheless misleading" h Similar: in spite of that/everything
nonetheless even so however but still
102
Q
nonetheless (adv.)
A
adverb
adverb: nonetheless; adverb: none the less
in spite of that; nevertheless.
"it was the barest of welcomes, but it was a welcome nonetheless"
h
Similar:
in spite of that/everything
nevertheless even so however but still
103
Q
norm (n.) normativeness
A
noun
noun: norm; noun: the norm
1.
something that is usual, typical, or standard.
"strikes were the norm"
h
Similar:
standard
usual normal typical average the rule predictable unexceptional par for the course what one would expect expected (only) to be expected h Opposite: the exception
a standard or pattern, especially of social behaviour, that is typical or expected. plural noun: norms "the norms of good behaviour in the Civil Service" h Similar: convention
standard criterion measure gauge yardstick benchmark point of reference touchstone barometer litmus test basis scale rule formula pattern guide guideline model exemplar
type
a required standard; a level to be complied with or reached.
"the 7 per cent pay norm had been breached again"
2.
Mathematics
the product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components, or the positive square root of this sum.
an analogous quantity used to represent the magnitude of a vector.
verb
verb: norm; 3rd person present: norms; past tense: normed; past participle: normed; gerund or present participle: norming
adjust (something) to conform to a norm.
104
Q
notion (n.) notional notionally
A
noun
noun: notion; plural noun: notions
1. a conception of or belief about something. "children have different notions about the roles of their parents" h Similar: idea
belief concept conception conviction opinion view thought impression image perception mental picture assumption presumption hypothesis theory supposition feeling funny feeling suspicion sneaking suspicion hunch understanding awareness knowledge clue inkling the foggiest idea/notion 2. an impulse or desire, especially one of a whimsical kind. "she had a notion to ring her friend at work" h Similar: impulse inclination whim desire wish fancy caprice whimsy 3. North American items used in sewing, such as buttons, pins, and hooks.
105
Q
notwithstanding (prep)
A
preposition
preposition: notwithstanding
in spite of.
"notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict"
h
Similar:
in spite of
despite
regardless of
for all
adverb
adverb: notwithstanding
nevertheless; in spite of this.
"I didn't like it. Notwithstanding, I remained calm"
h
Similar:
nevertheless
nonetheless even so all the same in spite of this/that despite this/that after everything however still yet be that as it may having said that that said for all that just the same anyway in any event at any rate at all events when all is said and done withal
howbeit
conjunction
conjunction: notwithstanding
although; in spite of the fact that.
"notwithstanding that the hall was packed with bullies, our champion played on steadily and patiently"
h
Similar:
although
in spite of the fact that
despite the fact that
even though
106
Q
nuclear (adj.)
A
adjective
adjective: nuclear
1.
relating to the nucleus of an atom.
"nuclear chemistry"
denoting, relating to, or powered by the energy released in nuclear fission or fusion.
"nuclear submarines"
denoting, possessing, or involving weapons using nuclear energy.
"nuclear warheads"
2.
Biology
relating to the nucleus of a cell.
"nuclear DNA"
107
Q
objective (n./adj.) objectivize
A
adjective
adjective: objective
1. (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts. "historians try to be objective and impartial" h Similar: impartial
unbiased unprejudiced non-partisan disinterested non-discriminatory neutral uninvolved even-handed equitable fair fair-minded just open-minded dispassionate detached impersonal unemotional clinical h Opposite: biased partial prejudiced
not dependent on the mind for existence; actual.
"a matter of objective fact"
h
Similar:
factual
actual real empirical verifiable existing manifest
h
Opposite:
subjective
2.
Grammar
relating to or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns serving as the object of a transitive verb or a preposition.
noun
noun: objective; plural noun: objectives; noun: the objective; noun: objective lens; plural noun: objective lenses
1.
a thing aimed at or sought; a goal.
"the system has achieved its objective"
h
Similar:
aim
intention purpose target goal intent object end end in view grail holy grail idea design plan scheme ambition aspiration desire hope the point the object of the exercise 2. Grammar the objective case. 3. the lens in a telescope or microscope nearest to the object observed. "examine with high power objective"
108
Q
offset (v.)
A
noun
noun: offset; plural noun: offsets; noun: off-set; plural noun: off-sets
/ˈɒfsɛt/
1.
a consideration or amount that diminishes or balances the effect of an opposite one.
"widow's bereavement allowance is an offset against income"
2.
the amount or distance by which something is out of line.
"these wheels have an offset of four inches"
Surveying
a short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line of measurement.
Electronics
a small deviation or bias in a voltage or current.
"offset adjustment circuits"
3.
a side shoot from a plant serving for propagation.
"a present of tulip bulbs, offsets, and seeds for his garden"
a spur in a mountain range.
4.
Architecture
a sloping ledge in a wall or other feature where the thickness of the part above is diminished.
5.
a bend in a pipe to carry it past an obstacle.
"allow for any bend you need including offsets for connecting the downpipe"
6.
a method of printing in which ink is transferred from a plate or stone to a uniform rubber surface and from that to the paper.
"they produced banknotes by offset"
verb
verb: offset; 3rd person present: offsets; past tense: offset; past participle: offset; gerund or present participle: offsetting; verb: off-set; 3rd person present: off-sets; past tense: off-set; past participle: off-set; gerund or present participle: off-setting
/ˈɒfsɛt,ɒfˈsɛt/
1. counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or effect. "donations to charities can be offset against tax" h Similar: counterbalance
balance balance out cancel cancel out even out/up counteract counterpoise countervail equalize neutralize nullify compensate for make up for make good redeem indemnify atone for redress make amends for make restitution for equilibrize 2. place out of line. "several places where the ridge was offset at right angles to its length" 3. (of ink or a freshly printed page) transfer an impression to the next leaf or sheet. "there was some offsetting on to text"
109
Q
orient (v.) orientate orientation
A
noun
singular proper noun: Orient; noun: the Orient; noun: orient
/ˈɔːrɪənt,ˈɒrɪənt/
1.
literary
the countries of the East, especially East Asia.
"the treasures of the Orient"
2.
the special lustre of a pearl of the finest quality (with reference to fine pearls from the East).
a pearl of the finest quality.
plural noun: orients
adjective
adjective: orient
/ˈɔːrɪənt,ˈɒrɪənt/
1.
literary
situated in or belonging to the east; oriental.
"orient kings"
(of the sun, daylight, etc.) rising.
"the orient moon"
2.
(especially of precious stones) lustrous.
verb
verb: orient; 3rd person present: orients; past tense: oriented; past participle: oriented; gerund or present participle: orienting; adjective: -oriented
/ˈɔːrɪɛnt,ˈɒrɪɛnt/
1. align or position (something) relative to the points of a compass or other specified positions. "the fires are oriented in direct line with the midsummer sunset" h Similar: align
place position put dispose situate set orientate
find one's position in relation to unfamiliar surroundings. "there were no street names to enable her to orient herself" h Similar: get/find one's bearings
get the lie of the land
establish one’s location
feel one’s way
orientate
orient oneself guide (someone) in a specified direction. "we were oriented towards the building"
2. tailor or adapt (something) to specified circumstances. "magazines oriented to the business community" h Similar: aim direct slant angle pitch steer design intend
110
Q
output (n./v.) outputter
A
noun
noun: output; plural noun: outputs
1.
the amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry.
"output from the mine ceased in May"
h
Similar:
production
product amount/quantity produced yield harvest return volume gross national product gross domestic product out-turn achievement accomplishment solutions works writings creation
oeuvre
the action or process of producing something.
"the output of certain hormones under stress"
the power, energy, or other results supplied by a device or system.
"high voltage output: 50–250 amps"
2.
Electronics
a place where power or information leaves a system.
verb
verb: output; 3rd person present: outputs; past tense: output; past participle: output; past tense: outputted; past participle: outputted; gerund or present participle: outputting
(of a computer or other device) produce, deliver, or supply (data). "you can output the image directly to a video recording system"
111
Q
overseas (adv./adj.)
A
adverb
adverb: overseas; adverb: oversea; adverb: over-sea
/əʊvəˈsiːz/
in or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. "he spent quite a lot of time working overseas"
adjective
adjective: overseas; adjective: oversea; adjective: over-seas; adjective: over-sea
/ˈəʊvəsiːz/
from, to, or relating to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. "overseas trips"
Phrases
from overseas — from abroad.
112
Q
panel (n.) panelling
A
noun
noun: panel; plural noun: panels
1.
a flat or curved component, typically rectangular, that forms or is set into the surface of a door, wall, or ceiling.
"a layer of insulating material should be placed between the panels and the wall"
a thin piece of metal forming part of the outer shell of a vehicle.
"body panels for the car trade"
a piece of material forming part of a garment.
"the dress has a panel of lace over the bodice"
a decorated area within a larger design containing a separate subject.
"the central panel depicts the Crucifixion"
one of several drawings making up a cartoon strip.
"the cartoon strip has four panels"
2.
a flat board on which instruments or controls are fixed.
"a control panel"
h
Similar:
console
instrument panel fascia board dashboard instruments controls dials 3. a small group of people brought together to investigate or decide on a particular matter. "an interview panel" h Similar: group advisory group team body committee jury council board
commission
British
a list of medical practitioners registered in a district as accepting patients under the National Health Service or, formerly, the National Insurance Act.
North American
a list of available jurors or a jury.
4.
Scots Law
a person or people charged with an offence.
verb
verb: panel; 3rd person present: panels; past tense: panelled; past participle: panelled; gerund or present participle: panelling; past tense: paneled; past participle: paneled; gerund or present participle: paneling
cover (a wall or other surface) with panels. "we panelled the wall around the window"
113
Q
paradigm (n.) paradigmatic paradigmatically
A
noun
noun: paradigm; plural noun: paradigms
1. a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model. "society's paradigm of the ‘ideal woman’" h Similar: model
pattern example standard prototype archetype ideal gauge criterion paragon exemplar
a world view underlying the theories and methodology of a particular scientific subject. "the discovery of universal gravitation became the paradigm of successful science"
2.
Linguistics
a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.
“English determiners form a paradigm: we can say ‘a book’ or ‘his book’ but not ‘a his book’”
3.
(in the traditional grammar of Latin, Greek, and other inflected languages) a table of all the inflected forms of a particular verb, noun, or adjective, serving as a model for other words of the same conjugation or declension.
114
Q
parallel (n./v/adj.) parallelize parallelization
A
adjective
adjective: parallel
1.
(of lines, planes, or surfaces) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
"parallel lines never meet"
h
Similar:
side by side
aligned collateral equidistant 2. occurring or existing at the same time or in a similar way; corresponding. "a parallel universe" h Similar: similar analogous comparable corresponding like resembling much the same of a kind akin related kindred equivalent correspondent homologous analogical cognate coequal matching duplicate coexisting coexistent concurrent contemporaneous simultaneous synchronous h Opposite: different dissimilar
divergent 3. of or denoting electrical components or circuits connected to common points at each end, rather than one to another in sequence. 4. Computing involving the simultaneous performance of operations. "highly parallel multiprocessor systems"
noun
noun: parallel; plural noun: parallels; noun: parallel of latitude; plural noun: parallels of latitude
1. a person or thing that is similar or analogous to another. "a challenge which has no parallel in peacetime this century" h Similar: counterpart
analogue equivalent likeness correspondent match twin duplicate equal coequal mirror homologue
a similarity or comparison.
