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Vocab > AWL EXL > Flashcards

AWL EXL Flashcards

1
Q

Frequency

A

Word & Definition

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2
Q

analyse v.

A

separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure

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3
Q

approach v.

A

come near or nearer to in space or time

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4
Q

area n.

A

extent or measurement of a surface

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5
Q

assess v. ~

A

sth decide or fix the amount of sth

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6
Q

assume v.

A

accept as true before there is proof

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7
Q

authority n.

A

power to give orders and make others obey

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8
Q

available adj.

A

that can be used or obtained

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9
Q

benefit n.

A

profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown)

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10
Q

concept n. ~

A

idea underlying sth; general notion

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11
Q

consist v. (phr v)

A

consist of sth be composed or made up of sth

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12
Q

constitute v. (fml )

A

make up or form (a whole); be the components of

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13
Q

1

A

context writings preceding and following passage quoted

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14
Q

contract n. ~

A

(for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writing

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15
Q

create v.

A

cause to exist; make (sth new or original)

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16
Q

data n.

A

facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth

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17
Q

define v.

A

~ sth state precisely the meaning of (eg words)

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18
Q

derive v.

A

~ sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth

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19
Q

distribute v.

A

~ sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing

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20
Q

economy n.

A

avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)

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21
Q

environment n

A

. conditions, circumstances, etc affecting people’s lives

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22
Q

establish v.

A

set up on a firm or permanent basis

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23
Q

estimate n

A

judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth

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24
Q

evident adj

A

. ~ (that…) obvious (to the eye or mind); clear

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25
Q

export n.

A

exporting

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26
Q

factor n.

A

fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a result

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27
Q

finance n.

A

management of money

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28
Q

1

A

formula n. (chemistry ) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made of

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29
Q

1

A

function n. special activity or purpose of a person or thing

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30
Q

1

A

identify v. ~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing)

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31
Q

1

A

individual adj. single; separate

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32
Q

1

A

interpret v. explain (sth which is not easily understandable)

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33
Q

1

A

involve v. make necessary as a condition or result; entail

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34
Q

1

A

issue n. outgoing; outflow

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35
Q

1

A

labour n. physicalor mental work

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36
Q

1

A

legal adj. of or based on the law

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37
Q

1

A

legislate v. ~ make laws

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38
Q

1

A

major adj. important; great(er)

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39
Q

1

A

method n. way

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40
Q

1

A

occur v. come into being as an event or a process; happen

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41
Q

1

A

percent

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42
Q

1

A

period n. length or portion of time

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43
Q

1

A

policy n. ~ plan of action, statement of ideals, etc proposed or adopted by a government, political party, business, etc

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44
Q

1

A

principle n. basic general truth that underlies sth

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45
Q

1

A

proceed v. ~ (to sth) go to a further or the next stage; go on

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46
Q

1

A

process n. series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth

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47
Q

1

A

require v. depend on (sb/sth) for success, fulfilment, etc; need

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48
Q

1

A

research n. ~ (on sb) careful study or investigation, esp in order to discover new facts or information

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49
Q

1

A

respond v. ~ (with sth) give a verbal or written answer

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50
Q

1

A

role n. actor’s part in a play

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51
Q

1

A

section n. any of the parts into which sth may be or has been divided

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52
Q

1

A

sector n. part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference .

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53
Q

1

A

significant adj. having a meaning, esp one that is immediately obvious

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54
Q

1

A

similar adj. ~ resembling sb/sth but not the same; alike

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55
Q

1

A

source n. starting-point of a river

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56
Q

1

A

specific adj. detailed, precise and exact

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57
Q

1

A

structure n. way in which sth is put together, organized, built, etc

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58
Q

1

A

theory n. set of reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or events

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59
Q

1

A

vary v. ~ (in sth) be different in size, volume, strength, etc

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60
Q

2

A

achieve v. gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc

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61
Q

2

A

acquire v. gain (sth) by one’s own ability, efforts or behaviour

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62
Q

2

A

administrate v. to administer

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63
Q

2

A

affect v. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on

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64
Q

2

A

appropriate adj. ~ suitable; right and proper

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65
Q

2

A

aspect n. particular part or feature of sth being considered

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66
Q

2

A

assist v. ~ in/with sth; ~ (sb) in doing sth (fml ) help

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67
Q

2

A

chapter n. (usu numbered) division of a book

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68
Q

2

A

commission n. ~ action, task or piece of work given to sb to do

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69
Q

2

A

community n. the community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole

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70
Q

2

A

complex adj. made up of (usu several) closely connected parts

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71
Q

2

A

compute v. ~ sth calculate sth with a computer

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72
Q

2

A

conclude v. ~ (with sth) (usu fml ) come or bring (sth) to an end

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73
Q

2

A

conduct n. person’s behaviour

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74
Q

2

A

consequent adj. ~ (fml ) following sth as a result or an effect

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75
Q

2

A

construct v. build (sth); put or fit together; form

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76
Q

2

A

consume v. use (sth) up

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77
Q

2

A

credit n. permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in this way

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78
Q

2

A

culture n. refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc

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79
Q

2

A

design n. ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made

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80
Q

2

A

distinct adj. easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite

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81
Q

2

A

element n. ~ necessary or characteristic part of sth

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82
Q

2

A

equate v. ~ sth consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else)

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83
Q

2

A

evaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess

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84
Q

2

A

feature n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearance

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85
Q

2

A

final adj. of the end; coming last

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86
Q

2

A

focus n. =>Usage at data data. point at which rays (of light, sound, etc) meet or from which they appear to come

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87
Q

2

A

impact n. hitting of one object against another

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88
Q

2

A

injure v. hurt (sb); harm

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89
Q

2

A

institute n. society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose

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90
Q

2

A

invest v. ~ (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest or bring profit

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91
Q

2

A

item n. single article or unit in a list, etc

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92
Q

2

A

journal n. newspaper or periodical, esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject

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93
Q

2

A

maintain v. ~ sth cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etc

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94
Q

2

A

normal adj. in accordance with what is typical, usual or regular

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95
Q

2

A

obtain v. ~ sth et sth; come to own or possess sth (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc)

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96
Q

2

A

participate v. ~ take part or become involved (in an activity)

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97
Q

2

A

perceive v. become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe

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98
Q

2

A

positive adj. with no possibility of doubt; clear and definite

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99
Q

2

A

potential adj. that can or may come into existence; possible

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100
Q

2

A

previous adj. coming before in time or order

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101
Q

2

A

primary adj. earliest in time or order of development

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102
Q

2

A

purchase n. (action of) buying sth

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103
Q

2

A

range n. connected line or row of mountains, hills, etc

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104
Q

2

A

region n. part of a surface or bodyor space with or without definite boundaries or characteristicfeatures

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105
Q

2

A

regulate v. control or direct by means of rules and restrictions

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106
Q

2

A

relevant adj. ~ (to sth/sb)connected with what is being discussed, what is happening,what is being done, etc

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107
Q

2

A

reside v. ~ (in/at…) have one’s home (in a certain place); live

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108
Q

2

A

resource n. supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person, etc wealth

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109
Q

2

A

restrict v. ~ sb/sth (to sth) put a limit on sb/sth

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110
Q

2

A

secure adj. ~ not feeling worry, doubt, etc

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111
Q

2

A

seek v. ~ (after/for sth) look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth)

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112
Q

2

A

select v. ~ sb/sth choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable

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113
Q

2

A

site n. place where a building, town, etc was, is, or will be situated

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114
Q

2

A

strategy n. planning and directing an operation in a war or campaign

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115
Q

2

A

survey v. look carefully at all of (sth/sb), esp from a distance

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116
Q

2

A

text n. main written or printed part of a book or page

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117
Q

2

A

tradition n. passing of beliefs or customs from one generation to the next, esp without writing

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118
Q

2

A

transfer v. ~ sth/sb (from…) (to…) move sth/sb from one place to another

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119
Q

3

A

alter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc

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120
Q

3

A

circumstance n. condition or fact connected with an event or action

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121
Q

3

A

comment n. ~ written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc)

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122
Q

3

A

compensate v. ~ for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury, etc;