"she draws a parallel between personal destiny and social forces"
h
Similar:
similarity
likeness resemblance analogy correspondence equivalence correlation comparison relation symmetry parity parallelism similitude
coequality 2. each of the imaginary parallel circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface. 3. Printing two parallel lines (‖) as a reference mark.
verb
verb: parallel; 3rd person present: parallels; past tense: paralleled; past participle: paralleled; gerund or present participle: paralleling
1. be side by side with (something extending in a line), always keeping the same distance; run or lie parallel to. "a big concrete gutter that paralleled the road" 2. be similar or corresponding to. "the increase in the quality of wines has paralleled the rise of interest in food" h Similar: resemble
be similar to be like bear a resemblance to correspond to be analogous to be comparable/equivalent to compare with equate with/to correlate with imitate echo remind one of duplicate mirror repeat recreate follow match be in harmony with chime (in) with coincide with keep pace with equal rival emulate
touch
Phrases
in parallel — occurring at the same time and having some connection.
“various elements of the booster station have been developed in parallel”
115
Q
perceive (v.) perceiver perceivable
A
verb
verb: perceive; 3rd person present: perceives; past tense: perceived; past participle: perceived; gerund or present participle: perceiving
1. become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. "his mouth fell open as he perceived the truth" h Similar: discern
recognize become cognizant of become aware of become conscious of get/come to know tell distinguish grasp understand take in make out find identify hit on comprehend apprehend figure out deduce conclude see discover learn appreciate realize ascertain sense divine intuit catch on to have an aha moment twig cognize
become aware of (something) by the use of one of the senses, especially that of sight. "he perceived the faintest of flushes creeping up her neck" h Similar: see
make out pick out discern detect catch sight of spot observe glimpse notice recognize identify hear smell sniff (out) scent nose out feel taste
sense
2. interpret or regard (someone or something) in a particular way. "if Guy does not perceive himself as disabled, nobody else should" h Similar: look on view regard consider think of judge deem
116
Q
period (n.) periodize periodicity
A
noun
noun: period; plural noun: periods; noun: menstrual period; plural noun: menstrual periods
1.
a length or portion of time.
"he had long periods of depression"
h
Similar:
time
spell interval stretch term span phase session bout run space duration chapter stage while patch
a portion of time in the life of a nation, civilization, etc. characterized by the same prevalent features or conditions.
"the early medieval period"
h
Similar:
era
age epoch time days years aeon generation date a major division of geological time that is a subdivision of an era and is itself subdivided into epochs. "the Cretaceous period" each of the set divisions of the day in a school allocated to a lesson or other activity. "two periods of PE are allocated on the timetable" h Similar: lesson class
session each of the divisions of the playing time of a sporting event. "the Lightnings ran at the Leafs hard in a very rough first period"
2.
Physics
the interval of time between successive occurrences of the same state in an oscillatory or cyclic phenomenon, such as a mechanical vibration, an alternating current, a variable star, or an electromagnetic wave.
Astronomy the time taken by a celestial object to rotate about its axis, or to make one circuit of its orbit. Mathematics the interval between successive equal values of a periodic function.
3. a flow of blood and other material from the lining of the uterus, occurring in non-pregnant women at intervals of about 28 days between puberty and the menopause and typically lasting for a few days. "she's got her period" h Similar: menstruation menstrual flow the curse monthlies time of the month menses time flowers 4. North American a punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation; a full stop. h Similar: point stop full stop full point
informal•North American added to the end of a statement to indicate that no further discussion is possible or desirable. "he is the sole owner of the trademark, period" h Similar: and that's that
finis
full stop
5.
Chemistry
a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.
6.
Rhetoric
a complex sentence, especially one consisting of several clauses, constructed as part of a formal speech or oration.
Music
a complete idea, typically consisting of two or four phrases.
adjective
adjective: period
belonging to or characteristic of a past historical time, especially in style or design. "an attractive and beautifully modernized period house"
Phrases
put a period to — put an end to.
“in dry climates, the onset of summer drought may put a period to plant activity”
117
Q
persist (v.) persistence
A
verb
verb: persist; 3rd person present: persists; past tense: persisted; past participle: persisted; gerund or present participle: persisting
continue in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition. "the minority of drivers who persist in drinking" h Similar: persevere
continue carry on go on keep at it keep on keep going keep it up not give up be persistent be determined see/follow something through show determination press on/ahead plod on plough on stay with something not take no for an answer be tenacious be pertinacious insist be patient be diligent stand one's ground stand fast/firm hold on hold out go the distance stay the course grind away struggle on hammer away stop at nothing leave no stone unturned plug away peg away stick at it soldier on hang on stick to one's guns stick it out hang in there bash on h Opposite: abandon stop
continue to exist; be prolonged.
"if the symptoms persist for more than a few days, then contact your doctor"
h
Similar:
continue
hold carry on last keep on keep up remain
118
Q
phase (n/v.) phasic, phasing
A
noun
noun: phase; plural noun: phases
1.
a distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or development.
"the final phases of the war"
h
Similar:
stage
period chapter episode part step point time juncture
a stage in a person's psychological development, especially a period of temporary difficulty during adolescence or a particular stage during childhood. "most of your fans are going through a phase" h Similar: period
stage
time
spell
patch each of the separate events in an eventing competition.
2. each of the aspects of the moon or a planet, according to the amount of its illumination, especially the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon, and the last quarter. h Similar: aspect shape form appearance state
condition
3.
Zoology
a genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration.
"the invertebrate residents of the tundra pass the winter in dormant phase"
4.
Chemistry
a distinct and homogeneous form of matter (i.e. a particular solid, liquid, or gas) separated by its surface from other forms.
"solid carbon dioxide passes directly into the gas phase without becoming a liquid"
5.
Physics
the relationship in time between the successive states or cycles of an oscillating or repeating system (such as an alternating electric current or a light or sound wave) and either a fixed reference point or the states or cycles of another system with which it may or may not be in synchrony.
"there are two output channels, one fixed in phase and the other variable in phase between 0 and 360 degrees"
each of the electrical windings or connections of a polyphase machine or circuit.
6.
Linguistics
(in systemic grammar) the relationship between a catenative verb and the verb that follows it, as in she hoped to succeed and I like swimming.
a structure containing two verbs in a phase.
verb
verb: phase; 3rd person present: phases; past tense: phased; past participle: phased; gerund or present participle: phasing
1.
carry out (something) in gradual stages.
"the work is being phased over a number of years"
introduce something into (or withdraw something from) use in gradual stages.
"the changes will be phased in over 10 years"
h
Similar:
introduce gradually
incorporate by stages begin using ease in start using eliminate gradually discontinue get rid of by stages stop using ease off run down wind down wind up deactivate finish
end 2. Physics adjust the phase of (something), especially so as to synchronize it with something else. "about 70% of the reflections were phased by this method"
Phrases
in phase
being or happening in synchrony or harmony. “the cabling work should be carried out in phase with the building work”
out of phase
being or happening out of synchrony or harmony. “database operations tend to be out of phase with user
119
Q
plus (n./adj./preposition)
A
preposition
preposition: plus
1.
with the addition of.
"two plus four is six"
h
Similar:
and
added to
increased by
with the addition of
informal
together with.
"all apartments have a small kitchen plus private bathroom"
h
Similar:
as well as
together with along with in addition to added to and not to mention besides coupled with with
h
Opposite:
minus
2.
(of temperature) above zero.
"the temperature is frequently plus 35 degrees at midday"
adjective
adjective: plus
1.
(after a number or amount) at least.
"companies put losses at $500,000 plus"
(after a grade) rather better than.
"B plus"
2.
(before a number) above zero; positive.
"plus 60 degrees centigrade"
3.
having a positive electric charge.
noun
noun: plus; plural noun: pluses; plural noun: plusses
1.
short for plus sign.
a mathematical operation of addition.
"a minus and a plus make another minus"
2.
an advantage.
"knowing the language is a decided plus"
h
Similar:
advantage
good point plus point asset pro benefit added advantage additional benefit fringe benefit bonus extra added extra perk dividend attraction attractive feature beauty perquisite h Opposite: disadvantage drawback
minus
conjunctioninformal
conjunction: plus
furthermore; also. "it's packed full of medical advice, plus it keeps you informed about the latest research"
Phrases
on the plus side
used to introduce a positive statement. “on the plus side, the staff are enthusiastic and good-natured”
plus or minus
used to define the margin of error of an estimate or calculation. “the coral was estimated to be 840 years
120
Q
practitioner (n.)
A
noun
noun: practitioner; plural noun: practitioners
a person actively engaged in an art, discipline, or profession, especially medicine. "patients are treated by skilled practitioners"
121
Q
precede (v.) precedence
A
verb
verb: precede; 3rd person present: precedes; past tense: preceded; past participle: preceded; gerund or present participle: preceding
come before (something) in time.
"a gun battle had preceded the explosions"
h
Similar:
go/come before
go in advance of lead up to lead to pave the way for prepare the way for set the scene for herald introduce usher in antecede predate antedate forego prevene h Opposite: follow succeed
come before in order or position. "take time to read the chapters that precede the recipes" go in front or ahead of. "he let her precede him through the gate" h Similar: go ahead of
go in front of go before go first lead the way preface or introduce something with. "he preceded the book with a collection of poems" h Similar: preface prefix introduce begin open launch
122
Q
preliminary (adj./n.)
A
adjective
adjective: preliminary
preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.
"a preliminary draft"
h
Similar:
preparatory
introductory initial opening prefatory prior preceding lead-in initiatory precursory early advance exploratory pilot test trial experimental explorative precursive prodromal prodromic preludial prelusive prelusory qualifying eliminating h Opposite: concluding closing
final
noun
noun: preliminary; plural noun: preliminaries
a preliminary action or event.
"the bombardment was resumed as a preliminary to an infantry attack"
h
Similar:
prelude
preparation preliminary action overture groundwork first round
business or talk, especially of a formulaic or polite nature, taking place before an action or event. "she began speaking, without preliminaries" h Similar: introduction
preamble
opening
opening/prefatory remarks
formalities
a preliminary round in a sporting competition.
the prelims of a text.
Phrases
preliminary to — preparatory to; in advance of.