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123
Q

3

A

component n. any of the parts of which sth is made

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124
Q

3

A

consent v. ~ give agreement or permission

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125
Q

3

A

considerable adj. great in amount or size

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126
Q

3

A

constant adj. going on all the time; happening again and again

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127
Q

3

A

constrain v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force

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128
Q

3

A

contribute v. ~ (to/towards sth) give one’s share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint cause

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129
Q

3

A

convene v. summon to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc)

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130
Q

3

A

coordinate vt. to organize or integrate (diverse elements) in a harmonious operation

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131
Q

3

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correspond v. ~ be in agreement; not contradict sth or each other

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132
Q

3

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criteria n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judged

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133
Q

3

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deduce v. ~ sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth

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134
Q

3

A

demonstrate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence

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135
Q

3

A

document n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth

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136
Q

3

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dominate v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)

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137
Q

3

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emphasis n. force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importance

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138
Q

3

A

ensure v. make sure; guarantee

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139
Q

3

A

exclude v. ~ sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out

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140
Q

3

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framework n. structure giving shape and support

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141
Q

3

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fund n. sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose

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142
Q

3

A

illustrate v. supply with pictures, diagrams, etc

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143
Q

3

A

immigrate v. ~ enter a foreign country in order to live there permanently

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144
Q

3

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imply v. suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint

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145
Q

3

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initial adj. of or at the beginning; first

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146
Q

3

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instance n. ~ particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case

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147
Q

3

A

interact v. ~ act or have an effect on each other

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148
Q

3

A

justify v. show that (sb/sth) is right, reasonable or just

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149
Q

3

A

layer n. thickness of material laid over a surface or forming a horizontal division

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150
Q

3

A

link n. one ring or loop of a chain

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151
Q

3

A

locate v. discover the exact position or place of

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152
Q

3

A

maximise [ maximize: ] vt. to make as high or great as possible; increase to a maximum

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153
Q

3

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minor adj. smaller, less serious, less important, etc

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154
Q

3

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negate v. deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth)

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155
Q

3

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outcome n. effect or result (of an event, circumstances, etc)

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156
Q

3

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partner n. person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a business

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157
Q

3

A

philosophy n. search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life

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158
Q

3

A

physical adj. of or concerning material things

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159
Q

3

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proportion n. comparative part or share of a whole; fraction

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160
Q

3

A

publish v. prepare, have printed and distribute to the public (a book, periodical, etc)

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161
Q

3

A

react v. ~ behave differently or change as a result of sth; respond

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162
Q

3

A

register n. official list or record of names, items, attendances, etc

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163
Q

3

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rely v. (pt, pp relied) ~ on/upon sb/sth (to do sth) count or depend on sb/sth

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164
Q

3

A

remove v. ~ sth/sb (from sth) take sth/sb away from one place to another

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165
Q

3

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scheme n. ~ plan for doing or organizing sth

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166
Q

3

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sequence n. set of events, numbers, actions, etc with each following the one before continuously or in a particular order

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167
Q

3

A

sex n. condition of being male or female; gender

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168
Q

3

A

shift v. ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (from…/to…); ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (about/around) (cause sth/sb/oneself to) change or move from one position or direction to another [/]

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169
Q

3

A

specify v. (esp fml ) state or name clearly and definitely (details, materials, etc)

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170
Q

3

A

sufficient adj. ~ enough

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171
Q

3

A

task n. piece of work that has to be done

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172
Q

3

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technical adj. of or involving the mechanical arts and applied sciences

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173
Q

3

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technique n. method of doing or performing sth, esp in the arts or sciences

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174
Q

3

A

technology n. scientificstudy and use of mechanical arts and applied sciences, eg engineering

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175
Q

3

A

valid adj. legally effective because made or done with the correct formalities

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176
Q

3

A

volume n. book, esp one of a matching set or a series

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177
Q

4

A

access n. ~ means of approaching or entering (a place); way in

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178
Q

4

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adequate adj. ~ satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficient

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179
Q

4

A

annual adj. happening every year

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180
Q

4

A

apparent adj. clearly seen or understood; obvious

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181
Q

4

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approximate adj. almost correct or exact but not completely so