123
Q
presume (v.) presumption
A
verb
verb: presume; 3rd person present: presumes; past tense: presumed; past participle: presumed; gerund or present participle: presuming
1. suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability. "I presumed that the man had been escorted from the building" h Similar: assume
suppose dare say imagine take it expect believe think surmise guess judge trust conjecture speculate postulate posit hypothesize deduce divine infer conclude presuppose take for granted take as read
take for granted that something exists or is the case. "the argument presumes that only one person can do the work"
2. be arrogant or impertinent enough to do something. "kindly don't presume to issue me orders in my own house" h Similar: venture dare have the temerity have the audacity have the effrontery be so bold as make so bold as go so far as take the liberty of
make unjustified demands; take liberties. "forgive me if I have presumed" unjustifiably regard (something) as entitling one to privileges. "he was wary of presuming on the close friendship between them" h Similar: take advantage of
take unfair advantage of
exploit
take liberties with
124
Q
prime (adj.) primacy, primeness primal primally
A
adjective
adjective: prime
1.
of first importance; main.
"a nurse's prime concern is the well-being of the patient"
h
Similar:
main
chief key primary central principal foremost first most important paramount major dominant supreme overriding cardinal pre-eminent ultimate number-one fundamental basic essential elemental vital h Opposite: secondary subordinate
from which another thing may derive or proceed. "Diogenes' conclusion that air is the prime matter"
2. of the best possible quality; excellent. "prime cuts of meat" h Similar: top-quality highest quality top top-tier best first-class first-rate high-grade grade A superior supreme flawless choice select finest superlative peak optimal model excellent marvellous magnificent superb fine wonderful exceptional formidable top of the range top of the line tip-top A1 stellar top-notch h Opposite: inferior
having all the typical characteristics of something. "the novel is a prime example of the genre" h Similar: archetypal
prototypical typical classic ideal excellent standard stock conventional characteristic
quintessential
most suitable or likely.
"any hospital with high costs is a prime candidate for closure"
3.
Mathematics
(of a number) divisible only by itself and unity (e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).
(of two or more numbers in relation to each other) having no common factor but unity.
"a congruence whose modulus is a number prime to b"
noun
noun: prime; plural noun: primes
1.
the state or time of greatest vigour or success in a person's life.
"you're in the prime of life"
h
Similar:
heyday
best days/years day time prime of one's life maturity youth springtime salad days bloom flowering full flowering perfection peak pinnacle height high point/spot zenith ascendancy
archaic the beginning of something. "the prime of the world"
2.
Christian Church
a service forming part of the Divine Office of the Western Church, traditionally said at the first hour of the day (i.e. 6 a.m.), but now little used.
3.
a prime number.
4.
Printing
a symbol (ʹ) written after a letter or symbol as a distinguishing mark or after a figure as a symbol for minutes or feet.
5.
Fencing
the first of eight parrying positions, used to protect the upper inside of the body, with the sword hand at head height in pronation and the tip of the blade pointing downwards.
6.
a special section in a cycle race, attracting a special prize.
125
Q
principal (adj.) principalship principally
A
adjective
adjective: principal
1.
first in order of importance; main.
"the country's principal cities"
h
Similar:
main
chief primary leading foremost first most important predominant dominant (most) prominent key crucial vital essential basic staple critical pivotal salient prime central focal premier paramount major ruling master supreme overriding cardinal capital pre-eminent ultimate uppermost highest utmost top topmost arch- number-one h Opposite: minor subordinate
subsidiary 2. denoting an original sum invested or lent. "the principal amount of your investment"
noun
noun: principal; plural noun: principals
1. the most important or senior person in an organization or group. "a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco" h Similar: boss
chief chief executive (officer) CEO chairman chairwoman managing director MD president director manager employer head leader ruler controller head honcho gaffer governor guv'nor
the head of a school, college, or other educational institution. "I was appointed principal of the new school" h Similar: head teacher
head headmaster headmistress director dean rector warden chancellor vice chancellor president provost governor prexy prex the leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera. "the singing style of the principals" h Similar: leading actor/actress leading player/performer leading man/lady lead star protagonist hero heroine leading role title role prima donna diva
prima ballerina Music the leading player in each section of an orchestra. "he had been an outstanding principal in the orchestra" (in certain professions) a fully qualified practitioner. "principals in general practice are self-employed and controlled by their practice agreements" (in the UK) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section.
2. a sum of money lent or invested, on which interest is paid. "the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal" h Similar: capital sum capital capital funds working capital financial resources money debt
loan
3.
a person for whom another acts as an agent or representative.
"stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals"
4.
Law
the person directly responsible for a crime.
historical
each of the combatants in a duel.
5.
a main rafter supporting purlins.
6.
an organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason.
"all the principals are on one manual"
Phrases
principal in the first degree
a person who directly perpetrates a crime.
principal in the second degree
a person who directly aids the perpetration of a crime.
126
Q
project (v./n.)
A
noun
noun: project; plural noun: projects; noun: housing project; plural noun: housing projects
/ˈprɒdʒɛkt/
1.
an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.
"a research project"
a piece of research work undertaken by a school or college student.
"a history project"
h
Similar:
assignment
piece of work homework piece of research task a proposed or planned undertaking. "the novel undermines its own stated project of telling a story" h Similar: scheme plan plan of action programme enterprise undertaking venture activity operation campaign proposal proposition idea
conception 2. North American a government-subsidized housing development with relatively low rents. "her family still lives in the projects"
verb
verb: project; 3rd person present: projects; past tense: projected; past participle: projected; gerund or present participle: projecting
/prəˈdʒɛkt/
1. estimate or forecast (something) on the basis of present trends or data. "spending was projected at £72,900 million" h Similar: forecast
predict estimate calculate gauge reckon expect extrapolate
plan (a scheme or undertaking).
"in the later 1930s, many new road schemes were projected"
h
Similar:
intend
plan propose map out devise design
outline
2. extend outwards beyond something else; protrude. "I noticed a slip of paper projecting from the book" h Similar: stick out jut out jut protrude extend stand out hang over overhang bulge out poke out lap over ride over thrust out obtrude cantilever be imminent protuberate 3. throw or cause to move forward or outward. "seeds are projected from the tree" h Similar: throw cast fling hurl toss lob launch discharge propel shoot chuck sling bung heave
cause (light, shadow, or an image) to fall on a surface. "the one light projected shadows on the wall" h Similar: cast
throw send shed let fall reflect
shine cause (a sound) to be heard at a distance. "being audible depends on your ability to project your voice" imagine (oneself, a situation, etc.) as having moved to a different place or time. "people may be projecting the present into the past"
4. present or promote (a particular view or image). "he strives to project an image of youth" h Similar: convey put across put over communicate present promote present oneself as
present (someone or something) in a particular way. "she liked to project herself more as a friend than a doctor" display (an emotion or quality) in one's behaviour. "everyone would be amazed that a young girl could project such depths of emotion" attribute or transfer an emotion or desire to (another person), especially unconsciously. "men may sometimes project their own fears on to women" h Similar: attribute
ascribe
impute
assign
externalize
5.
Geometry
draw straight lines through (a given figure) to produce a corresponding figure on a surface or a line.
6.
make a projection of (the earth, sky, etc.) on a plane surface
127
Q
prospect (n.) prospector prospective
A
noun
noun: prospect; plural noun: prospects
/ˈprɒspɛkt/
1. the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring. "there was no prospect of a reconciliation" h Similar: likelihood
hope expectation anticipation (good/poor) chance chances odds probability possibility likeliness promise lookout dream fear danger hazard coming soon on the way in the pipeline likely to happen to come coming up at hand close/near at hand near imminent in the offing in view in store on the horizon in the wings just around the corner in the air in the wind brewing upcoming forthcoming impending approaching on the cards
a mental picture of a future or anticipated event. "moving to a new home a long distance away can be a worrying prospect" h Similar: vision
thought idea contemplation task undertaking chances or opportunities for success or wealth. "the poor prospects for the steel industry" h Similar: possibilities potential promise expectations outlook future
scope
2. a person regarded as likely to succeed or as a potential customer, client, etc. "Norwich's unbeaten heavyweight prospect" h Similar: candidate possibility catch
a place likely to yield mineral deposits. "additional exploration prospects have been identified in this area"
3. an extensive view of landscape. "a viewpoint commanding a magnificent prospect of the estuary" h Similar: view vista outlook perspective panorama aspect scene scenery sweep landscape seascape townscape cityscape surroundings picture spectacle sight
lookout
verb
verb: prospect; 3rd person present: prospects; past tense: prospected; past participle: prospected; gerund or present participle: prospecting
/prəˈspɛkt/
search for mineral deposits, especially by drilling and excavation. "the company is also prospecting for gold" h Similar: inspect
survey make a survey of explore search scout reconnoitre examine check out look seek hunt go after dowse
search for; seek. "many charities are prospecting for new donors"
128
Q
protocol (n.)
A
noun
noun: protocol; plural noun: protocols
1.
the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.
"protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his defence"
the accepted or established code of procedure or behaviour in any group, organization, or situation.
"what is the protocol at a smart lunch if one's neighbour dozes off during the speeches?"
h
Similar:
etiquette
conventions formalities customs rules of conduct procedure ritual code of behaviour accepted behaviour conventionalities propriety proprieties one's Ps and Qs decorum manners courtesies civilities good form the done thing the thing to do punctilio
politesse
2. the original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties. "signatories to the Montreal Protocol" h Similar: agreement treaty entente concord concordat convention deal pact contract compact settlement arrangement armistice truce engagement
an amendment or addition to a treaty or convention. "a protocol to the treaty allowed for this Danish referendum"
3.
a formal or official record of scientific experimental observations.
“protocols of published cases frequently lack this vital information”
a procedure for carrying out a scientific experiment or a course of medical treatment. "a study protocol approved by the ethics committee of the hospital"
4.
Computing
a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
129
Q
pursue (v.) pursuit, pursuivant
A
verb
verb: pursue; 3rd person present: pursues; past tense: pursued; past participle: pursued; gerund or present participle: pursuing
1.
follow or chase (someone or something).
"the officer pursued the van"
h
Similar:
go after
run after follow chase give chase to hunt stalk track trail trace shadow dog hound course tail h Opposite: avoid flee
persistently seek to form a sexual relationship with (someone). "Sophie was being pursued by a number of men" h Similar: woo
court pay court to pay suit to chase after chase run after make up to make love to romance set one's cap at seek the hand of pay addresses to seek to attain or accomplish (a goal) over a long period. "should people pursue their own happiness at the expense of others?" h Similar: strive for push towards work towards try for seek search for quest (after) be intent on aim at/for have as a goal have as an objective aspire to
h Opposite: eschew archaic•literary (of something unpleasant) persistently afflict (someone). "mercy lasts as long as sin pursues man"
2.
continue or proceed along (a path or route).