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182
Q

4

A

attitude n. ~ way of thinking or behaving

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183
Q

4

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attribute v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth

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184
Q

4

A

civil adj. of or relating to the citizens of a country

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185
Q

4

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code n. (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information briefly

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186
Q

4

A

commit v. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish)

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187
Q

4

A

communicate v. ~ sth make sth known; convey sth

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188
Q

4

A

concentrate v. ~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one’s attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking about other less important things

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189
Q

4

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confer v. ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)

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190
Q

4

A

contrast v. ~ A and/with B compare so that differences are made clear

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191
Q

4

A

cycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order

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192
Q

4

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debate n. formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote

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193
Q

4

A

despite prep without being affected by

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194
Q

4

A

dimension n. measurement of any sort

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195
Q

4

A

domestic adj. of the home, household or family

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196
Q

4

A

emerge v. ~ come out or up (from water, etc)

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197
Q

4

A

error n. thing done wrongly; mistake

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198
Q

4

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ethnic adj. of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition

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199
Q

4

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goal n. (in football, hockey, etc) pair of posts with a crossbar, between which the ball has to be kicked, hit, etc in order to score

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200
Q

4

A

grant v. agree to give or allow (what is asked for)

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201
Q

4

A

hence adv. from this time

202
Q

4

A

hypothesis n. idea or suggestion that is based on known facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigation

203
Q

4

A

implement n. tool or instrument

204
Q

4

A

implicate v. ~ sb show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crime

205
Q

4

A

impose v. ~ sth place (a penalty, tax, etc) officially on sb/sth

206
Q

4

A

integrate v. ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth else

207
Q

4

A

internal adj. of or on the inside

208
Q

4

A

investigate v. find out and examine in order to obtain the truth

209
Q

4

A

job n. the patience of job

210
Q

4

A

label n. piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner, destination, etc

211
Q

4

A

mechanism n. working parts of a machine, etc

212
Q

4

A

obvious adj. easily seen, recognized or understood; clear

213
Q

4

A

occupy v. live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)

214
Q

4

A

option n. power or freedom of choosing; choice

215
Q

4

A

output n. quantity of goods, etc produced

216
Q

4

A

overall adj. including everything; total

217
Q

4

A

parallel adj. (of two or more lines) having the same distance between each other at every point

218
Q

4

A

parameter n. quantity that does not vary in a particular case but does vary in other cases

219
Q

4

A

phase n. stage in a process of change or development

220
Q

4

A

predict v. say in advance that will happen; forecast

221
Q

4

A

principal adj. first in rank or importance; chief; main

222
Q

4

A

prior adj. coming before in time, order or importance

223
Q

4

A

professional adj. of or belonging to a profession

224
Q

4

A

project n. scheme or undertaking

225
Q

4

A

promote to contribute to the growth or prosperity of:FURTHER

226
Q

4

A

regime n. method or system of government

227
Q

4

A

resolve v. ~ on/upon/against sth/doing sth decide firmly; determine

228
Q

4

A

retain v. keep (sth) in one’s possession or use

229
Q

4

A

series n. number of things, events, etc of a similar kind, esp. placed or occurring one after another

230
Q

4

A

statistic n. item of information expressed in numbers

231
Q

4

A

status n. person’s social, legal or professional position or rank in relation to others

232
Q

4

A

stress n. mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc

233
Q

4

A

subsequent adj. later; following

234
Q

4

A

sum n. arithmetical calculation

235
Q

4

A

summary n. brief statement of themain points of sth

236
Q

4

A

undertake v. (fml ) (start to) make oneself responsible for (sth)

237
Q

5

A

academy n. school for special training

238
Q

5

A

adjust v. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange

239
Q

5

A

alternative adj. available in place of sth else; other

240
Q

5

A

amend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly

241
Q

5

A

aware adj. ~ of sb/sth; ~ that… having knowledge or realization of sb/sth

242
Q

5

A

capacity n. ability to hold or contain sth

243
Q

5

A

challenge n. ~ (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etc

244
Q

5

A

clause n. group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence

245
Q

5

A

compound n. thing made up of two or more separate things combined together

246
Q

5

A

conflict n. struggle; fight

247
Q

5

A

consult v. ~ sb/sth go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc

248
Q

5

A

contact n. ~ state of touching (used esp with the vs shown)

249
Q

5

A

decline v. say `no’ to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politely

250
Q

5

A

discrete adj. separate; distinct

251
Q

5

A

draft n. rough preliminary written version of sth

252
Q

5

A

enable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means

253
Q

5

A

energy n. ability to act or work with strength and eagerness

254
Q

5

A

enforce v. ~ sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effective

255
Q

5

A

entity n. thing with distinct and real existence

256
Q

5

A

equivalent adj. ~ equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc

257
Q

5

A

evolve v. (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) gradually

258
Q

5

A

expand v. ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importance

259
Q

5

A

expose v. uncover or make (sth) visible; display

260
Q

5

A

external adj. outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body)

261
Q

5

A

facilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult

262
Q

5

A

fundamental adj. of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essential

263
Q

5

A

generate v. cause to exist or occur; produce

264
Q

5

A

generation n. production

265
Q

5

A

image n. copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue

266
Q

5

A

liberal adj. tolerant and open-minded; free from prejudice

267
Q

5

A

licence n. official document showing that permission has been given to own, use or do sth

268
Q

5

A

logic n. science of reasoning

269
Q

5

A

margin n. blank space round the written or printed matter on a page

270
Q

5

A

medical adj. of the art of medicine; of curing disease

271
Q

5

A

mental adj. of, in or to the mind

272
Q

5

A

modify v. change (sth) slightly, esp to make it less extreme or to improve it

273
Q

5

A

monitor n. device used to observe, record or test sth

274
Q

5

A

network n. complex system of roads, etc crossingeach other

275
Q

5

A

notion n. ~ idea or belief; concept

276
Q

5

A

objective adj. not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased; fair

277
Q

5

A

orient n. the Orient countries of the (Far) East (eg Japan, China)

278
Q

5

A

perspective n. art of drawing solid objects on a flat surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth and position in relation to each other

279
Q

5

A

precise adj. stated clearly andaccurately

280
Q

5

A

prime adj. most important; chief; fundamental

281
Q

5

A

psychology n. science or study of the mind and how it functions

282
Q

5

A

pursue v. follow (sb/sth), esp in order to catch or kill; chase ,

283
Q

5

A

ratio n. relation between two amounts determined by the number of times one contains the other

284
Q

5

A

reject v. refuse to accept

285
Q

5

A

revenue n. income, esp the total annual income of the State from taxes, etc

286
Q

5

A

stable adj. firmly established or fixed; not likely to move or change

287
Q

5

A

style n. manner of writing or speaking, esp contrasted with what is actually written or said

288
Q

5

A

substitute n. ~ person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb or sth else

289
Q

5

A

sustain v. bear (weight) without breaking or falling

290
Q

5

A

symbol n. ~ image, object, etc that suggests or refers to sth else; emblem

291
Q

5

A

target n. object or mark that a person tries to hit in shooting, etc; disc marked with concentric circles for this purpose in archery ; .

292
Q

5

A

transit n. process of going or being taken or transported from one place to another

293
Q

5

A

trend n. general tendency or direction

294
Q

5

A

version n. account of an event, etc from the point of view of one person

295
Q

5

A

welfare n. good health, happiness, prosperity, etc of a person or group

296
Q

5

A

whereas conj taking into consideration the fact that …

297
Q

6

A

abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence

298
Q

6

A

accurate adj. free from error

299
Q

6

A

acknowledge v. accept the truth of admit (sth)

300
Q

6

A

aggregate v. ~ sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount

301
Q

6

A

allocate v. ~ sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose

302
Q

6

A

assign v. ~ sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used

303
Q

6

A

attach v. ~ sth fasten or join sth (to sth)

304
Q

6

A

author n. writer of a book, play, etc

305
Q

6

A

bond n. written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant

306
Q

6

A

brief adj. lasting only a short time; short

307
Q

6

A

capable adj. having ability; able; competent

308
Q

6

A

cite quote; commend

309
Q

6

A

cooperate to work or act together

310
Q

6

A

discriminate v. ~ ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things)