“the road pursued a straight course over the scrubland”
engage in (an activity or course of action). "Andrew was determined to pursue a computer career" h Similar: engage in
be engaged in be occupied in participate in take part in work at practise follow prosecute conduct ply apply oneself to go in for take up h Opposite: shun continue to investigate or explore (an idea or argument). "we shall not pursue the matter any further" h Similar: conduct undertake follow carry on devote oneself to go on with
130
Q
quote (v./n.) quotation
A
verb
verb: quote; 3rd person present: quotes; past tense: quoted; past participle: quoted; gerund or present participle: quoting
1. repeat or copy out (words from a text or speech written or spoken by another person). "I realized she was quoting passages from Shakespeare" h Similar: recite
repeat say again reproduce restate retell echo iterate parrot take extract excerpt derive misquote ingeminate
repeat a statement by (someone). "a military spokesman was quoted as saying that the border was now quiet" mention or refer to (someone or something) to provide evidence or authority for a statement or opinion. "the examples quoted above could be multiplied from case studies from all over England" h Similar: cite
mention refer to make reference to give name instance specify identify relate recount enumerate list itemize spell out allude to adduce exemplify put forward point out call attention to present offer advance
propose put forward or describe someone or something as being. "heavy teaching loads are often quoted as a bad influence on research"
2. give someone (the estimated price of a job or service). "a garage quoted him £30" h Similar: estimate state set tender bid offer
price something at
name at (specified odds).
"he is quoted as 9–2 favourite to score the first goal of the match"
3.
Stock Market
give (a company) a quotation or listing on a stock exchange.
"a British conglomerate quoted on the London Stock Exchange"
noun
noun: quote; plural noun: quotes
1.
a quotation from a text or speech.
"a quote from Wordsworth"
quotation marks.
"use double quotes around precise phrases you wish to search for"
2.
a quotation giving the estimated cost for a particular job or service.
"quotes from different insurance companies"
3.
Stock Market
a price offered by a market-maker for the sale or purchase of a stock or other security.
"quotes for North Sea Brent were rising"
a quotation or listing of a company on a stock exchange.
Phrases
quote — unquote — used when speaking to indicate a statement or passage that one is quoting.
“the second sentence says, quote, there has never been a better time to invest in the commodities market, unquote”
131
Q
radical (adj./n.) radicalize
A
adjective
adjective: radical
1. (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough. "a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework" h Similar: thoroughgoing
thorough complete total entire absolute utter comprehensive exhaustive root-and-branch sweeping far-reaching wide-ranging extensive profound drastic severe serious major desperate stringent violent forceful rigorous draconian h Opposite: superficial
forming an inherent or fundamental part of the nature of someone or something. "the assumption of radical differences between the mental attributes of literate and non-literate peoples" h Similar: fundamental
basic essential quintessential inherent innate structural deep-seated intrinsic organic constitutive root
h Opposite: minor (of surgery or medical treatment) thorough and intended to be completely curative.
2. advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party. h Similar: revolutionary progressive reforming reformist revisionist progressivist leftist left-wing ultra-left socialist anti-capitalist extreme extremist fanatical militant diehard red swivel-eyed derogatory Bolshevik h Opposite: conservative reactionary
moderate
historical•British
belonging to an extreme section of the Liberal party during the 19th century.
characterized by independence of or departure from tradition; innovative or unorthodox.
"the daring, avant-garde spirit of the music was too radical for the conservative audience"
3.
Linguistics
denoting or relating to the roots of a word.
Music
belonging to the root of a chord.
4.
Mathematics
relating to or forming the root of a number or quantity.
5.
Botany
of, or springing direct from, the root or stem base of a plant.
6.
informal•North American
very good; excellent.
"Okay, then. Seven o'clock. Radical!"
noun
noun: radical; plural noun: radicals
1.
a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social change, or a member of a political party or section of a party pursuing such aims.
h
Similar:
revolutionary
progressive reformer revisionist leftist left-winger socialist militant zealot extremist fanatic diehard ultra red derogatory Bolshevik Bolshevist h Opposite: conservative reactionary moderate 2. Chemistry a group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds. 3. the root or base form of a word.
any of the basic set of approximately 214 Chinese characters constituting semantically or functionally significant elements in the composition of other characters and used as a means of classifying characters in dictionaries.
4.
Mathematics
a quantity forming or expressed as the root of another.
a radical sign.
132
Q
range (n./v.)
A
noun
noun: range; plural noun: ranges
1. the area of variation between upper and lower limits on a particular scale. "the cost will be in the range of $1–5 million a day" h Similar: span
scope compass radius scale gamut reach sweep extent area field orbit ambit province realm domain horizon latitude limits bounds confines parameters vary fluctuate differ extend stretch cover go run pass
the scope of a person's knowledge or abilities. "in this film he gave some indication of his range" the compass of a person's voice or a musical instrument. "she was gifted with an incredible vocal range" the period of time covered by something such as a forecast. the area covered by or included in something. "a guide to the range of debate this issue has generated" Mathematics the set of values that a given function can take as its argument varies.
2. a set of different things of the same general type. "the area offers a wide range of activities for the tourist" h Similar: assortment variety diversity mixture collection array set selection choice pick kind sort type class rank order genus species 3. the distance within which a person can see or hear. "something lurked just beyond her range of vision"
the maximum distance to which a gun will shoot or over which a missile will travel. "these rockets have a range of 30 to 40 miles" the maximum distance at which a radio transmission can be effectively received. "planets within radio range of Earth" the distance that can be covered by a vehicle or aircraft without refuelling. "the vans have a range of 125 miles" the distance between a camera and the subject to be photographed. "handheld shots taken at extreme telephoto ranges can be pretty wobbly affairs"
4. a line or series of mountains or hills. "a mountain range" h Similar: row chain sierra cordillera ridge massif line file rank string series
Australian•New Zealand mountainous or hilly country. "no one would know if he had survived to live out his life in the ranges back from the river country"
5. a large area of open land for grazing or hunting. "on dude ranches, tourists put on crisp new western gear to ride the range" h Similar: pasture pasturage pastureland grass grassland grazing land ley paddock croft lea mead greensward sward shieling bent bawn run veld alp bocage potrero
an area of land or sea used as a testing ground for military equipment. "the cost of dealing with unexploded shells and bombs on former military ranges" an open or enclosed area with targets for shooting practice. "he went down to the ranges to practise shooting" the area over which a plant or animal is distributed. "the chimpanzee extensively overlaps the gorilla in its forest range"
6. a large cooking stove with burners or hotplates and one or more ovens, all of which are kept continually hot. "a wood-burning kitchen range" h Similar: stove cooking stove kitchen stove
Aga
North American
an electric or gas cooker.
7.
a row of buildings.
"Townesend's Durham quadrangle range at Trinity College"
a continuous stretch of a building.
8.
archaic
the direction or position in which something lies.
"the range of the hills and valleys is nearly from north to south"
verb
verb: range; 3rd person present: ranges; past tense: ranged; past participle: ranged; gerund or present participle: ranging; adjective: -ranging
1.
vary or extend between specified limits.
"prices range from £30 to £100"
h
Similar:
vary
fluctuate differ extend stretch reach cover go run pass 2. place or arrange in a row or rows or in a specified manner. "a table with half a dozen chairs ranged around it" h Similar: line up align draw up put/set in order order place position arrange dispose set out array rank
run or extend in a line in a particular direction. "he regularly came to the benches that ranged along the path" British•Printing (with reference to type) align or be aligned, especially at the ends of successive lines.
3. place oneself or be placed in opposition to (a person or group). "Japan ranged herself against the European nations" 4. (of a person or animal) travel or wander over a wide area. "patrols ranged deep into enemy territory" h Similar: roam rove traverse travel journey wander stray drift ramble meander amble stroll traipse walk hike trek backpack
peregrinate
(of a person's eyes) pass from one person or thing to another.
"his eyes ranged over them"
(of something written or spoken) cover a wide number of different topics.
"tutorials ranged over a variety of subjects"
5.
obtain the range of a target by adjustment after firing past it or short of it, or by the use of radar or laser equipment.
"radar-type transmissions which appeared to be ranging on our convoys"
(of a projectile) cover a specified distance.
(of a gun) send a projectile over a specified distance.
Phrases
at a range of — with a specified distance between one person or thing and another.
“she fired at a range of a few inches”
133
Q
rational (adj.) rationalize
A
adjective
adjective: rational
1. based on or in accordance with reason or logic. "I'm sure there's a perfectly rational explanation" h Similar: logical
reasoned well reasoned sensible reasonable cogent coherent intelligent wise judicious sagacious astute shrewd perceptive enlightened clear-eyed clear-sighted commonsensical common-sense well advised well grounded sound sober prudent circumspect politic down-to-earth practical pragmatic matter-of-fact hard-headed unidealistic joined-up h Opposite: irrational illogical
able to think sensibly or logically.
"Ursula's upset—she's not being very rational"
h
Similar:
lucid
coherent sane in one's right mind able to think/reason clearly of sound mind normal balanced well balanced clear-headed compos mentis all there h Opposite: insane endowed with the capacity to reason. "man is a rational being" h Similar: intelligent thinking discriminating reasoning cognitive mental cerebral logical analytical conceptual
ratiocinative
2.
Mathematics
(of a number, quantity, or expression) expressible, or containing quantities which are expressible, as a ratio of whole numbers.
134
Q
regime (n.)
A
noun
noun: regime; plural noun: regimes; noun: régime; plural noun: régimes
1. a government, especially an authoritarian one. "ideological opponents of the regime" h Similar: government
authorities system of government rule reign dominion sovereignty jurisdiction authority control command administration establishment direction management leadership 2. a system or ordered way of doing things. "detention centres with a very tough physical regime" h Similar: system arrangement scheme code apparatus mechanism order pattern method procedure routine policy practice course plan programme diet regimen
a coordinated programme for the promotion or restoration of health; a regimen. "a low-calorie, low-fat regime" the conditions under which a scientific or industrial process occurs.
135
Q
regulate (v.) regularize, regulate
A
verb
verb: regulate; 3rd person present: regulates; past tense: regulated; past participle: regulated; gerund or present participle: regulating
control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly. "a hormone which regulates metabolism" h Similar: control
adjust manage balance set synchronize modulate tune
control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and regulations. "the Code regulates the takeovers of all public companies" h Similar: supervise
oversee police superintend monitor check (up on) keep an eye on inspect administer be responsible for control manage direct guide govern rule order keep tabs on keep a tab on
keep a beady eye on
set (a clock or other apparatus) according to an external standard.
"the standard time by which other clocks were regulated"
136
Q
reinforce (v.) reinforcement
A
verb
verb: reinforce; 3rd person present: reinforces; past tense: reinforced; past participle: reinforced; gerund or present participle: reinforcing
strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material. "the helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork" h Similar: strengthen
fortify bolster up shore up buttress prop up underpin brace stiffen toughen support hold up underprop
strengthen (an existing feeling, idea, or habit). "the next few months reinforced my opinion of Vince as a man of his word" h Similar: strengthen
fortify bolster up shore up buttress prop up underpin support cement uphold defend maintain back (up) buoy up boost give a boost to aid assist help promote encourage deepen broaden enrich enhance intensify improve underline heighten emphasize stress strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment. "paratroopers were sent to reinforce the troops already in the area" h Similar: augment increase add to supplement boost swell build up
137
Q
reluctance (n.) reluctant reluctantly
A
noun
noun: reluctance
1. unwillingness or disinclination to do something. "she sensed his reluctance to continue" h Similar: unwillingness
disinclination lack of enthusiasm hesitation hesitance hesitancy diffidence timidity timorousness trepidation demurral wavering vacillation foot-dragging resistance doubts second thoughts scruples qualms pangs of conscience misgivings disrelish h Opposite: willingness eagerness 2. Physics the property of a magnetic circuit of opposing the passage of magnetic flux lines, equal to the ratio of the magnetomotive force to the magnetic flux.
138
Q
reside (v.)
A
verb
verb: reside; 3rd person present: resides; past tense: resided; past participle: resided; gerund or present participle: residing
1. have one's permanent home in a particular place. "people who work in the city actually reside in neighbouring towns" h Similar: live in
occupy inhabit have one's home in be settled in have taken up residence in have established oneself in stay in lodge in hang out in hang one's hat in dwell in be domiciled in sojourn in bide in h Opposite: visit
be situated.
"the paintings now reside on the walls of a restaurant"
h
Similar:
be situated
be placed
be found
be located
lie
repose
2. (of power or a right) belong to a person or body. "legislative powers reside with the Federal Assembly" h Similar: belong to be vested in be bestowed on be conferred on be entrusted to be in the hands of
(of a quality) be present or inherent in something. "the meaning of an utterance does not wholly reside in the semantic meaning" h Similar: be inherent in
be intrinsic to
be present in
inhere in
exist in
139
Q
resolve (v./n.)
A
verb
verb: resolve; 3rd person present: resolves; past tense: resolved; past participle: resolved; gerund or present participle: resolving
1. settle or find a solution to (a problem or contentious matter). "the firm aims to resolve problems within 30 days" h Similar: settle
sort out solve find a solution to find an answer to fix work out straighten out deal with put right set right put to rights rectify iron out reconcile answer explain fathom unravel disentangle clarify clear up throw light on sew up hammer out thrash out patch up crack figure out
Medicine cause (a symptom or condition) to heal or subside. "endoscopic biliary drainage can rapidly resolve jaundice" (of a symptom or condition) heal or subside. "symptoms resolved after a median of four weeks" Music (with reference to a discord) pass or cause to pass into a concord during the course of harmonic change. "dissonant notes resolve conventionally by rising or falling to form part of a new chord"
2. decide firmly on a course of action. "she resolved to ring Dana as soon as she got home" h Similar: determine decide make up one's mind take a decision reach a decision conclude come to the conclusion settle on a plan of action
(of a legislative body or other formal meeting) make a decision by a formal vote. "the executive resolved that a strike would be detrimental to all concerned" h Similar: vote
pass a resolution rule move decide formally agree
undertake
3. Chemistry separate or cause to be separated into constituent parts or components. "alpha-zein is often resolved into two major size components" h Similar: break down break up separate reduce decompose divide disintegrate dissolve h Opposite: combine
reduce a subject, statement, etc. by mental analysis into (separate elements or a more elementary form). "the ability to resolve facts into their legal categories" h Similar: analyse
dissect
break down
anatomize Physics analyse (a force or velocity) into components acting in particular directions.
4. (of something seen at a distance) turn into a different form when seen more clearly. "the orange light resolved itself into four roadwork lanterns" h Similar: turn into be transformed into become clearly visible as change into metamorphose into
be transmuted into
(of optical or photographic equipment) separate or distinguish between (closely adjacent objects).
"Hubble was able to resolve six variable stars in M31"
separately distinguish (peaks in a graph or spectrum).
noun
noun: resolve; plural noun: resolves
1.
firm determination to do something.
"she received information that strengthened her resolve"
h
Similar:
determination
resolution firmness of purpose fixity of purpose purpose purposefulness resoluteness single-mindedness strength of will strength of character will power firmness intentness decision decidedness steadfastness staunchness manfulness perseverance persistence indefatigability tenacity tenaciousness staying power strong-mindedness backbone dedication commitment constancy the bulldog spirit pertinacity pertinaciousness stubbornness doggedness obstinacy obdurateness obduracy inflexibility spiritedness braveness bravery boldness courage courageousness pluck pluckiness stout-heartedness Sitzfleisch guts spunk grit stickability stick-to-it-iveness intension perseveration intention conclusion h Opposite: indecision 2. US a formal resolution by a legislative body or public meeting.
140
Q
resource (n./v.) resourcelessness resourceless
A
noun
noun: resource; plural noun: resources
1. a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively. "local authorities complained that they lacked resources" h Similar: assets
funds wealth money riches capital deep pockets staff people supplies materials store(s) stock(s) reserve(s) holding(s) supply reservoir pool fund stockpile accumulation hoard
a country's collective means of supporting itself or becoming wealthier, as represented by its reserves of minerals, land, and other natural assets. "Japan's exploitation of commercially important marine resources" a source of help or information. "census records are an invaluable resource for the historian" h Similar: facility
amenity aid help service support solution convenience advantage
benefit North American available assets.
2. an action or strategy which may be adopted in adverse circumstances. "sometimes anger is the only resource left in a situation like this" h Similar: expedient resort means measure method course way scheme plan plot stratagem manoeuvre machination agency trick ruse artifice device tool
personal attributes and capabilities regarded as able to help or sustain one in adverse circumstances. "we had been left very much to our own resources" dated the ability to find clever ways to overcome difficulties; resourcefulness. "a man of resource" h Similar: initiative
resourcefulness enterprise imagination imaginativeness ingenuity inventiveness quick-wittedness cleverness native wit talent ability capability spirit spiritedness enthusiasm drive zest dash ambition energy vigour vitality gumption get-up-and-go go push oomph pizzazz pep zip
vim
archaic
the possibility of aid or assistance.
"the flower of the French army was lost without resource"
3.
dated
a leisure occupation.
verb
verb: resource; 3rd person present: resources; past tense: resourced; past participle: resourced; gerund or present participle: resourcing
provide with resources. "a strategy which ensures that primary healthcare workers are adequately resourced"
141
Q
restrain (v.) restraint, restrainer restrainable
A
verb
verb: restrain; 3rd person present: restrains; past tense: restrained; past participle: restrained; gerund or present participle: restraining
prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep under control or within limits. "the need to restrain public expenditure" h Similar: prevent
stop keep hold back hinder impede hamper restrict constrain obstruct hold prohibit ban bar disallow interdict forbid veto proscribe enjoin h Opposite: force compel encourage
control (a strong urge or emotion).
"Amiss had to restrain his impatience"
h
Similar:
control
keep under control check hold/keep in check curb suppress repress contain keep within bounds limit regulate restrict moderate dampen put a brake on subdue smother choke back stifle bridle leash bit muzzle bottle up cork rein back rein in keep in keep the lid on h Opposite: provoke encourage deprive (someone) of freedom of movement or personal liberty. "leg cuffs are used for restraining and transporting violent criminals" h Similar: tie up bind strap truss pinion lash tether chain (up) fetter shackle manacle put in irons handcuff (of a seat belt) hold (a person or part of their body) down and back while in a vehicle seat. "all front seats must be equipped with seat belts which restrain the upper part of the body"
142
Q
restrict (v.)
A
verb
verb: restrict; 3rd person present: restricts; past tense: restricted; past participle: restricted; gerund or present participle: restricting
put a limit on; keep under control.
"some roads may have to be closed at peak times to restrict the number of visitors"
h
Similar:
limit
set/impose limits on keep within bounds keep under control regulate control moderate cut down on
deprive (someone or something) of freedom of movement or action. "cities can restrict groups of protesters from gathering on a residential street" h Similar: hinder
interfere with impede hamper obstruct block slow check curb retard handicap straitjacket tie cramp limit someone to only doing or having (a particular thing) or staying in (a particular place). "I shall restrict myself to a single example" h Similar: confine limit make do with only be happy with limit something to (a particular place, time, or group). "the Zoological Gardens were at first restricted to members and their guests" withhold (information) from general disclosure. "at first the Americans tried to restrict news of their involvement in Vietnam"
143
Q
retain (v.)
A
verb
verb: retain; 3rd person present: retains; past tense: retained; past participle: retained; gerund or present participle: retaining
1. continue to have (something); keep possession of. "built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features" h Similar: keep
keep possession of keep hold of hold on to hold fast to keep back hang on to cling to cleave to maintain continue preserve reserve conserve perpetuate cherish h Opposite: give up lose abolish discontinue alter
not abolish or alter; maintain.
"the rights of defendants must be retained"
h
Similar:
maintain
keep continue preserve reserve conserve perpetuate cherish h Opposite: abolish discontinue alter keep in one's memory. "I retained a few French words and phrases" h Similar: remember memorize keep in one's mind keep in one's memory learn learn by heart get by heart commit to memory get down pat learn by rote impress on the memory become word-perfect in recall call to mind recollect think of succeed in remembering get off pat con
h Opposite: forget
2. absorb and continue to hold (a substance). "limestone is known to retain water" 3. keep (something) in place; hold fixed. "the successful design of a cartridge belt requires that the cartridges in it be properly located and retained in that position" 4. keep (someone) engaged in one's service. "he has been retained as a freelance" h Similar: employ commission contract pay keep on the payroll have in employment hire engage appoint recruit put on the payroll secure the services of sign on sign up take on take into one's employ h Opposite: dismiss
secure the services of (a barrister) with a preliminary payment. "retain a barrister to handle the client's business"
144
Q
scheme (v./n.) schematize
A
noun
noun: scheme; plural noun: schemes
1.
British
a large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining a particular object or putting a particular idea into effect.
"the occupational sick pay scheme"
h
Similar:
plan
project plan of action programme strategy stratagem game plan enterprise venture measure move course of action line of action system procedure design formula recipe device tactic contrivance proposal proposition suggestion idea blueprint wheeze lurk shift
a secret or underhand plan; a plot.
"police uncovered a scheme to steal paintings worth more than $250,000"
h
Similar:
plot
intrigue conspiracy secret plan ruse ploy stratagem manoeuvre subterfuge machinations game racket scam dodge schlenter a particular ordered system or arrangement. "a classical rhyme scheme" h Similar: arrangement system organization configuration pattern format layout disposition
schema
2.
informal•Scottish
an estate of social housing.
"the whole scheme is plunged into darkness, bar the light in Victor's house"
verb
verb: scheme; 3rd person present: schemes; past tense: schemed; past participle: schemed; gerund or present participle: scheming
1.
make plans, especially in a devious way or with intent to do something illegal or wrong.
h
Similar:
plot
hatch a plot conspire take part in a conspiracy intrigue connive manoeuvre plan lay plans machinate cabal
complot
informal•South African
think; suppose.
"I scheme it could work"
2.
arrange according to a colour scheme.
"she was busy arranging flowers, scheming the candles and napkins"
Phrases
the scheme of things — a supposed or apparent overall system, within which everything has a place and in relation to which individual details are ultimately to be assessed.
“in the overall scheme of things, we didn’t do badly”
145
Q
scope (n.)