311
Q

6

A

display v. ~ sth put sth on show

312
Q

6

A

diverse adj. of different kinds; varied

313
Q

6

A

domain n. lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etc

314
Q

6

A

edit v. prepare for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine

315
Q

6

A

enhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look better

316
Q

6

A

estate n. area of land, esp in the country, with one owner

317
Q

6

A

exceed v. be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity)

318
Q

6

A

expert n. ~ person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular field

319
Q

6

A

explicit adj. (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed

320
Q

6

A

federal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several regional government

321
Q

6

A

fee n. (usu pl ) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etc

322
Q

6

A

flexible adj. that can bend easily without breaking

323
Q

6

A

furthermore adv. in addition; moreover ;

324
Q

6

A

gender n. (in certain languages) classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or feminine

325
Q

6

A

ignorant adj. ~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware

326
Q

6

A

incentive n. ~ thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulus

327
Q

6

A

incidence n. ~ of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect

328
Q

6

A

incorporate v. ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; include

329
Q

6

A

index n. list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical order

330
Q

6

A

inhibit v. ~ sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to do

331
Q

6

A

initiate v. put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begin

332
Q

6

A

input n. ~ action of putting sth in

333
Q

6

A

instruct to direct to do something; order

334
Q

6

A

intelligence n. power of learning, understanding and reasoning; mental ability

335
Q

6

A

interval n. ~ time between two events

336
Q

6

A

lecture n. ~ (on sth) talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of a teaching programme

337
Q

6

A

migrate v. ~ (to…) move from one place to go to live or work in another

338
Q

6

A

minimum n. least or smallest amount, degree, etc possible

339
Q

6

A

ministry n. (buildings containing a) government department

340
Q

6

A

motive n. ~ that which causes sb to act in a particular way; reason

341
Q

6

A

neutral adj. not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest,war, etc; impartial

342
Q

6

A

nevertheless adv, conj in spite of this; however; still

343
Q

6

A

overseas adj. across the sea; foreign

344
Q

6

A

precede v. come or go before in time, order, rank, etc

345
Q

6

A

presume v. suppose to be true; take (sth) for granted

346
Q

6

A

rational adj. able to reason

347
Q

6

A

recover v. ~ sth find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth

348
Q

6

A

reveal v. ~ sth make (facts, etc) known

349
Q

6

A

scope n. ~ opportunity to do or achieve sth

350
Q

6

A

subsidy n. money paid, esp by a government, to help an industry, to support the arts, to keep prices down, etc

351
Q

6

A

tape n. narrow strip of material used for tying, fastening or labelling things

352
Q

6

A

trace n. mark, track, sign, etc showing what has existed or happened

353
Q

6

A

transform v. ~ sth/sb (into sth) completely change the appearance or character of sth/sb

354
Q

6

A

transport v. ~ sth/sb (to…) take sth/sb from one place to another in a vehicle

355
Q

6

A

underlie v. lie or exist beneath (sth)

356
Q

6

A

utilise vt. (=utilize) to put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use for

357
Q

7

A

adapt v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth

358
Q

7

A

adult adj. grown to full size or strength

359
Q

7

A

advocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support

360
Q

7

A

aid n. help

361
Q

7

A

channel n. sunken bed of a river, stream or canal

362
Q

7

A

chemical adj. of or relating to chemistry

363
Q

7

A

classic adj. having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance

364
Q

7

A

comprehensive adj. that includes everything

365
Q

7

A

comprise v. have as parts or members; be made up of

366
Q

7

A

confirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth of

367
Q

7

A

contrary adj. opposite in nature, tendency or direction

368
Q

7

A

convert v. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another

369
Q

7

A

couple n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman together

370
Q

7

A

decade n. period of ten years

371
Q

7

A

definite adj. clear; not doubtful

372
Q

7

A

deny v. say that (sth) is not true

373
Q

7

A

differentiate v. ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else)

374
Q

7

A

dispose v. place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrange

375
Q

7

A

dynamic adj. of power or forces that produce movement

376
Q

7

A

eliminate v. ~ sb/sth remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed)