A
noun
noun: scope; plural noun: scopes
1. the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant. "we widened the scope of our investigation" h Similar: extent
range breadth width reach sweep purview span stretch spread horizon area sphere field realm compass orbit ambit terms of reference field of reference jurisdiction remit confine limit gamut competence 2. the opportunity or possibility to do or deal with something. "the scope for major change is always limited by political realities" h Similar: opportunity freedom latitude leeway capacity liberty room room to manoeuvre elbow room play possibility chance wriggle room
wiggle room
archaic
a purpose, end, or intention.
"Plato even maintains religion to be the chief aim and scope of human life"
3.
informal
a telescope, microscope, or other device having a name ending in -scope.
"infrared night scopes"
4.
Nautical
the length of cable extended when a ship rides at anchor.
5.
Linguistics•Logic
the number of terms or arguments affected by an operator such as a quantifier or conjunction.
verb
verb: scope; 3rd person present: scopes; past tense: scoped; past participle: scoped; gerund or present participle: scoping
1.
assess or investigate something.
"they'd scoped out their market"
set the scope of (a projected undertaking).
"it is important that a project is scoped correctly to ensure the budget can be accurately defined"
2.
informal•North American
look at carefully; scan.
"they watched him scoping the room, looking for Michael"
146
Q
sector (n.) sectoral
A
noun
noun: sector; plural noun: sectors
1. an area or portion that is distinct from others. "operations in the southern sector of the North Sea" h Similar: district
quarter part section zone precinct borough locality neighbourhood side province territory division region area belt tract locale hood
a distinct part or branch of a nation's economy or society or of a sphere of activity such as education. "the government aimed to reassure the industrial and commercial sector" h Similar: part
branch arm division subdivision area department category field sphere layer stratum
corner Military a subdivision of an area for military operations. Computing a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk.
2.
the plane figure enclosed by two radii of a circle or ellipse and the arc between them.
3.
a mathematical instrument consisting of two arms hinged at one end and marked with sines, tangents, etc. for making diagrams.
147
Q
secure (adj./v/) securitize
A
adjective
adjective: secure
1. fixed or fastened so as not to give way, become loose, or be lost. "check to ensure that all nuts and bolts are secure" h Similar: tight
firm taut fixed secured done up closed shut locked sealed stable fast safe steady immovable unshakeable dependable anchored moored jammed rooted braced cemented riveted nailed tied strong sturdy solid sound h Opposite: loose unlocked precarious rocky
(of a place of detention) having provisions against the escape of inmates. "a secure unit for young offenders"
2. certain to remain safe and unthreatened. "his position as party leader was less than secure" h Similar: certain assured reliable dependable settled fixed established solid sound h Opposite: uncertain insecure
protected against attack or other criminal activity. "no airport is totally secure" feeling confident and free from fear or anxiety. "everyone needs to have a home and to feel secure and wanted" h Similar: protected from harm/danger
free from danger sheltered shielded guarded unharmed undamaged safe and sound safe out of harm's way in a safe place in safe hands invulnerable immune impregnable unassailable at ease unworried reassured relaxed happy comfortable confident h Opposite: vulnerable threatened
unsettled
dated
feeling no doubts about attaining.
"she remained poised and complacent, secure of admiration"
verb
verb: secure; 3rd person present: secures; past tense: secured; past participle: secured; gerund or present participle: securing
1. fix or attach (something) firmly so that it cannot be moved or lost. "pins secure the handle to the main body" h Similar: fix
attach fasten affix link hitch join connect couple bond append annex stick pin tack nail staple clip tie up moor make fast lash berth anchor
make (a door or container) hard to open; fasten or lock. "doors are likely to be well secured at night" h Similar: fasten
close shut lock bolt chain seal
board up Surgery compress (a blood vessel) to prevent bleeding.
2. succeed in obtaining (something), especially with difficulty. "the division secured a major contract" h Similar: obtain acquire gain get find come by pick up procure get possession of buy purchase get hold of land get one's hands on lay one's hands on get one's mitts on h Opposite: lose let slip
seek to guarantee repayment of (a loan) by having a right to take possession of an asset in the event of non-payment. "a loan secured on your home"
3. protect against threats; make safe. "the government is concerned to secure the economy against too much foreign ownership" h Similar: protect make safe make sound make invulnerable make immune make impregnable fortify strengthen shelter shield guard assure ensure insure guarantee warrant indemnify confirm
establish
Phrases
secure arms — hold a rifle with the muzzle downward and the lock in the armpit to guard it from rain.
148
Q
seek (v.) seeker
A
verb
verb: seek; 3rd person present: seeks; past tense: sought; past participle: sought; gerund or present participle: seeking
attempt to find (something).
"they came here to seek shelter from biting winter winds"
h
Similar:
search for
try to find look for look about for look round for look around for cast about for cast round for cast around for be on the lookout for be after hunt for be in quest of quest (after) be in pursuit of
attempt or desire to obtain or achieve (something). "the new regime sought his extradition" h Similar: try to obtain
pursue go after strive for go for push towards work towards be intent on aim at/for have as a goal have as an objective try attempt endeavour strive work aim aspire do one's best set out essay ask for (something) from someone. "he sought help from the police" h Similar: ask for request solicit call on invite entreat beg for petition for appeal for apply for
put in for
search for and find someone or something.
"it's his job to seek out new customers"
archaic
go to (a place).
"I sought my bedroom each night to brood over it"
Phrases
seek dead
used to instruct a retriever to go and look for game that has been shot.
seek one’s fortune
travel somewhere in the hope of achieving wealth and success. “he emigrated to Britain to seek his fortune”
to seek
lacking; not yet found. “the end she knew, the means were to seek”
149
Q
shift (v./n.) shifter, shiftiness
A
verb
verb: shift; 3rd person present: shifts; past tense: shifted; past participle: shifted; gerund or present participle: shifting
1. move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance. "a team from the power company came to shift the cables away from the house" h Similar: move
carry transfer transport convey take bring bear lug cart haul fetch switch move around transpose relocate reposition rearrange displace slide slip be displaced
change the position of one's body, especially because one is nervous or uncomfortable.
"he shifted a little in his chair"
h
Similar:
change
alter adjust make adjustments to adapt amend recast vary modify revise reverse retract do a U-turn on row back eat one's words do an about-turn on h Opposite: keep stick to change the emphasis, direction, or focus of. "she's shifting the blame on to me" change in emphasis, direction, or focus. "the wind had shifted to the east" h Similar: veer alter change back vary fluctuate turn swing change direction informal•British move quickly. "you'll have time for a bite if you shift" informal•British move from a place or rouse oneself from a state of inactivity. "shift yourself, Ruby, do something useful and get the plates" Computing move (data) to the right or left in a register. "the partial remainder is shifted left" informal•British remove (a stain). "thorough cleaning is necessary to shift all cooking residues" h Similar: get rid of take out get off remove budge lift
expunge
informal
sell (something).
"a lot of high-priced product you simply don't know how to shift"
informal•British
eat or drink (something) hastily or in large amounts.
2.
North American
change gear in a vehicle.
"she shifted down to fourth"
3.
archaic
be evasive or indirect.
"they know not how to shift and rob as the old ones do"
noun
noun: shift; plural noun: shifts; noun: shift dress; plural noun: shift dresses
1.
a slight change in position, direction, or tendency.
"a shift in public opinion"
h
Similar:
movement
move shifting transference transport conveyance switch transposition relocation repositioning rearrangement change alteration adjustment adaptation amendment recasting variation modification revision reversal retraction sea change U-turn rowback about-turn
Astronomy the displacement of spectral lines. a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard used to switch between two sets of characters or functions, principally between lower- and upper-case letters. noun: shift key; plural noun: shift keys short for sound shift. North American the gear lever or gear-changing mechanism in a vehicle. Building the positioning of successive rows of bricks so that their ends do not coincide. Computing a movement of the digits of a word in a register one or more places to left or right, equivalent to multiplying or dividing the corresponding number by a power of whatever number is the base. American Football a change of position by two or more players before the ball is put into play.
2. each of two or more recurring periods in which different groups of workers do the same jobs in relay. "Anne was on the night shift" h Similar: work period stint spell of work stretch
the group of people who work during a particular shift. "the bus was still waiting there when the day shift went home" h Similar: group
crew
gang
team
squad
patrol
3.
a woman’s straight unwaisted dress.
historical a long, loose-fitting undergarment.
4. archaic an ingenious or devious device or stratagem. "the thousand shifts and devices of which Hannibal was a master" h Similar: stratagem scheme subterfuge expedient dodge trick ruse wile artifice deception strategy device
plan
Phrases
get a shift on
hurry up. “it’s quite a drive to London, so we should really get a shift on”
make shift
do what one wants to do in spite of not having ideal conditions.
shift for oneself
manage as best one can without help.
shift one’s ground
say or write something that contradicts something one has previously written or said.
150
Q
style (n./v.) stylize
A
noun
noun: style; plural noun: styles
1.
a particular procedure by which something is done; a manner or way.
"different styles of management"
h
Similar:
manner
way technique method methodology approach system mode form practice modus operandi MO type kind variety sort nature genre vein species ilk vintage school brand quality calibre kidney design pattern stamp model cast grain stripe
a way of painting, writing, composing, building, etc., characteristic of a particular period, place, person, or movement. "the concerto is composed in a neoclassical style" a way of using language. "he never wrote in a journalistic style" h Similar: phraseology
mode of expression
wording
language one's usual way of behaving or approaching situations. noun: one's style; plural noun: one's styles "backing out isn't my style" an official or legal title. "the partnership traded under the style of Storr and Mortimer"
2.
a distinctive appearance, typically determined by the principles according to which something is designed.
“the pillars are no exception to the general style”
a particular design of clothing.
"his shoes were in a style that he could wear anywhere"
h
Similar:
fashion
trend vogue mode latest thing fad craze
rage a way of arranging the hair. "for a glamorous style, hair was brushed out after setting"
3. fashionable elegance and sophistication. "the world-famous hotel attracts guests because of its style and taste" h Similar: flair stylishness smartness elegance grace gracefulness poise polish suaveness sophistication urbanity chic dash finesse panache elan taste class pizzazz ritziness oomph zing comfort luxury affluence wealth opulence
lavishness
a confident, effortless manner or technique.
"he plays with such style"
4.
Botany
(in a flower) a narrow, typically elongated extension of the ovary, bearing the stigma.
5.
Zoology
(in an invertebrate) a small, slender pointed appendage; a stylet.
6.
archaic term for stylus (sense 2).
verb
verb: style; 3rd person present: styles; past tense: styled; past participle: styled; gerund or present participle: styling
1.
design or make in a particular form.
h
Similar:
design
fashion
tailor
make
produce
arrange (hair) in a particular way. "he styled her hair by twisting it up to give it body"
2. designate with a particular name, description, or title. "the official is styled principal and vice chancellor of the university" h Similar: call name title entitle dub designate term address label tag christen baptize nickname clepe
denominate
Phrases
in style
in an impressive, grand, or luxurious way. “the opera company’s soloists will help launch the appeal in style”
like it’s going out of style
(with reference to the use or consumption of something) at an excessive rate. “people spend their money like it’s going
151
Q
subordinate (adj./n./v.)
A
adjective
adjective: subordinate
/səˈbɔːdɪnət/
lower in rank or position.
"his subordinate officers"
h
Similar:
lower-ranking
junior lower lesser inferior lowly minor supporting second-fiddle h Opposite: superior senior
of less or secondary importance.
"in adventure stories, character must be subordinate to action"
h
Similar:
secondary
lesser minor subsidiary subservient ancillary auxiliary attendant peripheral marginal of little account/importance second-class second-rate second-fiddle supplementary accessory additional extra h Opposite: central major
chief
noun
noun: subordinate; plural noun: subordinates
/səˈbɔːdɪnət/
a person under the authority or control of another within an organization. "he was mild-mannered, especially with his subordinates" h Similar: junior
assistant second second in command number two right-hand man/woman deputy aide adjutant subaltern apprentice underling flunkey minion lackey mate inferior sidekick henchman second fiddle man/girl Friday h Opposite: superior
senior
verb
verb: subordinate; 3rd person present: subordinates; past tense: subordinated; past participle: subordinated; gerund or present participle: subordinating
/səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/
treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else.
"practical considerations were subordinated to political expediency"
make subservient to or dependent on something else.
"to define life would be to subordinate it to reason"
152
Q
subsequent (adj.) subsequence subsequently
A
adjective
adjective: subsequent
coming after something in time; following. "the theory was developed subsequent to the earthquake of 1906" h Similar: following
ensuing succeeding successive later future coming upcoming to come next after in the wake of at the close/end of later than posterior to h Opposite: previous prior former prior to
Geology (of a stream or valley) having a direction or character determined by the resistance to erosion of the underlying rock, and typically following the strike of the strata.
153
Q
subsidy (n.) subsidize
A
noun
noun: subsidy; plural noun: subsidies
1.
a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low.
"a farm subsidy"
a sum of money granted to support an undertaking held to be in the public interest.
"she was anxious about her Arts Council subsidy"
a grant or contribution of money.
"the position is generously rewarded and benefits include a mortgage subsidy"
h
Similar:
grant
allowance endowment contribution donation bursary gift present investment bestowal benefaction allocation allotment handout backing support aid assistance charity relief sponsorship finance funding subvention helping hand leg up alms
donative
2.
historical
a parliamentary grant to the sovereign for state needs.
a tax levied on a particular occasion.
154
Q
successor (n.)
A
noun
noun: successor; plural noun: successors
a person or thing that succeeds another. "Schoenberg saw himself as a natural successor to the German romantic school" h Similar: heir
heir apparent inheritor next-in-line descendant beneficiary
155
Q
survey (n./v.)
A
verb
verb: survey; 3rd person present: surveys; past tense: surveyed; past participle: surveyed; gerund or present participle: surveying
/səˈveɪ/
1.
look closely at or examine (someone or something).
"her green eyes surveyed him coolly"
h
Similar:
look at
look over take a look at observe view contemplate regard see gaze at stare at eye get a bird's-eye view of scrutinize examine inspect scan study consider review vet weigh up take stock of size up behold 2. examine and record the area and features of (an area of land) so as to construct a map, plan, or description. "he surveyed the coasts of New Zealand"
British examine and report on the condition of (a building), especially for a prospective buyer. "the cottage didn't look unsafe, but he had it surveyed" h Similar: make a survey of
value carry out a valuation of estimate the value of appraise assess prospect
triangulate
3.
investigate the opinions or experience of (a group of people) by asking them questions.
“95 per cent of patients surveyed were satisfied with the health service”
investigate (behaviour or opinions) by questioning a group of people. "the investigator surveyed the attitudes and beliefs held by residents" h Similar: interview
question canvass poll cross-examine investigate research study probe
sample
noun
noun: survey; plural noun: surveys
/ˈsəːveɪ/
1. a general view, examination, or description of someone or something. "the author provides a survey of the relevant literature" h Similar: study
consideration review overview scrutiny scrutinization examination inspection exploration appraisal synopsis outline overall picture
an investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of people, based on a series of questions. "a survey conducted by Gardening Which?" h Similar: poll
review investigation inquiry study probe questionnaire opinion poll sampling census cross-examination quiz
research
2. British an act of surveying a building. "the building society will insist that you have a survey done" h Similar: valuation appraisal assessment estimate estimation pricing
a written report detailing the findings of a building survey. "the third type of report is a full structural survey"
3.
an act of surveying an area of land.
“the flight involved a detailed aerial survey of military bases”
a map, plan, or detailed description obtained by surveying an area. a department carrying out the surveying of land. "the British Geological Survey"
156
Q
tape (v/n.) targetable, targeted
A
noun
noun: tape; plural noun: tapes
1.
a narrow strip of material, typically used to hold or fasten something.
"a reel of tape"
h
Similar:
band
strip strap belt binding string ribbon stripe braid
a strip of paper or plastic coated with adhesive and sold in a roll, used to stick things together. noun: adhesive tape; plural noun: adhesive tapes; noun: sticky tape "secure the bandage with tape" h Similar: adhesive tape
sticky tape
insulating tape
masking tape
parcel tape
Sellotape a strip of material stretched across the finishing line of a race, to be broken or dislodged by the winner. a strip of material used to mark off an area or form a notional barrier. a tape measure.
2.
long, narrow flexible material with magnetic properties, used for recording sound, pictures, or computer data.
“they put four songs on tape”
a cassette or reel containing magnetic tape for recording.
"he inserted a tape in the recorder"
h
Similar:
recording
cassette tape recording audiotape audio cassette reel spool videotape videocassette
video
a recording on a cassette or reel.
"a tape of a radio talk"
verb
verb: tape; 3rd person present: tapes; past tense: taped; past participle: taped; gerund or present participle: taping
1. record (sound or pictures) on audio or video tape. "it is not known who taped the conversation" h Similar: record
make a recording of tape-record video-record video put on tape/video/cassette 2. fasten or attach (something) with adhesive tape. "a note taped to the fridge" h Similar: bind tie strap fasten stick seal secure fix join attach tether Sellotape
seal or mark off an area or thing with tape. "they taped off an area round the scene of the explosion" h Similar: cordon
seal close shut mark fence form a ring around put a cordon sanitaire around isolate segregate
quarantine
Phrases breast the tape win a race. have someone or something taped understand a person or thing fully.
157
Q
tense (adj.)
A
adjective
adjective: tense; comparative adjective: tenser; superlative adjective: tensest
1. (especially of a muscle) stretched tight or rigid. "she tried to relax her tense muscles" h Similar: taut
stretched tight tight rigid stretched strained stiff h Opposite: slack loose
Phonetics (of a speech sound, especially a vowel) pronounced with the vocal muscles stretched tight.
2.
unable to relax because of nervousness, anxiety, or stimulation.
“he was tense with excitement”
causing or characterized by anxiety and nervousness.
"they waited in tense silence"
h
Similar:
anxious
nervous on edge edgy strained stressed under a strain under pressure agitated ill at ease unrelaxed in a state of nerves in a state of agitation fretful uneasy restless worked up keyed up overwrought highly strung wrought up strung out jumpy on tenterhooks on pins and needles with one's stomach in knots fidgety worried apprehensive upset disturbed panicky nervy a bundle of nerves jittery twitchy in a state uptight wired het up stressed out white-knuckled strung up stressy windy spooky squirrelly toey overstrung nerve-racking stressful worrying concerning fraught charged nail-biting worrisome difficult uncomfortable exciting cliffhanging knife-edge dramatic volatile explosive hairy anxious-making white-knuckle h Opposite: calm cool relaxed
relaxing
verb
verb: tense; 3rd person present: tenses; past tense: tensed; past participle: tensed; gerund or present participle: tensing
become tense, typically through anxiety or nervousness.
"her body tensed up"
make (a muscle or one's body) tight or rigid.
"carefully stretch and then tense your muscles"
h
Similar:
tighten
tauten tense up flex contract brace stiffen screw up knot strain stretch squinch up
h
Opposite:
relax
Origin late 17th century: from Latin tensus ‘stretched’, from the verb tendere . tense2 /tɛns/ Learn to pronounce nounGrammar noun: tense; plural noun: tenses
a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time (and sometimes also the continuance or completeness) of the action in relation to the time of the utterance. "the future tense"
158
Q
theme (n.) thematize thematization thematic thematically
A
noun
noun: theme; plural noun: themes
1. the subject of a talk, piece of writing, exhibition, etc.; a topic. "the theme of the sermon was reverence" h Similar: subject
topic subject matter matter issue question concern idea concept thread motif trope keynote message thesis argument text gist essence core substance burden thrust
Linguistics the first major constituent of a clause, indicating the subject matter, typically being the subject but optionally other constituents, as in ‘ smitten he is not’. US an essay written by a school pupil on a particular subject. h Similar: essay
composition
paper
dissertation
2.
an idea that recurs in or pervades a work of art or literature.
“love and honour are the pivotal themes of the Hornblower books”
Music a prominent or frequently recurring melody or group of notes in a composition. "the first violin takes up the theme high up in its register" h Similar: melody
tune
air
motif
leitmotif
a piece of music that frequently recurs in or accompanies the beginning and end of a film, play, or musical.
"a theme song"
3.
a setting given to a restaurant, pub, or leisure venue, intended to evoke a particular country, historical period, culture, etc.
"an Irish theme pub"
4.
Linguistics
the stem of a noun or verb; the part to which inflections are added, especially one composed of the root and an added vowel.
5.
historical
any of the twenty-nine provinces in the Byzantine empire.
verb
verb: theme; 3rd person present: themes; past tense: themed; past participle: themed; gerund or present participle: theming
give a particular theme or setting to (a leisure venue, event, etc.). "the amusement park will be themed as a Caribbean pirate stronghold"
159
Q
thereby (adv.)
A
adverb
adverb: thereby
by that means; as a result of that. "students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music"
Phrases
thereby hangs a tale — used to indicate that there is more to say about something.
160
Q
trace (v./n.) tracing, traceability
A
verb
verb: trace; 3rd person present: traces; past tense: traced; past participle: traced; gerund or present participle: tracing
1.
find or discover by investigation.
"police are trying to trace a white van seen in the area"
h
Similar:
track down
find discover detect unearth uncover turn up hunt down dig up ferret out run to ground follow pursue trail shadow stalk dog find the source of find the origins of find the roots of follow to its source source
find or describe the origin or development of. "Bob's book traces his flying career with the RAF" follow or mark the course or position of (something) with one's eye, mind, or finger. "through the binoculars, I traced the path I had taken the night before" take (a particular path or route). "a tear traced a lonely path down her cheek"
2. copy (a drawing, map, or design) by drawing over its lines on a superimposed piece of transparent paper. "trace a map of the world on to a large piece of paper" h Similar: copy reproduce go over draw over draw the lines of draw draw up sketch draft outline rough out mark out delineate map chart record indicate show
depict
draw (a pattern or line), especially with one's finger or toe.