377
Q

7

A

empirical adj. based on observation or experiment, not on theory

378
Q

7

A

equip v. ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose)

379
Q

7

A

extract v. ~ sth take or get sth out, usu with effort or by force

380
Q

7

A

file n. metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substances

381
Q

7

A

finite adj. having bounds; limited; not infinite

382
Q

7

A

foundation n. act of founding

383
Q

7

A

globe n. small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries, rivers, cities, etc

384
Q

7

A

grade n. step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classification

385
Q

7

A

guarantee n. ~ (against sth) promise (usu in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled

386
Q

7

A

hierarchy n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest

387
Q

7

A

identical adj. the ~ the same

388
Q

7

A

ideology n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person

389
Q

7

A

infer v. ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sth

390
Q

7

A

innovate v. make changes; introduce new things

391
Q

7

A

insert v. ~ sth put, fit, place sth into sth or between two things

392
Q

7

A

intervene v. (of time) come or be between

393
Q

7

A

isolate v. ~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth ;

394
Q

7

A

media n. mass means of communication, eg TV, radio, newspapers

395
Q

7

A

mode n. ~ (fml ) way or manner in which sth is done

396
Q

7

A

paradigm n. set of all the different forms of a word

397
Q

7

A

phenomenon n. fact or occurrence, esp in nature or society, that can be perceived by the senses

398
Q

7

A

priority n. ~ (state of) being more important (in rank)

399
Q

7

A

prohibit v. ~ sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations

400
Q

7

A

publication n. action of making a book or periodical, available to the public

401
Q

7

A

quote v. ~ (from sb/sth) repeat in speech or writing (words previously said or written by another person)

402
Q

7

A

release v. ~ sb/sth (from sth) allow (a person or an animal) to go; set free or liberate sb/sth ;

403
Q

7

A

reverse adj. ~ contrary or opposite to what is expected

404
Q

7

A

simulate v. pretend to have or feel

405
Q

7

A

sole n. flat sea-fish that is eaten as food

406
Q

7

A

somewhat indef adv to some degree; rather

407
Q

7

A

submit v. ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) ; ,

408
Q

7

A

successor n. ~ person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth)

409
Q

7

A

survive v. ~ ~ (on sth) continue to live or exist

410
Q

7

A

thesis n. statement or theory put forward and supported by arguments

411
Q

7

A

topic n. subject of a discussion, talk, programme, written work, etc

412
Q

7

A

transmit To send trough or across.

413
Q

7

A

ultimate adj. beyond which no other exists or is possible; last or final

414
Q

7

A

unique adj. being the only one of its type

415
Q

7

A

visible adj. ~ that can be seen; in sight

416
Q

7

A

voluntary adj. acting,done or given willingly

417
Q

8

A

abandon v. go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desert

418
Q

8

A

accompany v. walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escort

419
Q

8

A

accumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this way

420
Q

8

A

ambiguous adj. having more than one possible meaning

421
Q

8

A

append v. ~ sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing)

422
Q

8

A

appreciate v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highly

423
Q

8

A

arbitrary adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason

424
Q

8

A

automate v. cause to operate by automation

425
Q

8

A

bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group or series; predisposition; prejudice

426
Q

8

A

chart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc

427
Q

8

A

clarify v. (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understand

428
Q

8

A

commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home

429
Q

8

A

complement n. ~ thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete

430
Q

8

A

conform v. ~ keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc)

431
Q

8

A

contemporary adj. ~ of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same time

432
Q

8

A

contradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truth

433
Q

8

A

crucial adj. ~ very important; decisive

434
Q

8

A

currency n. money system in use in a country

435
Q

8

A

denote v. be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer to

436
Q

8

A

detect v. discover or recognize that (sth) is present

437
Q

8

A

deviate v. ~ from sth stop following

438
Q

8

A

displace v. move from the usual or correct place

439
Q

8

A

drama n. play for the theatre, radio or TV

440
Q

8

A

eventual adj. happening at last as a result; ultimate

441
Q

8

A

exhibit n. object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museum

442
Q

8

A

exploit n. brave or adventurous deed or action

443
Q

8

A

fluctuate v. ~ (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly

444
Q

8

A

guideline a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actio

445
Q

8

A

highlight n. best, most interesting or most exciting part of something

446
Q

8

A

implicit adj. ~ implied, but not expressed directly; not explicit

447
Q

8

A

induce v. persuade or influence (sb) to do sth

448
Q

8

A

inevitable adj. that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happen

449
Q

8

A

infrastructure n. subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization or an enterprise (eg of an army) ,