"she traced a pattern in the dirt with the toe of her shoe"
give an outline of.
"the article traces out some of the connections between education, qualifications, and the labour market"
noun
noun: trace; plural noun: traces
1. a mark, object, or other indication of the existence or passing of something. "remove all traces of the old adhesive" h Similar: vestige
sign mark indication suggestion evidence clue remains remnant relic survival ghost echo memory trail track spoor marks tracks prints imprints footprints footmarks footsteps
a line or pattern displayed by an instrument to show the existence or nature of something which is being recorded or measured. a physical change in the brain presumed to be caused by a process of learning or memory.
2.
a very small quantity, especially one too small to be accurately measured.
“his body contained traces of amphetamines”
a barely discernible indication of something.
"just a trace of a smile"
h
Similar:
bit
spot speck touch hint suggestion suspicion nuance intimation trifle drop dash tinge tincture streak shred crumb fragment shadow whiff breath jot iota smidgen
tad
3.
a procedure to investigate the source of something, such as the place from which a telephone call was made.
“we’ve got a trace on the call”
4.
a line which represents the projection of a curve or surface on a plane or the intersection of a curve or surface with a plane.
5.
North American•West Indian
a path or track.
6.
Mathematics
the sum of the elements in the principal diagonal of a square matrix.
noun
noun: trace; plural noun: traces
each of the two side straps, chains, or ropes by which a horse is attached to a vehicle that it is pulling.
Phrases
kick over the traces — become insubordinate or reckless.
161
Q
transform (v.) transformation
A
verb
verb: transform; 3rd person present: transforms; past tense: transformed; past participle: transformed; gerund or present participle: transforming
1. make a marked change in the form, nature, or appearance of. "lasers have transformed cardiac surgery" h Similar: change
alter modify convert metamorphose transfigure transmute mutate remodel reshape remould redo reconstruct rebuild recast reorganize rearrange reorder reshuffle restyle rejig rework renew revamp renovate overhaul remake revolutionize stir up turn upside down transmogrify h Opposite: preserve keep the same
undergo a marked change.
"a wry cynicism rapidly transforms into an overwhelming sense of sourness"
h
Similar:
change
alter modify convert metamorphose transfigure transmute mutate remodel reshape remould redo reconstruct rebuild recast reorganize rearrange reorder reshuffle restyle rejig rework renew revamp renovate overhaul remake revolutionize stir up turn upside down transmogrify h Opposite: preserve
keep the same
change the voltage of (an electric current).
2.
Mathematics
change (a mathematical entity) by transformation.
nounMathematics•Linguistics
noun: transform; plural noun: transforms
/ˈtransfɔːm,ˈtrɑːnsfɔːm,ˈtranzfɔːm,ˈtrɑːnzfɔːm/
the product of a transformation.
a rule for making a transformation.
162
Q
transit (n.) transition
A
noun
noun: transit
1.
the carrying of people or things from one place to another.
"a painting was damaged in transit"
h
Similar:
movement
transport transportation conveyance shipment haulage freightage carriage moving travel travelling journeying passage passing transfer crossing progress en route on the journey during transport on the way on the road on the move along/on the road in motion
on the go
North American
the conveyance of passengers on public transport.
2.
the action of passing through or across a place.
"Guatemala is to have freedom of transit across Belize"
Astronomy
the passage of an inferior planet across the face of the sun, or of a moon or its shadow across the face of a planet.
plural noun: transits
"the transits of Mercury across the sun's disc"
Astronomy
the apparent passage of a celestial body across the meridian of a place.
Astrology
the passage of a celestial body through a specified sign, house, or area of a chart.
verb
verb: transit; 3rd person present: transits; past tense: transited; past participle: transited; gerund or present participle: transiting
pass across or through (an area).
"the new large ships will be too big to transit the Panama Canal"
Astronomy
(of a planet or other celestial body) pass across (the face of another body, or a meridian).
"at the end of February Jupiter transits the meridian"
Astrology
(of a celestial body) pass across (a specified sign, house, or area of a chart).
163
Q
trend (n.) trendify trendiness, trendy trendy trendily
A
noun
noun: trend; plural noun: trends
1. a general direction in which something is developing or changing. "an upward trend in sales and profit margins" h Similar: tendency
movement drift swing shift course current run direction inclination leaning bias bent 2. a fashion. "the latest trends in modern dance" h Similar: fashion vogue style mode craze mania rage fad
thing 3. a topic that is the subject of many posts on a social media website or application within a short period of time. "for more than 20 days in a row, most of the top Twitter trends were Olympics-related"
verb
1. change or develop in a general direction. "unemployment has been trending upwards" h Similar: move
go tend head drift gravitate swing shift turn incline lean veer
(especially of a geographical feature) bend or turn away in a specified direction. verb: trend; 3rd person present: trends; past tense: trended; past participle: trended; gerund or present participle: trending "the Richelieu River trending southward to Lake Champlain"
2.
(of a topic) be the subject of many posts on a social media website or application within a short period of time.
“I’ve just taken a quick look at what’s trending on Twitter right now”
164
Q
trigger (v./n.) triggered
A
noun
noun: trigger; plural noun: triggers
a small device that releases a spring or catch and so sets off a mechanism, especially in order to fire a gun.
"he pulled the trigger of the shotgun"
an event that is the cause of a particular action, process, or situation.
"the trigger for the strike was the closure of a mine"
verb
verb: trigger; 3rd person present: triggers; past tense: triggered; past participle: triggered; gerund or present participle: triggering
cause (a device) to function.
"burglars fled empty-handed after triggering the alarm"
h
Similar:
activate
set off
set going
trip
cause (an event or situation) to happen or exist. "an allergy can be triggered by stress or overwork" h Similar: precipitate
prompt trigger off set off spark (off) touch off stimulate provoke stir up fan the flames of cause give rise to lead to set in motion occasion be the cause of bring about generate engender begin start initiate
enkindle
(of an event or situation) cause (someone) to do something.
"the death of Helen's father triggered her to follow a childhood dream and become a falconer"
(especially of something read, seen, or heard) distress (someone), typically as a result of arousing feelings or memories associated with a particular traumatic experience.
"she started crying and told me that my news had really triggered her"
Phrases
quick on the trigger — quick to respond.
165
Q
underlie (v.) underlying
A
verb
verb: underlie; 3rd person present: underlies; past tense: underlay; gerund or present participle: underlying; past participle: underlain
1. be a significant cause or basis of (something) even if not necessarily manifest or obvious. "the fundamental issue that underlies the conflict" h Similar: fundamental
basic basal primary prime first cardinal central principal chief key elementary elemental rudimentary root intrinsic essential h Opposite: subordinate 2. (especially of a layer of rock or soil) lie or be situated under (something). "limestone underlies much of the site"
166
Q
undertake (v.) undertaking
A
verb
verb: undertake; 3rd person present: undertakes; past tense: undertook; gerund or present participle: undertaking; past participle: undertaken
commit oneself to and begin (an enterprise or responsibility); take on. "a firm of builders undertook the construction work" h Similar: tackle
take on take on oneself take up accept shoulder handle assume manage deal with take responsibility for take forward be responsible for engage in become involved in take part in participate in devote oneself to concentrate on address oneself to turn one's hand to go about set about approach get down to get to grips with launch into enter on begin start embark on venture on attempt try endeavour get cracking on have a crack/go/shot/stab at give something a whirl commence essay h Opposite: neglect forgo
promise to do a particular thing. "the firm undertook to keep price increases to a minimum" guarantee or affirm something; give as a formal pledge. "a lorry driver implicitly undertakes that he is reasonably skilled as a driver"
167
Q
vision (n.) visionariness
A
noun
noun: vision
1.
the faculty or state of being able to see.
"she had defective vision"
h
Similar:
eyesight
sight power of sight faculty of sight ability to see power of seeing powers of observation observation perception visual perception eyes field of vision view perspective
the images seen on a television screen. "the box converts the digital signal into sound and vision on an ordinary TV"
2. the ability to think about or plan the future with imagination or wisdom. "the organization had lost its vision and direction" h Similar: imagination creativity creative power inventiveness innovation inspiration intuition perceptiveness perception breadth of view foresight insight far-sightedness prescience discernment awareness penetration shrewdness sharpness cleverness
a mental image of what the future will or could be like. plural noun: visions "a utopian vision of society"
3. an experience of seeing someone or something in a dream or trance, or as a supernatural apparition. "the idea came to him in a vision" h Similar: apparition spectre phantom hallucination ghost wraith shadow manifestation chimera illusion mirage image bodach duppy spook phantasm shade revenant wight visitant eidolon manes
a vivid mental image, especially a fanciful one of the future. plural noun: visions "he had visions of becoming the Elton John of his time" h Similar: dream
daydream reverie mental picture conceptualization plans hopes fantasy fancy flight of fancy fanciful notion pipe dream delusion figment of the imagination
prospect
4. a person or sight of unusual beauty. "madame was a vision in black velvet" h Similar: beautiful sight vision of loveliness feast for the eyes pleasure to behold delight dream beauty spectacle picture joy marvel sensation sight for sore eyes eyeful stunner cracker smasher knockout looker good-looker bobby-dazzler peach
honey
verbrare
verb: vision; 3rd person present: visions; past tense: visioned; past participle: visioned; gerund or present participle: visioning
imagine. "we visioned a small lawn surrounded with a perfect tangle of trees"
168
Q
voluntary (adj.) volunteer (n./v.)
A
adjective
adjective: voluntary
1. done, given, or acting of one's own free will. "we are funded by voluntary contributions" h Similar: optional
discretionary at one's discretion elective non-compulsory non-mandatory not required open open to choice volitional up to the individual permissive discretional h Opposite: compulsory obligatory
Physiology under the conscious control of the brain. "voluntary contraction of the calf muscles"
2. working, done, or maintained without payment. "a voluntary helper" h Similar: unpaid unsalaried without pay without payment free of charge without charge for nothing for free honorary volunteer unrewarded pro bono (publico)
h
Opposite:
paid
Law
(of a conveyance or disposition) made without return in money or other consideration.
noun
noun: voluntary; plural noun: voluntaries
1.
an organ solo played before, during, or after a church service.
historical
a piece of music performed extempore, especially as a prelude to other music, or composed in a free style.
2.
(in a competition) a special performance left to the performer's choice.
169
Q
welfare (n.) welfarism, welfarist
A
noun
noun: welfare
1. the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group. "they don't give a damn about the welfare of their families" h Similar: well-being
health good health happiness comfort security safety protection prosperity profit good success fortune good fortune advantage interest prosperousness successfulness h Opposite: hardship 2. statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need. "the protection of rights to education, housing, and welfare"
North American financial support given to those who are unemployed or otherwise in need. "critics feared an increase in inequalities in the provision of welfare" h Similar: social security
benefit state benefit benefit payment public assistance allowance pension credit support sick pay
170
Q
whereby (adv.)
A
adverb
adverb: whereby
by which. "a system whereby people could vote by telephone"