450
Q

8

A

inspect v. examine (sth) closely

451
Q

8

A

intense adj. (of sensations) very great or severe; extreme

452
Q

8

A

manipulate v. control or handle with skill

453
Q

8

A

minimise [ minimize: ] to reduce to or estimate at the least possible degree or amount

454
Q

8

A

nuclear adj. of a nucleus, esp of an atom

455
Q

8

A

offset v. ~ sth (by sth/doing sth) compensate for sth; balance sth

456
Q

8

A

paragraph n. distinct section of a written or printed text, usu consisting of several sentences dealing with a single theme and starting on a new line

457
Q

8

A

plus prep with the addition of

458
Q

8

A

practitioner n. person who practises a skill or an art

459
Q

8

A

predominant adj. having more power or influence than others

460
Q

8

A

prospect n. (dated ) wide view of a landscape, etc

461
Q

8

A

radical adj. of or from the root or base; fundamental

462
Q

8

A

random adj. done, chosen, etc without method or conscious choice; haphazard

463
Q

8

A

reinforce v. make stronger by adding material, etc

464
Q

8

A

restore v. ~ sth (fml ) give back (sth lost, etc) to its owner

465
Q

8

A

revise v. re-examine (sth), esp in order to correct or improve it

466
Q

8

A

schedule n. programme of work to be done or of planned events

467
Q

8

A

tense adj. stretched tightly; taut ;

468
Q

8

A

terminate v. come to an end or bring (sth) to an end

469
Q

8

A

theme n. subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a person’s thoughts; topic

470
Q

8

A

thereby adv. by that means

471
Q

8

A

uniform adj. not changing in form or character; unvarying

472
Q

8

A

vehicle n. conveyance such as a car, lorry or cart used for transporting goods or passengers on land

473
Q

8

A

via prep by way of (sth); through

474
Q

8

A

virtual adj. being or acting as what is described, but not accepted as such in name or officially

475
Q

8

A

visual adj. concerned with or used in seeing

476
Q

8

A

widespread extending over a wide area

477
Q

9

A

accommodate v. provide lodging or room for

478
Q

9

A

analogy n. ~ partial similarity between two things that are compared

479
Q

9

A

anticipate v. expect

480
Q

9

A

assure v. tell (sb) positively or confidently

481
Q

9

A

attain v. succeed in getting (sth); achieve

482
Q

9

A

behalf n. on behalf of sb/on sb’s behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb’s behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb

483
Q

9

A

bulk n. size, quantity or volume, esp when great

484
Q

9

A

cease v. come or bring (sth) to an end; stop

485
Q

9

A

coherent adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clear

486
Q

9

A

coincide v. ~ (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else

487
Q

9

A

commence v. begin (sth); start

488
Q

9

A

compatible adj. ~ (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together

489
Q

9

A

concurrent adj. ~ existing, happening or done at the same time

490
Q

9

A

confine v. ~ sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space

491
Q

9

A

controversy n. ~ public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagree with

492
Q

9

A

converse v. ~ (about sth); ~ (together) (fml ) talk

493
Q

9

A

device n. thing made or adapted for a special purpose

494
Q

9

A

devote v. ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth; dedicate ;

495
Q

9

A

diminish v. become smaller or less; decrease

496
Q

9

A

distort v. pull or twist out of its usual shape

497
Q

9

A

duration n. time during which sth lasts or continues

498
Q

9

A

erode v. destroy or wear (sth) away gradually

499
Q

9

A

ethic n. system of moral principles; rules of conduct

500
Q

9

A

format n. shape, size, binding, etc of a book

Vocab (3 decks)

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